中考定語從句解析

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中考總復習之定語從句專項詳解巧練
    1. 定語從句的概念:在復合句中,用來修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞,定語從句必須放在先行詞之后,對先行詞起修飾限定作用。
    e.g. He is the man who I want to see.
    先行詞 關(guān)系詞 定語從句
    2. 定語從句的引導詞:
    定語從句的引導詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who (whom, whose)和關(guān)系副詞where, when, why兩種,關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間,起聯(lián)系作用,同時又在定語從句中充當一定成分。
    3. 關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句:
    ①如果先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞,關(guān)系代詞應用who (whom, whose) 和that。
    e.g. This is Xiao Wang who / that gave us a talk yesterday. (who / that在從句中作主語)
    這就是昨天給我們作報告的小王。
    The man whom / that you saw last week has left the town. (whom / that在從句中作賓語)
    上周你看見的那個人已離開了城鎮(zhèn)。
    I know the woman whose husband is a doctor. (whose在從句中作定語)
    我認識的那個婦女,她的丈夫是個醫(yī)生。
    ②如果先行詞是表示物的名詞或代詞時,則用which或that。
    e.g. Guilin is a city which / that has a history of 2000 years. (which / that在從句子中作主語)
    桂林是座具有2000年歷史的城市。
    The mooncakes which / that mother cooked taste nice. (which / that在從句中作賓語)
    媽媽做的月餅很好吃。
    4. 關(guān)系代詞引導定語從句應該注意的幾個方面:
    ①關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時,從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復數(shù)應由先行詞決定。
    e.g.The man who lives downstairs speaks English well.
    住在樓下的那個人英語說得很好。
    The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
    3年級的學生明天去爬山。
    ②當關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時,往往可以省略。
    e.g. Mrs. Smith (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
    你昨天碰見的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。
    This is the book (which) you are looking for.
    這是那本你正在找的書。
    There are some films (that) I’d like to see. 有幾部電影我想去看。
    ③口語中作為賓語的關(guān)系代詞whom也可用who,且也可以省略。
    e.g. The man (whom / who) you were talking about has come to our school.