Lesson 59 自學導讀First things first
課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1．Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate.每當它想到花園里來時，便汪汪叫個不停，直到有人把門打開。
every time在這里為連詞引導一個時間狀語從句，表示“每次”、“每當”，主句中的would表示過去的習慣性動作。用一般過去時的句子中它們經(jīng)常連用：
Every time we met, we would talk for a while.
我們每次見面都要聊一會兒。
Every time he came to the restaurant, he would first ask for a cup of tea.
他每次到這個飯館來，都是先要一杯茶。
2．…my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in.……我丈夫花了幾個星期的時間訓練它用腳爪按住門閂把自己放進來。
（1）spend表示“在……上花時間”時，后面如果跟名詞則用介詞on;如果跟動名詞則用介詞in（在口語中in往往省略）：
Why don't you spend more time on studies?
你為什么不在學習上再多花點時間呢？
I spent two weeks(in) reading this book.
我花了兩星期的時間讀這本書。
（2）train的賓語是him, to press…是賓語補足語，to let…為目的狀語。
3．Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate.雷克斯很快成了開門的專家。
expert表示“做/干……的專家/高手”時后面通常用 at doing sth.;表示在某一領域是“專家”、“權威”時可用介詞in或on:
John is an expert at driving a car.
約翰是開車高手。
She is an expert in flowers.
她是花卉方面的專家。
Sam is an expert on that problem.
薩姆是研究那個問題的權威。
4．This time he was barking so that someone would let him out!這次它叫著讓人把它放出去！
連詞so that引導的是目的狀語從句。（cf．本課語法）
語法 Grammar in use
1．復習第50～58課語法
He's having lunch , isn't he?
他正在吃午飯，是不是?(現(xiàn)在進行時表示說話時正在進行的動作)
Yes，he always has lunch at this time of the day.
是的，他每天總是在這個時間吃午飯。(一般現(xiàn)在時表示習慣性動作)
She's reading a book,isn't she?
她正在讀一本書，是不是?
Yes,she's been reading the book all morning.
是的。她整個上午一直在讀這本書。(現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調動作的持續(xù)性)
I was told that ships were built here.
我聽說這里造過船。(被動語態(tài)was told表示說話謹慎;從句中的一般過去時表示不知現(xiàn)在是否仍造船)
They used to be built here,but they aren't any more.
過去這里是造過船，但現(xiàn)在不造了。(used to表示過去有過但現(xiàn)在已終止的狀態(tài)，強調過去與現(xiàn)在的對照，因此不可用would代替)
You've taken your time! What on earth have you been doing?
你可真夠慢約!你到底一直在干什么?(on earth用于表示強調)
I'm sorry.We got caught in astorm.
對不起。我們遇上一暴風雨了。(在口語中get+過去分詞相當于被動語態(tài))
2．表示目的的幾種方式：to, in order to, so as to, so that, in order that
（1）帶to的不定式及其變體in order to和so as to 可以用來表示目的：
I went to live in France to/in order to/so as to learn French.
我去法國居住，以便學習法語。
not to可以用于表示取舍：
I went to France not to study French, but to study chemics.
我去法國不是為了學法語，而是為了學化學。
so as not to/in order not to可以用于表示“以防”：
I shut the door quietly, so as not to/in order not to wake the baby.
為了不驚醒嬰兒，我輕輕地關上門。
在bring, buy, need, take, use, want等動詞后經(jīng)常用賓語+不定式（而不用賓語+in order to/so as to），不定式表示用賓語的目的：
I want something to drink.
我想要一點喝的東西。
I need a spoon to eat this ice cream with.
我需要一把湯匙來吃這冰淇淋。
Bring me a chair to sit on.
給我拿一把椅子來坐。
（2）連詞 so that, in order that可以引導目的狀語從句。當主句用一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在完成時或一般將來時的時候，so that和 in order that后面可以跟may, can或will。so that比in order that更為普遍：
I've arrived early so that/in order that I may/can/will get the tickets.
我到得早，以便能買到票。
當主句中的動詞為一般過去時、過去進行時或過去完成時的時候， so that和in order that后面跟should, could, might或would:
I arrived early so that/in order that I should/could/might/would get the tickets.
（譯文同上）
so that和in order that后面的否定形式如下：
I arrived early so that/in order that I might not miss anything.
我到得很早，以免錯過什么。（否定句中不可用could,可用should, would等）
（3）相比之下，帶to, so as to和 in order to的結構比帶that的結構要簡單、自然，所以多為人使用：
I arrived early so as not to/in order not to miss anything.（譯文同上）
當前后主語不一致時，不定式前面加for+名詞/代詞比that結構更簡潔:
I bought a new car in order that/so that my wife might learn to drive.
我買了一輛新車，以便我妻子學習駕駛。
I bought a new car for my wife to learn to drive.
(譯文同上)
詞匯學習 Word study
1．press
（1）vt., vi.按，擠，壓：
She pressed my hand warmly.
她熱情地握我的手。
Can you press that button for me please?
請問您能幫我按一下那個按鈕嗎？
The dog pressed his paw on the latch to let himself in.
那狗用腳爪按住門閂把自己放進來。
（2）vt.擠取，榨?。ā闹?BR> This is the time of the year when they press their grapes.
這是他們榨葡萄汁的季節(jié)。
If you prefer juice, you can press some oranges.
如果你更喜歡果汁，你可以榨些橙汁。
（3）vt.催促，敦促，竭力勸說：
My parents pressed me to enter for the competition.
我父母竭力勸我報名參加這個競賽。
I don't like to be pressed.我不喜歡被人催促。
2．develop vt.,vi.
（1）發(fā)展，擴展：
The village has developed into a town now.
那個村子現(xiàn)在已擴展成一個鎮(zhèn)了。
Do you believe that you can develop your mind through watching TV?
你相信通過看電視能開發(fā)你的智力嗎？
It's hard to develop your business in this city.
在這座城市擴展你的業(yè)務是困難的。
（2）（逐漸）顯現(xiàn)出，產(chǎn)生，獲得，養(yǎng)成：
He has developed another bad habit.
他/它養(yǎng)成了另外一種壞習慣。
She developed an interest in swimming.
她對游泳產(chǎn)生了興趣。