英語資源頻道為大家整理的china daily 雙語新聞：我們生活在環(huán)球小報(bào)中，供大家閱讀參考。
Life in the global gutter
生活在環(huán)球小報(bào)中
The popular press
廣受歡迎的報(bào)刊
Tabloids are a phenomenon worldwide, but they come in different varieties
小報(bào)是世界范圍內(nèi)的一種現(xiàn)象，但是他們以不同的種類方式存在著
AS AN example of bullying journalism, it takes some beating. Atabloid buys a surreptitiously filmed sex-video of an actor in his 50s suffering from Parkinson's disease. It demands an exclusive. At first he collaborates, even writing the interview himself; later he sues for blackmail.
作為恐嚇性新聞業(yè)的一個(gè)例子，它很難被超越。一家小報(bào)購買了一部秘密拍攝的性愛錄像，主人公是一名患有帕金森綜合征的50多歲的演員。這家小報(bào)要求報(bào)道。開始這名演員配合了，甚至親自寫訪談；后來，他以敲詐勒索為由，將這家小報(bào)告上了法庭。
This is not another story emanating from the now-shuttered newsroom of the News of the World, where journalistic shenanigans have deeply embarrassed News Corporation, its owner. The tabloid in question is Bild Zeitung, Germany's biggest paper. Last year a court ruled that Bild's reporter had coerced theactor, Ottfried Fischer. In May a higher court overturned the verdict. Afurther appeal is pending.
這并不是從已經(jīng)關(guān)閉的世界新聞報(bào)（其新聞工作者的詭計(jì)深深羞辱了它的所有者，新聞集團(tuán)）的新聞編輯室里傳出的另外一個(gè)故事。這家被談及的小報(bào)是《圖片報(bào)》，德國的報(bào)紙。去年，一家法庭判定《圖片報(bào)》的記者脅迫了一名演員：奧德弗里德·費(fèi)舍爾（Ottfried Fischer）。五月份更高一級法庭駁回了這一判決，更進(jìn)一步的上訴正在進(jìn)行中。
Mr Fischer's fate shows that Britainhas no monopoly on aggressive tabloids—a word initially used for compressed tablets in the late 19th century, but which then came to mean"compact" journalism. They are ubiquitous in developed countries and many developing ones, particularly in Brazil, where they have grown rapidly in recent years. Britain,with half-a-dozen national tabloids, probably has the most. France boasts no tabloid newspapers, though it has magazines (Closer and Gala)and the satirical weekly Canard Encha?né that doa similar job (as far as that country's strict privacy laws allow). In America papers are mostly broadsheets, but tabloid-style television was invented there. Italy, Spainand Japanhave tabloids focusing on sport with huge readerships: each copy goes through many hands.
費(fèi)舍爾的命運(yùn)表明英國在侵犯性小報(bào)上沒有形成壟斷。Tabloid，這個(gè)單詞在19世紀(jì)末起初用來表示壓縮藥片，但是后來又涉及到了“緊湊的”報(bào)紙的意思。小報(bào)在發(fā)達(dá)國家和許多發(fā)展中國家是普遍存在的，尤其是在巴西，小報(bào)在近年發(fā)展迅猛。英國擁有6家國家范圍內(nèi)的小報(bào)，或許是最多的。法國自詡沒有小報(bào)類的報(bào)紙，然而其雜志（《Closer》和《Gala》）和諷刺周刊《鴨鳴報(bào)》（Canard Encha?né）卻做著相似的工作（在法國嚴(yán)格的隱私法的允許范圍內(nèi)）。在美國，大部分的報(bào)紙都是大報(bào)，但是“小報(bào)風(fēng)格”的電視節(jié)目卻是源于美國。意大利、西班牙和日本都有以體育為重點(diǎn)的小報(bào)，這些報(bào)紙具有龐大的讀者群體——每份報(bào)紙都會(huì)經(jīng)手多人。
With circulation comes clout. British politicians may be afraid of the tabloids, butthe papers themselves see their role more as providing entertainment. The German tabloid is more political than its British counterpart, with three times more political coverage, says Susanne H?ke, who has written a book comparing the Sun with Bild. In both countries tabloids help set the toneof political debate, but Bild's stunts are more imaginative and upmarket. Early in the euro crisis, Bild sent a reporter to hand out drachmas in Athens,allowing the paper to boast that it was giving "the bankrupt Greeks their drachmas back". It also mischievously suggested that the Greeks sell some islands and the Acropolis to pay their debt.
伴隨發(fā)行量而來的便是報(bào)紙的影響力。英國政客們可能會(huì)害怕小報(bào)，但是這些報(bào)紙把更多的把自己定位為提供娛樂的報(bào)紙。“德國小報(bào)與其英國同行相比顯得更加的政治化，擁有超過其三倍的政治報(bào)道量，”曾寫過一本書來對比《太陽報(bào)》和《圖片報(bào)》的蘇珊娜·胡克（Susanne H?ke）說道。在兩國，小報(bào)幫助政治討論奠定基調(diào)，但是《圖片報(bào)》的技巧更加的富于想象力和高級。在早先的歐元區(qū)危機(jī)中，《圖片報(bào)》派出一名記者去雅典散發(fā)德拉克馬（希臘貨幣），然后這家報(bào)紙就吹噓它正向“破產(chǎn)的希臘歸還他們的錢”。它也戲謔地暗示：希臘賣出一些小島和雅典衛(wèi)城來還債。
The political coverage helps hacks at the German paper take themselves seriously. Many see their paper as a pillar of democracy in the "midst of society", according to Kai Diekmann, its editor. It also makes them more hypocritical. "They know what they are doing, but don't admit it,"says Ms H?ke. Regulation also plays a role. Germany'spress watchdog is less toothless than Britain's PressComplaints Commission. Better legal protection for journalists makes themless reliant on tough investigative methods. British tabloids spend a lot more on reporting and research than Bild, which relies more on freelancers and agencies, notes Ms H?ke.
政治新聞報(bào)道使得這家德國報(bào)紙的從業(yè)者更加重視他們自己?！秷D片報(bào)》主編卡伊·迪克曼（Kai Diekmann）指出，許多人將他們的報(bào)紙視為民主的一個(gè)支柱。同時(shí)，政治新聞報(bào)道也使得從業(yè)者更加的偽善?！八麄兞私馑麄冊谧鍪裁?，但是卻從不承認(rèn)”，胡克說道。規(guī)章管理也發(fā)揮著作用。德國的新聞監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)比英國的新聞投訴委員會(huì)（PPC）更有權(quán)勢。更好的法律保護(hù)可以使新聞工作者們更少的依賴艱苦的調(diào)查方式。胡克指出，英國小報(bào)要比《圖片報(bào)》花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間和精力在匯報(bào)和調(diào)查中，《圖片報(bào)》則更多的依靠自由撰稿者和公眾服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)。
Scoops are one thing, skulduggery another. In the dark arts of journalism—hacking into voicemail, bribing the police for tips, or obtaining private financial and health information—British tabloids have stooped lower than anyone. Despite its treatment of Mr Fischer, Bild's behaviour is "clearly lessdestructive", says Lukas Heinser, who writes for BILDblog, which chronicles the paper's failings.
報(bào)道是一回事，作假欺詐又是另外一回事。在新聞業(yè)黑暗手腕使用中——侵入他人語音信箱、收買警方消息或者獲得私人財(cái)務(wù)和健康信息——英國小報(bào)比其他任何同行都嫻熟。盡管如此對待費(fèi)舍爾，《圖片報(bào)》的行為“顯然破壞力較低”，盧卡斯·海因斯說道，他為圖片報(bào)博客撰文，這個(gè)博客記錄了這家報(bào)紙的失敗。
Farther east, the dirtiest tactics in the ex-communist world involve"Kompromat"—embarrassing information from government files,particularly involving corruption or ties with the former communist secret police.But this is leaked, not bought or stolen. Politicians' private lives arelargely taboo, even in countries with lively tabloids such as Poland.
再往東去，在前共產(chǎn)主義世界，最骯臟的手腕還包括“Kompromat——來自政府文件的令人尷尬的消息，特別是包括腐敗或者與前共產(chǎn)主義秘密警察的關(guān)系。但這些消息是出去泄露的，不是購買或者偷的。政治家的私人生活在很大程度上是禁忌，即使是在擁有活躍小報(bào)的國家，比如波蘭。
Historyand political culture explain some differences. In post-war France manyeditors had ties to former resistance networks. Papers are still seen as a means to further political aims, not to make money, says Jean-Clément Texier, an investment banker specialising in media. The French press has always catered to elites, notes Olivier Fleurot, former chief executive of the Financial Times Group: Le Figaro is for the wealthy, Libération for the cultured left, Le Monde for intellectuals. "They have not properly understood what a mass audience wants to see in a newspaper."
歷史和政治文化解釋了一些區(qū)別。在二戰(zhàn)后的法國，許多編輯與前抵抗組織都有聯(lián)系。報(bào)紙仍然被看做是實(shí)現(xiàn)更深遠(yuǎn)的政治目標(biāo)一種手段，而不是為了賺錢，珍克萊門特·特希爾（Jean-Clément Texier），一名專注于媒體的投資銀行家說道。前金融時(shí)報(bào)集團(tuán)首席執(zhí)行官奧利維爾·弗雷洛特指出，法國報(bào)業(yè)一直是為精英服務(wù)：《費(fèi)加羅報(bào)》為富人，《解放報(bào)》為左翼，《世界報(bào)》為知識(shí)分子?！八麄冞€沒有正確地理解大眾讀者想要在報(bào)紙中看到什么?！? Tabloids have an edge when the rest of the media is conformist. Japan's media landscape is dominated by conglomerates, which see themselves as peers of industry and government rather than insurgents. Coverage is dominated by"Press Clubs", groups of reporters from big papers, who often have offices in the ministries they cover. That gives tabloids a special role in investigative reporting, even if they include much hearsay and error. They usually air dirty laundry before the tamer mainstream press dares touch it. In2007 the tabloids broke the allegations of match-fixingin sumo wrestling, the national sport.
當(dāng)其他媒體都墨守成規(guī)時(shí)，小報(bào)就有了優(yōu)勢。綜合性大企業(yè)掌控者日本的媒體格局，這些企業(yè)把媒體看做是工業(yè)和政府的伙伴，而不是叛亂者的。由來自大報(bào)紙的一些記者組成的“新聞俱樂部”掌控者新聞報(bào)道，他們在所報(bào)道范圍的各個(gè)部門都有辦公室。這為小報(bào)們在調(diào)查性報(bào)道中提供了一個(gè)特殊的角色，即使這些報(bào)道包括大量的傳言和錯(cuò)誤。他們通常在溫順的主流媒體敢接觸丑聞之前，將這些丑聞公之于眾。2007年，小報(bào)披露了日本國家運(yùn)動(dòng)——相撲的操縱比賽丑聞。
But themost important reason for the variation in tabloid cultures is economic. If theSun and its rivals are more aggressive than Bild, it is because competition in Britain is more intense than it is in Germany,or anywhere else. Whereas British tabloids are sold on newsstands, which makes sensationalist headlines even more important, Bild is a quasi-monopoly.
但是，造成小報(bào)文化多元化最重要的原因是經(jīng)濟(jì)因素。如果《太陽報(bào)》和他的競爭對手們表現(xiàn)得比《圖片報(bào)》更加富有侵略性，那就是因?yàn)橛母偁幈鹊聡?，或者其他任何地方，都要激烈?！秷D片報(bào)》的銷售處于半壟斷狀態(tài)中，然而英國小報(bào)是在報(bào)攤上出售的，這就使得轟動(dòng)效應(yīng)的大標(biāo)題更加重要。
In America most papers are subscription-based regional monopolies, which leads them to be more balanced in their coverage,says Richard Edmonds of the Poynter Institute, a media think-tank that owns amajority stake in the (Florida)St Petersburg Times. And the few remaining strands of tabloid journalism are being cut, as slimmed-down newspapers focus onlocal fare. What is more, good American tabloid journalists seem in scarce supply, probably a result of sharply varyingethics (think puritanical American professionalism versus anything-goes Britishruthlessness). The New York Post and the National Enquirermore than once felt the need to import British hacks.
理查德·埃德蒙德說道，在美國，大部分的報(bào)紙都是以訂閱為基礎(chǔ)的地域性壟斷的，這使得這些報(bào)紙?jiān)谛侣剤?bào)道更加的均衡。他來自一家名叫Poynter Institute的媒體智囊團(tuán)，這家智囊團(tuán)擁有《圣彼德斯堡時(shí)報(bào)》（佛羅里達(dá)州）的大部分股權(quán)。因?yàn)椤笆萆怼焙蟮膱?bào)紙聚焦本地經(jīng)營，僅存的少數(shù)幾個(gè)小報(bào)正在被裁撤。更重要的是，優(yōu)秀的美國小報(bào)新聞從業(yè)者從供給上來看變得稀少，這可能是倫理道德急劇變化的結(jié)果（想象一下將清教徒式的美國專業(yè)化與隨心所欲的英國式冷酷無情對比）?！度A盛頓郵報(bào)》和《國家詢問者》不只一次的體會(huì)到了引入英國小報(bào)從業(yè)者的需要。
For all their differences, tabloids in most rich countries have one common feature:shrinking circulation. Although the News of the World was Britain's second biggest paper, with a circulation of 2.6m, this was a far cry from the more than 9m it sometimes sold in the 1950s. Bild has lost more than 1.5m buyers since 2001.
盡管他們存在這么多的不同，大多數(shù)富有國家的小報(bào)中存在著一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：萎縮的發(fā)行量。盡管《世界新聞報(bào)》是英國第二大報(bào)紙，發(fā)行量達(dá)260萬份，這與19世紀(jì)50年代900萬份的發(fā)行量相差甚遠(yuǎn)。2001年至今，《圖片報(bào)》已經(jīng)失去了超過150W讀者。
Yet it would be premature to see the closure of the News of the World as the beginning of the end of tabloid journalism. Although tabloid news is in declinein print, it is staging a revival online, where sensationalist headlines attract most clicks. With 40m unique visitors, according to comScore, the website of the Daily Mail, another British tabloid, is the world's second biggest newspaper website after the New York Times. And Bild has found success online. These two join a lively set of tabloid blogs,including the Drudge Report and even the Huffington Post (which launched its British edition on July 6th). After all, as Oscar Wilde reported:"We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars."
然而，將《世界新聞報(bào)》的?？胺Q是小報(bào)業(yè)走向深淵的開端還為時(shí)尚早。盡管小報(bào)的印刷量正在下降，網(wǎng)絡(luò)上它卻表現(xiàn)出復(fù)活的狀態(tài)，爆炸性的標(biāo)題會(huì)吸引最多的點(diǎn)擊量。據(jù)康姆斯科（Comscore，美國網(wǎng)絡(luò)趨勢調(diào)查公司）稱，擁有4000萬獨(dú)立訪問者的另一家英國小報(bào)《每日郵刊》網(wǎng)站，是僅次于《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》網(wǎng)站的全球第二大報(bào)紙網(wǎng)站?！秷D片報(bào)》也在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上行得到了成功。這兩家加入到了一系列活躍的小報(bào)博客之中，包括《德拉吉報(bào)道》，甚至《哈芬頓郵報(bào)》（7月6號發(fā)生了其英國版）。畢竟，正像奧斯卡·王爾德所寫：“我們都處境艱難，但是我們當(dāng)中的一些人仍很樂觀?！?