國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則的由來(lái)
1-1 課文:In order to provide a set of uniform rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade, ICC first published in 1936 a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms known as “Incoterms 2000”。
核心句:to provide a set of rules for the interpretation of trade terms in foreign trade, ICC published international rules……
注釋:
In order to: 為了……
Commonly: 一般的,通常的,普遍的 = generally, usually
Interpretation : 解釋,說(shuō)明
Trade terms: 貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ) (另外:比如 trade practices 貿(mào)易慣例 trade contract 貿(mào)易合同 等)
ICC:全稱:International Chamber of Commerce.國(guó)際商會(huì)。
Incoterms: 全稱:International Commercial Terms 國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則
Be known as: 統(tǒng)稱為……,以……著稱
這句話大致的意思是:為了給國(guó)際貿(mào)易中普遍使用的貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)提供一套解釋的統(tǒng)一規(guī)則,國(guó)際商會(huì)與1936年發(fā)布了一套用于詮釋這些貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的國(guó)際規(guī)則,統(tǒng)稱為“國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則2000”。
1-2 課文:Later amendments and additions were made to it to bring the rules in line with current international trade practices.
注釋:
Later : 稍候,隨后 (另外latest: 近的,新的)
Amendment: 修改,修正(尤指對(duì)規(guī)則,法律,聲明等條款的修正,修訂,修改)
Addition: 增加物(在這里是指添加的條款和內(nèi)容)中 華 考 試 網(wǎng)
In line with: 與……一致,與……相同 (相反的是:out of line with)
Current: 現(xiàn)今的,當(dāng)代的,時(shí)下的
Trade practices: 國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例,國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)踐
這句話大致意思是:以后又對(duì)此通則作了修改和補(bǔ)充,以便使這些規(guī)則適應(yīng)當(dāng)前國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)踐的發(fā)展。
1-3 The latest edition is “Incoterms 2000”, which includes 13 different international trade terms. Each term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessities as export license, customs clearance, inspections, and other obligations.
注釋:
Edition: ( 書籍,書刊等的)版本,版次。
Specify: 具體說(shuō)明,詳細(xì)說(shuō)明,規(guī)定(名詞:specification: 說(shuō)明書)
Whether……or……: 是……還是……
Be responsible for: 負(fù)責(zé)……,承擔(dān)……責(zé)任
Necessity: 必須,需要(在這里是指“必須要做的事”)
Export license: 出口許可證
Inspection: 檢驗(yàn) (商品檢驗(yàn):commodity inspection)
Obligation: 職責(zé),義務(wù)
后一句話我們可以換成這樣一句來(lái)理解:
Each term specifies the traders must bear each relevant responsibility and obligation.即貿(mào)易商必須承擔(dān)(bear)各自相關(guān)的責(zé)任和義務(wù)。
這段話大致的意思是:新的版本是“國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則2000”,它包含了13個(gè)不同的國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)。每一個(gè)貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)都明確規(guī)定由誰(shuí)來(lái)辦理出口許可證,出口清關(guān),商品檢驗(yàn)及其他義務(wù)。
1-4 They specify at which point the risk of loss and/or damage passes from seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities.
注釋:
They = 13 trade termswww.Examw.com
Point: 在這里是一個(gè)抽象的概念,指“在空間或者時(shí)間真實(shí)的或想象當(dāng)中的某一點(diǎn)”例如:at this point = at this moment / at this place (在此刻,在此地)
Risk: 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
Activity: 活動(dòng),行為(復(fù)數(shù)形式尤指“所作的事務(wù),待做的工作”)
這句話我們理解為:The 13 trade terms specify the transfer of risks(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)移)and division of costs.(費(fèi)用的劃分)
這句話大致的意思是:這13個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)還明確了丟失及/或損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在哪一點(diǎn)由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移到買方,以及哪方面承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的費(fèi)用。
1-5 A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms, therefore, will have a mutual understanding of their rights, costs, and obligations.
注釋:
Conduct: 管理,經(jīng)營(yíng),處理=manage, control
Purchase:購(gòu)買 = buy
Mutual: 相互的,彼此的 (have a mutual understanding: 對(duì)于……達(dá)到共識(shí))
Therefore: 因此,為此
這句話的大致意思是:買方和賣方如果采用通則中的一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)做貿(mào)易的話,就會(huì)清楚雙方各自的權(quán)利、需支付的費(fèi)用以及各自的義務(wù)。
裝運(yùn)時(shí)間的規(guī)定
1-1 課文:When buyer and seller discuss the terms of the contract, terms of shipment are compulsory.
注釋:discuss: 討論,協(xié)商 terms of contract: 合同條款 terms of shipment: 裝運(yùn)條款 compulsory: 必須的,強(qiáng)迫的
這句話的大致意思是:當(dāng)買賣雙方討論合同條款是,裝運(yùn)條款是必不可少的。
1-2 課文:Terms of shipment include methods of transport, time of shipment, partial shipment and transshipment, port or place of loading and unloading, shipment documents, etc. Here only time of shipment will be discussed.
核心句:Terms of shipment include……
注釋:methods of transport: 運(yùn)輸方式 time of shipment: 裝運(yùn)時(shí)間 partial shipment: 分批裝運(yùn) transshipment: 轉(zhuǎn)船 shipment documents: 裝運(yùn)單據(jù)
在貿(mào)易合同中必須明確規(guī)定是否分批裝運(yùn),是否轉(zhuǎn)船,如果沒(méi)有明確規(guī)定,則視為允許分批裝運(yùn)或者轉(zhuǎn)船
這句話大致意思是:裝運(yùn)條款包括運(yùn)輸方式,裝運(yùn)時(shí)間,分批裝運(yùn)和轉(zhuǎn)船的規(guī)定,裝貨和卸貨的港口或者地方,裝運(yùn)單據(jù),等等。這里需要協(xié)商的是裝運(yùn)的時(shí)間。
1-3課文: Time of shipment refers to the time limit for loading the goods on board the vessel at port of shipment (If shipment is made by sea.)。
注釋:limit: 規(guī)定,約束,限制 on board the vessel: 裝上船
這句話大致意思是:裝船時(shí)間是指規(guī)定貨物在裝運(yùn)港碼頭裝上船的時(shí)間(海運(yùn)條件下)
1-1 課文:In order to provide a set of uniform rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade, ICC first published in 1936 a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms known as “Incoterms 2000”。
核心句:to provide a set of rules for the interpretation of trade terms in foreign trade, ICC published international rules……
注釋:
In order to: 為了……
Commonly: 一般的,通常的,普遍的 = generally, usually
Interpretation : 解釋,說(shuō)明
Trade terms: 貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ) (另外:比如 trade practices 貿(mào)易慣例 trade contract 貿(mào)易合同 等)
ICC:全稱:International Chamber of Commerce.國(guó)際商會(huì)。
Incoterms: 全稱:International Commercial Terms 國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則
Be known as: 統(tǒng)稱為……,以……著稱
這句話大致的意思是:為了給國(guó)際貿(mào)易中普遍使用的貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)提供一套解釋的統(tǒng)一規(guī)則,國(guó)際商會(huì)與1936年發(fā)布了一套用于詮釋這些貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的國(guó)際規(guī)則,統(tǒng)稱為“國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則2000”。
1-2 課文:Later amendments and additions were made to it to bring the rules in line with current international trade practices.
注釋:
Later : 稍候,隨后 (另外latest: 近的,新的)
Amendment: 修改,修正(尤指對(duì)規(guī)則,法律,聲明等條款的修正,修訂,修改)
Addition: 增加物(在這里是指添加的條款和內(nèi)容)中 華 考 試 網(wǎng)
In line with: 與……一致,與……相同 (相反的是:out of line with)
Current: 現(xiàn)今的,當(dāng)代的,時(shí)下的
Trade practices: 國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例,國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)踐
這句話大致意思是:以后又對(duì)此通則作了修改和補(bǔ)充,以便使這些規(guī)則適應(yīng)當(dāng)前國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)踐的發(fā)展。
1-3 The latest edition is “Incoterms 2000”, which includes 13 different international trade terms. Each term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessities as export license, customs clearance, inspections, and other obligations.
注釋:
Edition: ( 書籍,書刊等的)版本,版次。
Specify: 具體說(shuō)明,詳細(xì)說(shuō)明,規(guī)定(名詞:specification: 說(shuō)明書)
Whether……or……: 是……還是……
Be responsible for: 負(fù)責(zé)……,承擔(dān)……責(zé)任
Necessity: 必須,需要(在這里是指“必須要做的事”)
Export license: 出口許可證
Inspection: 檢驗(yàn) (商品檢驗(yàn):commodity inspection)
Obligation: 職責(zé),義務(wù)
后一句話我們可以換成這樣一句來(lái)理解:
Each term specifies the traders must bear each relevant responsibility and obligation.即貿(mào)易商必須承擔(dān)(bear)各自相關(guān)的責(zé)任和義務(wù)。
這段話大致的意思是:新的版本是“國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則2000”,它包含了13個(gè)不同的國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)。每一個(gè)貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)都明確規(guī)定由誰(shuí)來(lái)辦理出口許可證,出口清關(guān),商品檢驗(yàn)及其他義務(wù)。
1-4 They specify at which point the risk of loss and/or damage passes from seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities.
注釋:
They = 13 trade termswww.Examw.com
Point: 在這里是一個(gè)抽象的概念,指“在空間或者時(shí)間真實(shí)的或想象當(dāng)中的某一點(diǎn)”例如:at this point = at this moment / at this place (在此刻,在此地)
Risk: 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
Activity: 活動(dòng),行為(復(fù)數(shù)形式尤指“所作的事務(wù),待做的工作”)
這句話我們理解為:The 13 trade terms specify the transfer of risks(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)移)and division of costs.(費(fèi)用的劃分)
這句話大致的意思是:這13個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)還明確了丟失及/或損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在哪一點(diǎn)由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移到買方,以及哪方面承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的費(fèi)用。
1-5 A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms, therefore, will have a mutual understanding of their rights, costs, and obligations.
注釋:
Conduct: 管理,經(jīng)營(yíng),處理=manage, control
Purchase:購(gòu)買 = buy
Mutual: 相互的,彼此的 (have a mutual understanding: 對(duì)于……達(dá)到共識(shí))
Therefore: 因此,為此
這句話的大致意思是:買方和賣方如果采用通則中的一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)做貿(mào)易的話,就會(huì)清楚雙方各自的權(quán)利、需支付的費(fèi)用以及各自的義務(wù)。
裝運(yùn)時(shí)間的規(guī)定
1-1 課文:When buyer and seller discuss the terms of the contract, terms of shipment are compulsory.
注釋:discuss: 討論,協(xié)商 terms of contract: 合同條款 terms of shipment: 裝運(yùn)條款 compulsory: 必須的,強(qiáng)迫的
這句話的大致意思是:當(dāng)買賣雙方討論合同條款是,裝運(yùn)條款是必不可少的。
1-2 課文:Terms of shipment include methods of transport, time of shipment, partial shipment and transshipment, port or place of loading and unloading, shipment documents, etc. Here only time of shipment will be discussed.
核心句:Terms of shipment include……
注釋:methods of transport: 運(yùn)輸方式 time of shipment: 裝運(yùn)時(shí)間 partial shipment: 分批裝運(yùn) transshipment: 轉(zhuǎn)船 shipment documents: 裝運(yùn)單據(jù)
在貿(mào)易合同中必須明確規(guī)定是否分批裝運(yùn),是否轉(zhuǎn)船,如果沒(méi)有明確規(guī)定,則視為允許分批裝運(yùn)或者轉(zhuǎn)船
這句話大致意思是:裝運(yùn)條款包括運(yùn)輸方式,裝運(yùn)時(shí)間,分批裝運(yùn)和轉(zhuǎn)船的規(guī)定,裝貨和卸貨的港口或者地方,裝運(yùn)單據(jù),等等。這里需要協(xié)商的是裝運(yùn)的時(shí)間。
1-3課文: Time of shipment refers to the time limit for loading the goods on board the vessel at port of shipment (If shipment is made by sea.)。
注釋:limit: 規(guī)定,約束,限制 on board the vessel: 裝上船
這句話大致意思是:裝船時(shí)間是指規(guī)定貨物在裝運(yùn)港碼頭裝上船的時(shí)間(海運(yùn)條件下)