為大家整理的2013年考研英語試題答案解析，供大家參考。
2013年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試 英語一試題詳解 Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choosethe best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day. To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 . He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 . 1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers 2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external 3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment 4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle [D] Above all 5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless 6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for 7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless 8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test 9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success 10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified 11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise 12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured 13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged 14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took 15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather 16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced 17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below 18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate 19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard 20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful 答案： 1-5: ADCAB 6-10: BADDA 11-15: DCBDB 16-20: CACBC 答案詳解： 2013年的完型填空是一篇選自《經(jīng)濟學人》名為A Question of Judgment的文章。講述的是有關(guān)判斷的問題。這類文章出現(xiàn)在今年的考研真題中，符合考研英語歷年的出題形式。但是考生在沒有掌握單詞基本知識和解題技巧的情況下也會感到很困難。 相較于2012年的完型來說，今年的考題適中。考查的詞匯部分涉及到名詞、動詞、形容詞和介詞。其中，動詞考查的頻率高，占完型部分考題的35%。第4、7、15和17題考察了邏輯連接題，占完型題目的20%。考生要在掌握上下文結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上準確完成這類考題。其次，在文章考查點里有兩處涉及到了后置定語的語法知識，即第5和第10題。一處是形容詞加介詞構(gòu)成后置定語，一處是過去分詞作后置定語，而這兩點在跨考一階的講義中，各位語法老師已經(jīng)跟考生們專門講解過。后期陸陸續(xù)續(xù)的閱讀和寫作課里，也是反復提到的語法點。 遵循以往完型填空的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，今年的考題仍然秉承了總分的結(jié)構(gòu)。第一段引出話題并介紹Dr. Simonsohn 的觀點。第二、三、四段具體介紹了Dr. Simonsohn為證明理論采取的實驗以及后的發(fā)現(xiàn)。而且在文章第一句話就給出了整篇文章的中心主線—People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. 總之2013年的考題在日常強調(diào)的“單詞加技巧等于高分”的解題方式下，定會被迎刃而解。 1. [標準答案] [A] [考點分析] 上下文語義和詞匯辨析 [選項分析] 本題考查動詞。根據(jù)上下文意思，首先可以排除[B]和[D]。這句話中 that 引導一個定語從句，主要是說這一優(yōu)勢賦予了一種特定的能力。[C]中transmit 為 傳播，不符合上下文意思。 2. [標準答案] [D] [考點分析] 上下文語義 [選項分析] which are unbiased 這個定語從句做插入語修飾 judgment。這句話的意思是“通過XXX因素作出公正判決的能力”，由此可以排除[A] 和 [B]。做這一題時，我們需要理解第一句話，給我們提供了一個大的背景和條件。第一句話說“人們不擅長利用背景信息作決定”，所以可以推出這兒并不是“通過關(guān)鍵信息”來做出公正的判決，而是通過其它一些信息，如外部的信息，作出判決。根據(jù)上下文意思，可以推出 [D] 為正確答案。 3. [標準答案] [C] [考點分析] 上下文語義和固定搭配 [選項分析] big picture 是一個固定搭配，指(事情的)主要部分;重點，故選[A]。其它詞語與big 搭配，均沒有這層意思。 4. [標準答案] [A] [考點分析] 邏輯銜接題 [選項分析] 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系判斷，在提出一個觀點之后，接下來就是進行例證。選項中只有[A] 表示“例如”，符合這一邏輯關(guān)系，故選[A]。[B]表示“平均”的意思;[C]為“大體上，原則上”;[D] 為“首先”，均不符合。 5. [標準答案] [B] [考點分析] 上下文語義和詞匯辨析 [選項分析] 這四個選項均可以與介詞 of 搭配，[A] 表示“喜歡”， [B] 表示“害怕，恐怕”， [C] 表示“能夠，具有…能力”， [D] 表示“輕率的，考慮不周的”。of 后面的短語作 judge 的定語，這句話意思是“XXX地顯得對犯罪太過軟弱的法官可能更傾向于給被告作出判刑的判決”。根據(jù)上下文的意思，可以排除 [A] 和 [D]。而“顯得對犯罪太過軟弱”顯然不是某種能力，故可以排除[C] 選項。根據(jù)上下文意思，害怕顯得過于軟弱的法官，才會更傾向于作出較嚴厲的判決。故選[B]。 6. [標準答案] [B] [考點分析] 介詞搭配 [選項分析] soft on sb/sth 是一個固定搭配詞組，表示“對某人/某事態(tài)度偏軟，不夠嚴厲”的意思，故選[B]。 7.標準答案A 考點分析 邏輯銜接題 選項分析 前半句含義是“一個擔心自己會犯罪行為上表現(xiàn)的過分軟弱的法官可能會判人入獄”，后半句含義是“當天他已經(jīng)判五到六個人緩刑”兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系明顯為假設(shè)。A if 表示假設(shè)“如果”。B until “直到。。。才。。。”。C though “然而”，表轉(zhuǎn)折。D unless “除非”，表讓步。前半句是結(jié)果主句，后半句是一個假設(shè)條件，所以選C 8.標準答案 D?？键c分析 上下文語義及動詞辨析 選項分析 本句話是說要進行試驗來驗證觀點?？崭窈蟮拿~idea作賓語，對決定動詞十分關(guān)鍵。 動詞意思應為“測試”。A promote “促進”。B emphasize “強調(diào)”。C share “分享”。D test “測試”。只有D 選項和“觀點”搭配，符合語境。 9.標準答案 D?？键c分析 上下文語義及名詞辨析 選項分析 本句話含義是講其中一個申請者與其他申請在面試中的關(guān)系。申請者希望成功。A decisioin “選擇”。B quality “質(zhì)量”。C status “身份”。D success “成功”。只有D 項搭配，符合語境。 10.標準答案 A?？键c分析 后置定語 選項分析 本句意為測試中隨機選出的其他申請者。A chosen “選出”。B stupid “笨的”。C found “發(fā)現(xiàn)”。D identified “識別”。只有A 選項和申請者搭配意為選出來的申請者，符合語境。 11.標準答案 D?？键c分析 邏輯銜接題 選項分析 后半句開頭的but已經(jīng)暗示了下文的連接詞。內(nèi)容上前半句意為一個申請者的面試成功和其他申請者沒有關(guān)系，后半句意為西蒙森懷疑事實。明顯是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。A exceptional “例外的”。B defensible “可防御的”。C replaceable “可替換的”。D otherwise “相反的”。只有D項可以表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選D。 12. 標準答案 C?？键c分析 后置定語 選項分析 本句前半句是說西蒙森研究了面試者的結(jié)果，后半句含義是招生辦官員。所以這里應該是招生辦官員舉行面試，后半句做后置定語。A inspire “鼓舞”。B expressed “表達”。C conducted “舉行”。D secured “保護”。所以結(jié)合上下文可以得出只有C項符合語境。 13.標準答案B 考點分析 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析 選項分析 文中句子含義為，“面試官有13個申請者一到五級打分”A .assign 分配;指派; 將財產(chǎn)過戶(尤指過戶給債權(quán)人)B .rate 認為;估價，C.match 使比賽D .arrange 安排，根據(jù)上下文含義，應選B. 14.[標準答案] [D] [考點分析] 固定搭配。 題干This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. 空格處需要動詞一個。因為后面有into consideration. 所以選took. Take into consideration 是把什么考慮在內(nèi)的意思。 15.B。本題考查邏輯關(guān)系，通過上下文應該選擇一個表順承先后順序的詞，只有B項then合適。 16. [標準答案] [C] [考點分析] 上下文語義和邏輯關(guān)系 [選項分析] 這句話 which 引導一個定語從句，修飾 exam，考試都有一個總分，這句話的意思是說“以800分計算的標準測試”，可以排除[A]、[B]和 [D]選項。mark 表示“得分”，符合原文意思，故選[C]。 17. [標準答案] [A] [考點分析] 上下文語義和邏輯關(guān)系 [選項分析] 根據(jù)詞語的意思和搭配，可以排除 [C] 和 [D] 選項。這題的選擇必須與后面一題聯(lián)系起來進行選擇，這句話說“前面候選者的分數(shù)比XXX的候選者高0.75分”，則“下一個候選者則XXX”，由此可知，“前面的候選者”肯定不能是比他后面的人分數(shù)高，排除[B]。[A] 選項符合上下文邏輯關(guān)系，故選[A]。 18.B. 根據(jù)上下文意思，是一種up和down 的趨勢，17空前面是up趨勢，所以18謂語動詞應該選“下降”的趨勢的動詞，A,B,C,D之中明顯的表下降的是B項， drop相對于前面的high。 19.B。根據(jù)上下文應該選一個“消除”影響的含義的動詞，答案當中B項和A,C相反，B是“消除”即“不會產(chǎn)生”，符合上下文。 20.C。本題需要找個形容詞修飾points, A 項promising “有前途的，有希望的”;意思不合適，很明顯B,C,D當中C項necessary符合上下文。 Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment. This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals. Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste. Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off. Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it. 21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her [A] poor bargaining skill. [B] insensitivity to fashion. [C] obsession with high fashion. [D]lack of imagination. 22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to [A] combat unnecessary waste. [B] shut out the feverish fashion world. [C] resist the influence of advertisements. [D] shop for their garments more frequently. 23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to [A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm. [C] indifference. [D] tolerance. 24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? [A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists. [B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability. [C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments. [D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing. 25. What is the subject of the text? [A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle. [B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth. [C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry. [D] Exposure of a mass-market secret. 答案： BDCCD Text 2 An old saw has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy. In the past couple of weeks three deals and a quarrel have illustrated the value to advertisers (and their suppliers of software) of such fine-grained information. Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission? In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests. On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with Windows 8, a new incarnation of the software firm's operating system, would have DNT as a default. Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, one of the groups in the DAA, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. “They'll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.” It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies (including Twitter) have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft's default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway. Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to rile Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple? 26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to: [A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs [C] avoid complaints from consumers [D]provide better online services 27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to: [A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors [C] digital information analysis [D]internet browser developers 28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default [A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry [C] will not benefit consumers [D]goes against human nature 29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6? [A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose [B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT [C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers [D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads 30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of: [A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciation [D] skepticism 答案： BDCAD 詳解： 26. 標準答案：B 考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力。此類題目的解題關(guān)鍵在于根據(jù)題干信息定位，本題的“Paragraph 1”，“behavioural”即為定位信息。 選項分析：根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“this fraction can be much reduced”在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代，至少在理論上，被浪費的那一部分資金中，有很多都可以節(jié)省下來。對應文章“half of all advertising budgets are wasted”。故B項“降低運營成本”是文章的同義改寫。ABD項文章均為提到。 27. 標準答案：D 考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力。根據(jù)題干中已經(jīng)給出了具體信息點“The industry”應回第三段定位。 選項分析：根據(jù)題干信息“the industry”可推測the為前文指代，所以應當定位到該句之前，文章內(nèi)容為：“摩斯拉(Mozilla)的火狐(Firefox)、微軟(Microsoft)的IE(Internet Explorer)及蘋果的瀏覽器Safari都有“不允許跟蹤”選項;今年，谷歌也將在Chrome中加入這一功能”，由此可推斷出選項D“網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器開發(fā)商”為正確選項。 28. 標準答案：C 考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力。結(jié)合題干中所給出的人名“Bob Liodice”以及專有名詞DNT和“default”可回文章定位到第五段。 選項分析：文章中Bob Liodice稱，“如果廣告商不能收集有關(guān)用戶偏好的信息，那么這對于消費者來說將更為不利?！痹闹小癱onsumers will be worse off”對應C選項“will not benefit consumers”，“將對消費者不利”，因此C應為正確答案。A項與原文相反，“垃圾廣告”不是減少而是增加。B項“對廣告業(yè)沒有影響”以及D項“違背人性”均與文章不符。 29. 標準答案：A 考點分析：此題考查考生對文章的細節(jié)信息的把握能力，關(guān)鍵在于定位和辨別細節(jié)信息。 選項分析：根據(jù)題干信息提示，我們不難定位到文章第六段后一句的后半部分“…some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.” 一些公司可能忽略“不允許跟蹤”信號，繼續(xù)記錄用戶的在線行為。所以推知"不允許跟蹤"可能不會起到預期的作用。選項B廣告商很樂意實行“不允許跟蹤”與本段第一句話“It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. 廣告商們會對此作何反應仍不清楚”不符。選項C"不允許跟蹤"已經(jīng)不再收到消費者的歡迎與本段第一句和后一句內(nèi)容“…some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.” 不符;選項C廣告商被迫提供"行為"廣告與文中“Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking…”不相符。 30. 標準答案：D 考點分析：此題考查考生對作者觀點態(tài)度的把握。根據(jù)自然段定位法可定位到文章的后一段。 選項分析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息Brendon Lynch我們主要定位到文章后一段的倒數(shù)第二句以及后一句。Brendon Lynch“在博客中寫道：‘我們認為用戶應該有更大的話語權(quán)?！本o接著后一句“Could it really be that simple? 真的是這么簡單嗎?”體現(xiàn)了作者的態(tài)度。A項意為“縱容”;B項為““理解”之義;選項C為“感激”之義;D項為“懷疑”。因此只有D項符合作者本意，故為正確答案。 Text 3 Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all. Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to. But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline." So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence . Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future. But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves. This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. 31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by [A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology [C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity 32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are [A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment [C] the world’s dominant power [D] a misplaced race 33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5? [A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies. [B] Technology offers solutions to social problem. [C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise. [D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive. 34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to [A] explore our planet’s abundant resources [B] adopt an optimistic view of the world [C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history 35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? [A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species [C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science, Technology and Humanity 答案：31-35: BBDCA 答案詳解： 31. B 【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息，our vision of the future used to定位為文章第一段。B選項為答案，我們的對未來的想象曾經(jīng)被我們對于科技的信心所鼓舞。 A 選項錯誤原因為因果倒置，lives of fulfillment是由science and technololgy導致，與文章題干要求our vision of future 無關(guān)。C選項為無中生有，也未提到awareness of potential risks的概念。D選項equal opportunity為opportunity for all所有人都有相等的機會的曲解。 32.B 【解析】推理題。文章問題是“Red List”表明人類怎么是什么。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章的第三段。Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read….根據(jù)threatened species知道是被威脅的物種，同時后面的the Conversation of Nature知道是對自然的。那這個“threatened”被人類威脅就很明顯。 33. D 【解析】判斷題。 A 選項定位在it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.這里根本就沒有講限制。這2句話是說要讓科幻小說的作者和未來學家去探索我們能現(xiàn)象的可能性。.這里發(fā)表的Arc根本就沒有講限制。A 排除B講科技，但是文章說完The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated,講科技和它的社會意義。后面一句 and it's perhaps best…能看得到轉(zhuǎn)折。文章也沒有提到solution，也沒有提到社會問題(social problem). C 選項是說對科幻小說的興趣在上升(on the rise)但是整段都沒有說到這個趨勢。D選項定位文章第一句話 Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.從這句話能推測出immediate future是比漫長的時標更難的事情，也是更不易察覺的。 34. C 【解析】細節(jié)題。 定位的是future of the mankind ,文章第6段，同時有個很重要的標點符號冒號，說明the past holds the key to the future: 一直在點號之前都是這句話的具體解釋。也就是說這句強調(diào)the past 的關(guān)鍵性，所以選擇C。A項B項和D項都跟內(nèi)容無關(guān)。 35. A 【解析】主旨題 文章好的題目是A選項，對未來的不確定性。文章第一段講過去人們對于未來的想象，第二，三段為對現(xiàn)在的看法。第四段至后一段為對未來的不確定性。B選項為人類的演化，C選項為人類美好的前景，D選項科學，技術(shù)與人類不是文章的主旨 。顧答案為A。 Text 4 On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states. In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization "and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones. Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately "occupied the field" and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers. However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues. Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts. The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as "a shocking assertion of federal executive power". The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with. Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. 36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they [A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers. [B] disturbed the power balance between different states. [C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law. [D] contradicted both the federal and state policies. 37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4? [A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information. [B] States’ independence from federal immigration law. [C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement. [D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement. 38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts [A] violated the Constitution. [B] undermined the states’ interests. [C] supported the federal statute. [D] stood in favor of the states. 39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement [A] outweighs that held by the states. [B] is dependent on the states’ support. [C] is established by federal statutes. [D] rarely goes against state laws. 40. What can be learned from the last paragraph? [A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress. [B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration. [C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress. [D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues. 答案：36- CCDAD 答案詳解： 36. 標準答案: C 考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力 選項分析：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞 three provisions of Arizona定位到文中第二段。第一句提到Arizona計劃的三個部分被*是讓州和地方警察實施聯(lián)邦移民法律。這句話沒有相對應選項，所以看到后面一句，意思是憲法的規(guī)則是毋庸置疑的，它認為華盛頓本身就有建立一個統(tǒng)一的自然化的規(guī)則的權(quán)力，而且認為聯(lián)邦法律優(yōu)先于州法律。所以被*就是因為它超越了聯(lián)邦移民法的權(quán)威。此題也可在第三段第二句話，因為它提到on the overturned provision, 意思是大部分人認為議會故意占據(jù)了領(lǐng)地，Arizona因此侵犯了聯(lián)邦的享有特權(quán)的權(quán)力。所以，答案是B 37. 標準答案: C 考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力 選項分析：根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞the Justice 和Paragraph 4, 就可以準確定位在第四段。因為是判斷正誤題，我們就可以采用排除的方法。通過觀察選項，發(fā)現(xiàn)B.C都是圍繞State, 我們就可以先找關(guān)于它的內(nèi)容。第四段第二句話提到，議會通常想象聯(lián)邦和州一起實施移民法律，而且明確鼓勵州和聯(lián)邦的官員共享信息以及合作。所以C選項，即州在移民實施方面的合法的作用，是正確答案。 38. 標準答案: D 考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的推理引申能力 選項分析：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph 5和the Alien and Sedition, 就可以精確定位在第五段第二句話的后，也就是回歸到the Alien and Sedition法案的州特權(quán)，所以和法案有關(guān)聯(lián)的就是選項D. 而且我們也不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，B和D是一對矛盾選項，通過閱讀文章，排除D. 39. 標準答案: A 考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力 選項分析：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞the White House, 定位在第六段。后一句提到白宮聲稱它能夠使任何它不同意的州法律不合法，也就是選項A. 40. 標準答案: D 考點分析：此題考查考生對文章主旨的把握能力 選項分析：根據(jù)前三段得出文章的主旨和移民法律有關(guān)，只有A和D提到，答案在其中之一。而A是說通常被議會決定，和本段第三段句話內(nèi)容沖突。所以答案是D. Part B: (10 points) Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000. Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity. (42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction . Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____ When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful. The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate. The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems. [A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere,such as policy briefs. [B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords. [C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies. [D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones. [E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy. [F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development . [G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%. 答案：41-45：EFBGC 答案詳解 ： 文章來源于Luk Van Langenhon在《自然》雜志中關(guān)于對社會科學研究的資金未來取向，他的論據(jù)從社會科學的投資收益率角度，建議我們應該資助解決在各學科大環(huán)境下的大問題的研究。 41.[正確答案] ：E [考點分析] 復現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)+代詞紙帶關(guān)系定位 [選項分析] 此題為段中空，因此此空所填內(nèi)容是由其上下文決定的。上句中Yet this enormous resource 沒有對如今的global challenges做出足夠的貢獻，這些global challenges 包括 climate change, security, sustainable development and health. E選項中These issues指代上句中的各種global challenges，并且all have root causes in human behavior解釋了為什么說this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges。因此E 選項為正確答案。 42.[正確答案]：F [考點分析] 上下文邏輯關(guān)系定位 [選項分析] 此題為段首空，其內(nèi)容由下一句決定?？蘸笳fThis is a shame，那么此句之前，即空中所填的內(nèi)容一定是一個讓人感覺 shameful的事情。只有F 選項中many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems 是應該羞愧的事情。因此可以確定F 選項為正確答案 43.[正確答案]：B [考點分析] 復現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)定位 [選項分析] 此題為段尾空，其內(nèi)容由上句確定。上一句句子主要意思是包括關(guān)鍵詞environmental changed 和 climate change 的論文的數(shù)量迅速增長.，根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容一致性原則，下面應該繼續(xù)講此類論文的數(shù)量問題。只有選項B 中繼續(xù)說，“然而，這些數(shù)量還是很小的”，從內(nèi)容上來說銜接十分緊密，因此B 為正確答案。 44.[正確答案]：G [考點分析] 代詞指代關(guān)系定位 [選項分析] 此題為段中空，其內(nèi)容由其上下句決定?？蘸竺婢渥诱fthis is an adequate amount，這是一個充足的數(shù)字。那么空中一定要出現(xiàn)的是一些數(shù)字，而選項中提到數(shù)字的只有B 和G 選項。B 選擇數(shù)字之前直接說明the numbers are still small，數(shù)字仍然很小，與空后面說充足的數(shù)量矛盾，故排除。G 選項national spending …varied from around 4% to 25%, 符合空中所要求的內(nèi)容，故為正確答案。 45.[正確答案]：C [考點分析] 復現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)定位+代詞指代關(guān)系定位 [選項分析] 此題為段中空，其內(nèi)容由其上下句確定?？蘸竺嬗袀€代詞that 并且說明That should create more collaborative endeavors 那將帶來一個“合作性的”endeavors. C選項中the idea is to force social to integrate 也就是整合 their work with other categories。Integrate 與collaborative 同義復現(xiàn)，故為正確答案。 Section III Translation 46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression. One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand. Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “l(fā)iberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms. 答案 46. 然而當人們觀看那些由無家可歸的人創(chuàng)建的花園的照片時，人們能會深深的震撼。因為這些花園不僅風格各異，在它的裝飾和創(chuàng)造性之外，也透露出了其他其他基本的訴求。 47. 然而，一塊神圣的和平之地，或許可能是粗糙的，但它都是一種人類本能的需求，和庇護所相反，那只是動物的本能需求。 48 無家可歸的人的花園，事實上是無家可歸的花園。 它城市環(huán)境引入了一種形式。這些城市要么沒有，要么沒有如此顯眼的花園 49.我們當中大多數(shù)人都屈服于精神上的敗壞，我們經(jīng)常把這種精神上的敗壞推卸到心理環(huán)境上，直到有一天我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于一個花園當中，并感受到這種壓迫感不可思議的消失了。 50. 正是這種隱含或外露的對自然的提及充分地證實了對花園這個單詞的使用，盡管是從一種解放的意義上來說，描述了這些綜合建設(shè)。 詳解： 2013年的翻譯文章選自一本小品文集：Gardens: An Essay on the Human Condition。同往常一樣，英語一的翻譯文章，出題人習慣于從某一書中去改編。2013年考研英語一翻譯這篇文章就改編自這本書的59頁到61頁其中一篇。 今年的翻譯題總體的感覺是句子的結(jié)構(gòu)不太難，但是很多的詞匯成為表達的難點，當然，考到了一些重要的核心的詞匯，都在課堂上講到過，后沖刺班講的介詞短語“雖然、盡管”的意思介詞短語是固定的短語是確定的，所以說表達起來并不是太難。 總體來說，五個翻譯句子涉及到了分詞作定語、定語從句、狀語從句以及插入語的翻譯。第46題考查了時間狀語從句和it引導的形式主語句的翻譯。第47和49題都有關(guān)于定語從句的翻譯。同時，第47題和50題都考查到了插入語的翻譯?？忌谟⒎瓭h的時候建議采用拆分組合的方法來解題。即，首先將主句的主謂賓弄清楚，然后按照意群劃分句子，后在按照漢語的表達習慣，將各部分意群串成一個完整的，合乎中文表達方式的句子。 46【句子分析】本句的主干為：it strikes one，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語為that引導的主語從句。句首是when 引導的時間狀語從句。Beyond后的that指代的是上文的diversity。For all在句中是“盡管”的意思。 【譯文】然而當人們觀看那些由無家可歸的人創(chuàng)建的花園的照片時，人們能會深深的震撼。因為這些花園不僅風格各異，在它的裝飾和創(chuàng)造性之外，也透露出了其他的基本的人類需求。 47【句子分析】本句的主干為：A sacred place of peace...is a distinctly human need.主謂之間插入了一個however引導的讓步狀語從句。as opposed to shelter后為which引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾shelter。In effect是“事實上，本質(zhì)上”的意思。 【譯文】盡管神圣的和平之地是原始的，但是它明顯是一種人類本能的需求，和庇護所相反，那只是動物的本能需求。 48【句子分析】本句的主干為：The gardens of the homeless...introduce form...where引導的是修飾environment的定語從句，在句子中作地點狀語。 【譯文】無家可歸的人的花園，事實上是無家可歸的花園。 它把一種形式引入城市環(huán)境中。在這些城市環(huán)境中要么沒有這些花園，要么沒有如此顯眼的花園。 49【句子分析】本句的主干為：most of us give into a demoralization of spirit...which緊跟spirit之后引導的是定語從句。Until引導的是時間狀語從句，其中as if是“好像，正如”的意思。 【譯文】 我們當中大多數(shù)人都屈服于精神上的敗壞，我們經(jīng)常把這種精神上的敗壞推卸到心理環(huán)境上，直到有一天我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于一個花園當中，并感受到這種精神的敗壞不可思議的消失了。 50【句子分析】本句是it is...that...形式的強調(diào)句型。強調(diào)的部分是主語this implicit or explicit reference to nature。主句的謂語動詞是justifies。In a...sense是“在某種意義上，從某種意義上”的意思。 【譯文】正是這種隱含或外露的對自熱的提及充分證明了從一種“解放”的意義上說使用“花園”這個詞來描述人工建筑是合理的。 Section III Writing Party A 51 Directions: Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points) 范文： Dear professor, I am the chairman of the Students’ Union of Foreign language school in Peking University. We are to hold an English speech contest next week. I am writing to ask whether you can honor us to be a judge for the competition. The contest will be held next Sunday, Dec, 20. 2012 in the Room 200, Teaching Building No. 3 . It will begin at 6:30 and last for 3 hours. Participants will be from different majors in our university. Judges to be invited include another three professors who are very familiar to you. We would be greatly honored if you can show your presence and provide us with your valuable comments. Please contact us at 1234567 if you can come. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 詳解解析： 今年小作文不出預料，考到了邀請信。Direction要求給你本校的英語外教寫一封邀請信，邀請他做一個英語演講比賽的裁判。要求 You should include the details you think necessary. 因此本文格式為書信，語域為正式語域，即 不能出現(xiàn)縮寫和省略。 稱呼： Dear professor, 鑒于此信是寫給本校的外教教師，因此性別應該是已知的，故Dear Sir/ Madam, 是不合適的。好稱呼寫成professor，以符合收信人大學教師的身份。 正文 第一段：寫作內(nèi)容需涵蓋兩點：自我介紹，表明邀請。自我介紹要求寫明白你寫這封信是有原因的，表明與此事的相關(guān)性。根據(jù)本文direction要求，建議假定自己是這次英語演講比賽的組辦方比較合適。表明邀請的句子一定要注意禮貌，故用到了I am writing to ask whether you can honor us to be a judge for the competition 這一表達。 第二段： 寫作內(nèi)容為活動安排及其他被邀請人想要知道的信息。比如，活動的時間，地點，是必不可少的。參加比賽的人員和其他裁判的情況對被邀請人來說也是有益的，可以幫助其做決定。 第三段：寫作內(nèi)容為 表達感謝，期盼對方接受邀請，并提供給對方給予反饋的聯(lián)系方式。注意語氣真摯禮貌。 落款： Yours sincerely, 特別提醒sincerely后面逗號不能丟 簽名： Li Ming 特別注意 Ming 后面一定不能出現(xiàn)句點。 Part B 52 Directions: Write an essay of about 160 – 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) interpret its intended meaning, and 3) give your comments. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
真題范文： Decisions after Graduation Recently, there has been a growing concern among the public over the topic of the choice after graduation. As is described in the picture, a group of graduates is facing various roads such as: searching for jobs, pursuing further study, going abroad and entrepreneurship. The picture intends to convey to us this message: As adults, college students have to make decisions about their future life. After graduation, college students have to make decisions about their future life. For those who are eager to become economically independent and to put into practice what they have learned in college, taking a job or doing poineering work will be both satisfying and rewarding. Getting established as a bread-winner after graduation is their main desire. By contrast, those who want to take advantage of the favorable conditions in college, however, will try to enroll in graduate programs inside or outside. For them, a Master's degree or even a Doctoral degree represents a much more ambitious goal than a bachelor's degree. In the same way, their lifetime success and interest lies more in academic achievements than in making money. As far as I am concerned, it is sensible that we should take a rational attitude towards the decisive choice. For the part of my own, getting a higher degree abroad has long been my dream. This is based on my belief that I should do more research and learn more while I am still young. 范文解析： 2013年考研英語 (一)大作文再次考察圖畫作文，這種題型廣大考生應該不會陌生。圖形中描述的是畢業(yè)生面臨的不同選擇，屬于意義分析型中的人生哲理類文章，這也是跨考寫作課程(寫作課件P85-100)重點強調(diào)并且要求學生多次練習的類型，并且在考前跨考出版的《考研英語命題人考前8天作文大預測》P116，準確預測了“選擇”這一話題。歷年真題2004，2007，2008都屬于意義分析型文章，其中2004年-終點又是新起點與2013年作文題目為接近。 人生哲理型文章的第一段與其它類型的文章區(qū)別不大，描述圖片以及點題，例如用As is revealed in the picture/ cartoon, … … 句型描寫一下圖片，第二句可以用句子The picture is fairly thought-provoking, which intends to convey to us this message: …點出主題。 第二段第一句揭示圖片的象征寓意作為主題句，We can easily recognize the significance of … in terms of …。第二、三句可以從正反兩方面論述主題On the one hand, … Take … as an example. … On the other hand … Without …, …(后果) 。 第三段總結(jié)段，總說你對圖片中提到的人生哲理的觀點進行概括。可選擇的句型如：Considering all the points discussed above, it is advisable that we highly value … and apply it in our studies and work. … 或者：We are, therefore, supposed to take a rational attitude. …
2013年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試 英語一試題詳解 Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choosethe best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day. To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 . He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 . 1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers 2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external 3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment 4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle [D] Above all 5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless 6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for 7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless 8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test 9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success 10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified 11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise 12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured 13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged 14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took 15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather 16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced 17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below 18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate 19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard 20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful 答案： 1-5: ADCAB 6-10: BADDA 11-15: DCBDB 16-20: CACBC 答案詳解： 2013年的完型填空是一篇選自《經(jīng)濟學人》名為A Question of Judgment的文章。講述的是有關(guān)判斷的問題。這類文章出現(xiàn)在今年的考研真題中，符合考研英語歷年的出題形式。但是考生在沒有掌握單詞基本知識和解題技巧的情況下也會感到很困難。 相較于2012年的完型來說，今年的考題適中。考查的詞匯部分涉及到名詞、動詞、形容詞和介詞。其中，動詞考查的頻率高，占完型部分考題的35%。第4、7、15和17題考察了邏輯連接題，占完型題目的20%。考生要在掌握上下文結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上準確完成這類考題。其次，在文章考查點里有兩處涉及到了后置定語的語法知識，即第5和第10題。一處是形容詞加介詞構(gòu)成后置定語，一處是過去分詞作后置定語，而這兩點在跨考一階的講義中，各位語法老師已經(jīng)跟考生們專門講解過。后期陸陸續(xù)續(xù)的閱讀和寫作課里，也是反復提到的語法點。 遵循以往完型填空的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，今年的考題仍然秉承了總分的結(jié)構(gòu)。第一段引出話題并介紹Dr. Simonsohn 的觀點。第二、三、四段具體介紹了Dr. Simonsohn為證明理論采取的實驗以及后的發(fā)現(xiàn)。而且在文章第一句話就給出了整篇文章的中心主線—People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. 總之2013年的考題在日常強調(diào)的“單詞加技巧等于高分”的解題方式下，定會被迎刃而解。 1. [標準答案] [A] [考點分析] 上下文語義和詞匯辨析 [選項分析] 本題考查動詞。根據(jù)上下文意思，首先可以排除[B]和[D]。這句話中 that 引導一個定語從句，主要是說這一優(yōu)勢賦予了一種特定的能力。[C]中transmit 為 傳播，不符合上下文意思。 2. [標準答案] [D] [考點分析] 上下文語義 [選項分析] which are unbiased 這個定語從句做插入語修飾 judgment。這句話的意思是“通過XXX因素作出公正判決的能力”，由此可以排除[A] 和 [B]。做這一題時，我們需要理解第一句話，給我們提供了一個大的背景和條件。第一句話說“人們不擅長利用背景信息作決定”，所以可以推出這兒并不是“通過關(guān)鍵信息”來做出公正的判決，而是通過其它一些信息，如外部的信息，作出判決。根據(jù)上下文意思，可以推出 [D] 為正確答案。 3. [標準答案] [C] [考點分析] 上下文語義和固定搭配 [選項分析] big picture 是一個固定搭配，指(事情的)主要部分;重點，故選[A]。其它詞語與big 搭配，均沒有這層意思。 4. [標準答案] [A] [考點分析] 邏輯銜接題 [選項分析] 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系判斷，在提出一個觀點之后，接下來就是進行例證。選項中只有[A] 表示“例如”，符合這一邏輯關(guān)系，故選[A]。[B]表示“平均”的意思;[C]為“大體上，原則上”;[D] 為“首先”，均不符合。 5. [標準答案] [B] [考點分析] 上下文語義和詞匯辨析 [選項分析] 這四個選項均可以與介詞 of 搭配，[A] 表示“喜歡”， [B] 表示“害怕，恐怕”， [C] 表示“能夠，具有…能力”， [D] 表示“輕率的，考慮不周的”。of 后面的短語作 judge 的定語，這句話意思是“XXX地顯得對犯罪太過軟弱的法官可能更傾向于給被告作出判刑的判決”。根據(jù)上下文的意思，可以排除 [A] 和 [D]。而“顯得對犯罪太過軟弱”顯然不是某種能力，故可以排除[C] 選項。根據(jù)上下文意思，害怕顯得過于軟弱的法官，才會更傾向于作出較嚴厲的判決。故選[B]。 6. [標準答案] [B] [考點分析] 介詞搭配 [選項分析] soft on sb/sth 是一個固定搭配詞組，表示“對某人/某事態(tài)度偏軟，不夠嚴厲”的意思，故選[B]。 7.標準答案A 考點分析 邏輯銜接題 選項分析 前半句含義是“一個擔心自己會犯罪行為上表現(xiàn)的過分軟弱的法官可能會判人入獄”，后半句含義是“當天他已經(jīng)判五到六個人緩刑”兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系明顯為假設(shè)。A if 表示假設(shè)“如果”。B until “直到。。。才。。。”。C though “然而”，表轉(zhuǎn)折。D unless “除非”，表讓步。前半句是結(jié)果主句，后半句是一個假設(shè)條件，所以選C 8.標準答案 D?？键c分析 上下文語義及動詞辨析 選項分析 本句話是說要進行試驗來驗證觀點?？崭窈蟮拿~idea作賓語，對決定動詞十分關(guān)鍵。 動詞意思應為“測試”。A promote “促進”。B emphasize “強調(diào)”。C share “分享”。D test “測試”。只有D 選項和“觀點”搭配，符合語境。 9.標準答案 D?？键c分析 上下文語義及名詞辨析 選項分析 本句話含義是講其中一個申請者與其他申請在面試中的關(guān)系。申請者希望成功。A decisioin “選擇”。B quality “質(zhì)量”。C status “身份”。D success “成功”。只有D 項搭配，符合語境。 10.標準答案 A?？键c分析 后置定語 選項分析 本句意為測試中隨機選出的其他申請者。A chosen “選出”。B stupid “笨的”。C found “發(fā)現(xiàn)”。D identified “識別”。只有A 選項和申請者搭配意為選出來的申請者，符合語境。 11.標準答案 D?？键c分析 邏輯銜接題 選項分析 后半句開頭的but已經(jīng)暗示了下文的連接詞。內(nèi)容上前半句意為一個申請者的面試成功和其他申請者沒有關(guān)系，后半句意為西蒙森懷疑事實。明顯是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。A exceptional “例外的”。B defensible “可防御的”。C replaceable “可替換的”。D otherwise “相反的”。只有D項可以表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選D。 12. 標準答案 C?？键c分析 后置定語 選項分析 本句前半句是說西蒙森研究了面試者的結(jié)果，后半句含義是招生辦官員。所以這里應該是招生辦官員舉行面試，后半句做后置定語。A inspire “鼓舞”。B expressed “表達”。C conducted “舉行”。D secured “保護”。所以結(jié)合上下文可以得出只有C項符合語境。 13.標準答案B 考點分析 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析 選項分析 文中句子含義為，“面試官有13個申請者一到五級打分”A .assign 分配;指派; 將財產(chǎn)過戶(尤指過戶給債權(quán)人)B .rate 認為;估價，C.match 使比賽D .arrange 安排，根據(jù)上下文含義，應選B. 14.[標準答案] [D] [考點分析] 固定搭配。 題干This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. 空格處需要動詞一個。因為后面有into consideration. 所以選took. Take into consideration 是把什么考慮在內(nèi)的意思。 15.B。本題考查邏輯關(guān)系，通過上下文應該選擇一個表順承先后順序的詞，只有B項then合適。 16. [標準答案] [C] [考點分析] 上下文語義和邏輯關(guān)系 [選項分析] 這句話 which 引導一個定語從句，修飾 exam，考試都有一個總分，這句話的意思是說“以800分計算的標準測試”，可以排除[A]、[B]和 [D]選項。mark 表示“得分”，符合原文意思，故選[C]。 17. [標準答案] [A] [考點分析] 上下文語義和邏輯關(guān)系 [選項分析] 根據(jù)詞語的意思和搭配，可以排除 [C] 和 [D] 選項。這題的選擇必須與后面一題聯(lián)系起來進行選擇，這句話說“前面候選者的分數(shù)比XXX的候選者高0.75分”，則“下一個候選者則XXX”，由此可知，“前面的候選者”肯定不能是比他后面的人分數(shù)高，排除[B]。[A] 選項符合上下文邏輯關(guān)系，故選[A]。 18.B. 根據(jù)上下文意思，是一種up和down 的趨勢，17空前面是up趨勢，所以18謂語動詞應該選“下降”的趨勢的動詞，A,B,C,D之中明顯的表下降的是B項， drop相對于前面的high。 19.B。根據(jù)上下文應該選一個“消除”影響的含義的動詞，答案當中B項和A,C相反，B是“消除”即“不會產(chǎn)生”，符合上下文。 20.C。本題需要找個形容詞修飾points, A 項promising “有前途的，有希望的”;意思不合適，很明顯B,C,D當中C項necessary符合上下文。 Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment. This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals. Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste. Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off. Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it. 21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her [A] poor bargaining skill. [B] insensitivity to fashion. [C] obsession with high fashion. [D]lack of imagination. 22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to [A] combat unnecessary waste. [B] shut out the feverish fashion world. [C] resist the influence of advertisements. [D] shop for their garments more frequently. 23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to [A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm. [C] indifference. [D] tolerance. 24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? [A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists. [B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability. [C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments. [D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing. 25. What is the subject of the text? [A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle. [B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth. [C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry. [D] Exposure of a mass-market secret. 答案： BDCCD Text 2 An old saw has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy. In the past couple of weeks three deals and a quarrel have illustrated the value to advertisers (and their suppliers of software) of such fine-grained information. Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission? In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests. On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with Windows 8, a new incarnation of the software firm's operating system, would have DNT as a default. Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, one of the groups in the DAA, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. “They'll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.” It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies (including Twitter) have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft's default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway. Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to rile Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple? 26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to: [A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs [C] avoid complaints from consumers [D]provide better online services 27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to: [A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors [C] digital information analysis [D]internet browser developers 28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default [A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry [C] will not benefit consumers [D]goes against human nature 29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6? [A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose [B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT [C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers [D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads 30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of: [A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciation [D] skepticism 答案： BDCAD 詳解： 26. 標準答案：B 考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力。此類題目的解題關(guān)鍵在于根據(jù)題干信息定位，本題的“Paragraph 1”，“behavioural”即為定位信息。 選項分析：根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“this fraction can be much reduced”在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代，至少在理論上，被浪費的那一部分資金中，有很多都可以節(jié)省下來。對應文章“half of all advertising budgets are wasted”。故B項“降低運營成本”是文章的同義改寫。ABD項文章均為提到。 27. 標準答案：D 考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力。根據(jù)題干中已經(jīng)給出了具體信息點“The industry”應回第三段定位。 選項分析：根據(jù)題干信息“the industry”可推測the為前文指代，所以應當定位到該句之前，文章內(nèi)容為：“摩斯拉(Mozilla)的火狐(Firefox)、微軟(Microsoft)的IE(Internet Explorer)及蘋果的瀏覽器Safari都有“不允許跟蹤”選項;今年，谷歌也將在Chrome中加入這一功能”，由此可推斷出選項D“網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器開發(fā)商”為正確選項。 28. 標準答案：C 考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力。結(jié)合題干中所給出的人名“Bob Liodice”以及專有名詞DNT和“default”可回文章定位到第五段。 選項分析：文章中Bob Liodice稱，“如果廣告商不能收集有關(guān)用戶偏好的信息，那么這對于消費者來說將更為不利?！痹闹小癱onsumers will be worse off”對應C選項“will not benefit consumers”，“將對消費者不利”，因此C應為正確答案。A項與原文相反，“垃圾廣告”不是減少而是增加。B項“對廣告業(yè)沒有影響”以及D項“違背人性”均與文章不符。 29. 標準答案：A 考點分析：此題考查考生對文章的細節(jié)信息的把握能力，關(guān)鍵在于定位和辨別細節(jié)信息。 選項分析：根據(jù)題干信息提示，我們不難定位到文章第六段后一句的后半部分“…some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.” 一些公司可能忽略“不允許跟蹤”信號，繼續(xù)記錄用戶的在線行為。所以推知"不允許跟蹤"可能不會起到預期的作用。選項B廣告商很樂意實行“不允許跟蹤”與本段第一句話“It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. 廣告商們會對此作何反應仍不清楚”不符。選項C"不允許跟蹤"已經(jīng)不再收到消費者的歡迎與本段第一句和后一句內(nèi)容“…some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.” 不符;選項C廣告商被迫提供"行為"廣告與文中“Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking…”不相符。 30. 標準答案：D 考點分析：此題考查考生對作者觀點態(tài)度的把握。根據(jù)自然段定位法可定位到文章的后一段。 選項分析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息Brendon Lynch我們主要定位到文章后一段的倒數(shù)第二句以及后一句。Brendon Lynch“在博客中寫道：‘我們認為用戶應該有更大的話語權(quán)?！本o接著后一句“Could it really be that simple? 真的是這么簡單嗎?”體現(xiàn)了作者的態(tài)度。A項意為“縱容”;B項為““理解”之義;選項C為“感激”之義;D項為“懷疑”。因此只有D項符合作者本意，故為正確答案。 Text 3 Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all. Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to. But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline." So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence . Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future. But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves. This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. 31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by [A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology [C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity 32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are [A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment [C] the world’s dominant power [D] a misplaced race 33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5? [A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies. [B] Technology offers solutions to social problem. [C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise. [D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive. 34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to [A] explore our planet’s abundant resources [B] adopt an optimistic view of the world [C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history 35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? [A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species [C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science, Technology and Humanity 答案：31-35: BBDCA 答案詳解： 31. B 【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息，our vision of the future used to定位為文章第一段。B選項為答案，我們的對未來的想象曾經(jīng)被我們對于科技的信心所鼓舞。 A 選項錯誤原因為因果倒置，lives of fulfillment是由science and technololgy導致，與文章題干要求our vision of future 無關(guān)。C選項為無中生有，也未提到awareness of potential risks的概念。D選項equal opportunity為opportunity for all所有人都有相等的機會的曲解。 32.B 【解析】推理題。文章問題是“Red List”表明人類怎么是什么。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章的第三段。Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read….根據(jù)threatened species知道是被威脅的物種，同時后面的the Conversation of Nature知道是對自然的。那這個“threatened”被人類威脅就很明顯。 33. D 【解析】判斷題。 A 選項定位在it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.這里根本就沒有講限制。這2句話是說要讓科幻小說的作者和未來學家去探索我們能現(xiàn)象的可能性。.這里發(fā)表的Arc根本就沒有講限制。A 排除B講科技，但是文章說完The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated,講科技和它的社會意義。后面一句 and it's perhaps best…能看得到轉(zhuǎn)折。文章也沒有提到solution，也沒有提到社會問題(social problem). C 選項是說對科幻小說的興趣在上升(on the rise)但是整段都沒有說到這個趨勢。D選項定位文章第一句話 Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.從這句話能推測出immediate future是比漫長的時標更難的事情，也是更不易察覺的。 34. C 【解析】細節(jié)題。 定位的是future of the mankind ,文章第6段，同時有個很重要的標點符號冒號，說明the past holds the key to the future: 一直在點號之前都是這句話的具體解釋。也就是說這句強調(diào)the past 的關(guān)鍵性，所以選擇C。A項B項和D項都跟內(nèi)容無關(guān)。 35. A 【解析】主旨題 文章好的題目是A選項，對未來的不確定性。文章第一段講過去人們對于未來的想象，第二，三段為對現(xiàn)在的看法。第四段至后一段為對未來的不確定性。B選項為人類的演化，C選項為人類美好的前景，D選項科學，技術(shù)與人類不是文章的主旨 。顧答案為A。 Text 4 On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states. In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization "and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones. Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately "occupied the field" and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers. However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues. Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts. The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as "a shocking assertion of federal executive power". The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with. Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. 36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they [A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers. [B] disturbed the power balance between different states. [C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law. [D] contradicted both the federal and state policies. 37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4? [A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information. [B] States’ independence from federal immigration law. [C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement. [D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement. 38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts [A] violated the Constitution. [B] undermined the states’ interests. [C] supported the federal statute. [D] stood in favor of the states. 39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement [A] outweighs that held by the states. [B] is dependent on the states’ support. [C] is established by federal statutes. [D] rarely goes against state laws. 40. What can be learned from the last paragraph? [A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress. [B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration. [C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress. [D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues. 答案：36- CCDAD 答案詳解： 36. 標準答案: C 考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力 選項分析：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞 three provisions of Arizona定位到文中第二段。第一句提到Arizona計劃的三個部分被*是讓州和地方警察實施聯(lián)邦移民法律。這句話沒有相對應選項，所以看到后面一句，意思是憲法的規(guī)則是毋庸置疑的，它認為華盛頓本身就有建立一個統(tǒng)一的自然化的規(guī)則的權(quán)力，而且認為聯(lián)邦法律優(yōu)先于州法律。所以被*就是因為它超越了聯(lián)邦移民法的權(quán)威。此題也可在第三段第二句話，因為它提到on the overturned provision, 意思是大部分人認為議會故意占據(jù)了領(lǐng)地，Arizona因此侵犯了聯(lián)邦的享有特權(quán)的權(quán)力。所以，答案是B 37. 標準答案: C 考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力 選項分析：根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞the Justice 和Paragraph 4, 就可以準確定位在第四段。因為是判斷正誤題，我們就可以采用排除的方法。通過觀察選項，發(fā)現(xiàn)B.C都是圍繞State, 我們就可以先找關(guān)于它的內(nèi)容。第四段第二句話提到，議會通常想象聯(lián)邦和州一起實施移民法律，而且明確鼓勵州和聯(lián)邦的官員共享信息以及合作。所以C選項，即州在移民實施方面的合法的作用，是正確答案。 38. 標準答案: D 考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的推理引申能力 選項分析：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph 5和the Alien and Sedition, 就可以精確定位在第五段第二句話的后，也就是回歸到the Alien and Sedition法案的州特權(quán)，所以和法案有關(guān)聯(lián)的就是選項D. 而且我們也不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，B和D是一對矛盾選項，通過閱讀文章，排除D. 39. 標準答案: A 考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力 選項分析：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞the White House, 定位在第六段。后一句提到白宮聲稱它能夠使任何它不同意的州法律不合法，也就是選項A. 40. 標準答案: D 考點分析：此題考查考生對文章主旨的把握能力 選項分析：根據(jù)前三段得出文章的主旨和移民法律有關(guān)，只有A和D提到，答案在其中之一。而A是說通常被議會決定，和本段第三段句話內(nèi)容沖突。所以答案是D. Part B: (10 points) Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000. Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity. (42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction . Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____ When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful. The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate. The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems. [A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere,such as policy briefs. [B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords. [C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies. [D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones. [E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy. [F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development . [G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%. 答案：41-45：EFBGC 答案詳解 ： 文章來源于Luk Van Langenhon在《自然》雜志中關(guān)于對社會科學研究的資金未來取向，他的論據(jù)從社會科學的投資收益率角度，建議我們應該資助解決在各學科大環(huán)境下的大問題的研究。 41.[正確答案] ：E [考點分析] 復現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)+代詞紙帶關(guān)系定位 [選項分析] 此題為段中空，因此此空所填內(nèi)容是由其上下文決定的。上句中Yet this enormous resource 沒有對如今的global challenges做出足夠的貢獻，這些global challenges 包括 climate change, security, sustainable development and health. E選項中These issues指代上句中的各種global challenges，并且all have root causes in human behavior解釋了為什么說this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges。因此E 選項為正確答案。 42.[正確答案]：F [考點分析] 上下文邏輯關(guān)系定位 [選項分析] 此題為段首空，其內(nèi)容由下一句決定?？蘸笳fThis is a shame，那么此句之前，即空中所填的內(nèi)容一定是一個讓人感覺 shameful的事情。只有F 選項中many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems 是應該羞愧的事情。因此可以確定F 選項為正確答案 43.[正確答案]：B [考點分析] 復現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)定位 [選項分析] 此題為段尾空，其內(nèi)容由上句確定。上一句句子主要意思是包括關(guān)鍵詞environmental changed 和 climate change 的論文的數(shù)量迅速增長.，根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容一致性原則，下面應該繼續(xù)講此類論文的數(shù)量問題。只有選項B 中繼續(xù)說，“然而，這些數(shù)量還是很小的”，從內(nèi)容上來說銜接十分緊密，因此B 為正確答案。 44.[正確答案]：G [考點分析] 代詞指代關(guān)系定位 [選項分析] 此題為段中空，其內(nèi)容由其上下句決定?？蘸竺婢渥诱fthis is an adequate amount，這是一個充足的數(shù)字。那么空中一定要出現(xiàn)的是一些數(shù)字，而選項中提到數(shù)字的只有B 和G 選項。B 選擇數(shù)字之前直接說明the numbers are still small，數(shù)字仍然很小，與空后面說充足的數(shù)量矛盾，故排除。G 選項national spending …varied from around 4% to 25%, 符合空中所要求的內(nèi)容，故為正確答案。 45.[正確答案]：C [考點分析] 復現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)定位+代詞指代關(guān)系定位 [選項分析] 此題為段中空，其內(nèi)容由其上下句確定?？蘸竺嬗袀€代詞that 并且說明That should create more collaborative endeavors 那將帶來一個“合作性的”endeavors. C選項中the idea is to force social to integrate 也就是整合 their work with other categories。Integrate 與collaborative 同義復現(xiàn)，故為正確答案。 Section III Translation 46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression. One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand. Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “l(fā)iberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms. 答案 46. 然而當人們觀看那些由無家可歸的人創(chuàng)建的花園的照片時，人們能會深深的震撼。因為這些花園不僅風格各異，在它的裝飾和創(chuàng)造性之外，也透露出了其他其他基本的訴求。 47. 然而，一塊神圣的和平之地，或許可能是粗糙的，但它都是一種人類本能的需求，和庇護所相反，那只是動物的本能需求。 48 無家可歸的人的花園，事實上是無家可歸的花園。 它城市環(huán)境引入了一種形式。這些城市要么沒有，要么沒有如此顯眼的花園 49.我們當中大多數(shù)人都屈服于精神上的敗壞，我們經(jīng)常把這種精神上的敗壞推卸到心理環(huán)境上，直到有一天我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于一個花園當中，并感受到這種壓迫感不可思議的消失了。 50. 正是這種隱含或外露的對自然的提及充分地證實了對花園這個單詞的使用，盡管是從一種解放的意義上來說，描述了這些綜合建設(shè)。 詳解： 2013年的翻譯文章選自一本小品文集：Gardens: An Essay on the Human Condition。同往常一樣，英語一的翻譯文章，出題人習慣于從某一書中去改編。2013年考研英語一翻譯這篇文章就改編自這本書的59頁到61頁其中一篇。 今年的翻譯題總體的感覺是句子的結(jié)構(gòu)不太難，但是很多的詞匯成為表達的難點，當然，考到了一些重要的核心的詞匯，都在課堂上講到過，后沖刺班講的介詞短語“雖然、盡管”的意思介詞短語是固定的短語是確定的，所以說表達起來并不是太難。 總體來說，五個翻譯句子涉及到了分詞作定語、定語從句、狀語從句以及插入語的翻譯。第46題考查了時間狀語從句和it引導的形式主語句的翻譯。第47和49題都有關(guān)于定語從句的翻譯。同時，第47題和50題都考查到了插入語的翻譯?？忌谟⒎瓭h的時候建議采用拆分組合的方法來解題。即，首先將主句的主謂賓弄清楚，然后按照意群劃分句子，后在按照漢語的表達習慣，將各部分意群串成一個完整的，合乎中文表達方式的句子。 46【句子分析】本句的主干為：it strikes one，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語為that引導的主語從句。句首是when 引導的時間狀語從句。Beyond后的that指代的是上文的diversity。For all在句中是“盡管”的意思。 【譯文】然而當人們觀看那些由無家可歸的人創(chuàng)建的花園的照片時，人們能會深深的震撼。因為這些花園不僅風格各異，在它的裝飾和創(chuàng)造性之外，也透露出了其他的基本的人類需求。 47【句子分析】本句的主干為：A sacred place of peace...is a distinctly human need.主謂之間插入了一個however引導的讓步狀語從句。as opposed to shelter后為which引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾shelter。In effect是“事實上，本質(zhì)上”的意思。 【譯文】盡管神圣的和平之地是原始的，但是它明顯是一種人類本能的需求，和庇護所相反，那只是動物的本能需求。 48【句子分析】本句的主干為：The gardens of the homeless...introduce form...where引導的是修飾environment的定語從句，在句子中作地點狀語。 【譯文】無家可歸的人的花園，事實上是無家可歸的花園。 它把一種形式引入城市環(huán)境中。在這些城市環(huán)境中要么沒有這些花園，要么沒有如此顯眼的花園。 49【句子分析】本句的主干為：most of us give into a demoralization of spirit...which緊跟spirit之后引導的是定語從句。Until引導的是時間狀語從句，其中as if是“好像，正如”的意思。 【譯文】 我們當中大多數(shù)人都屈服于精神上的敗壞，我們經(jīng)常把這種精神上的敗壞推卸到心理環(huán)境上，直到有一天我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于一個花園當中，并感受到這種精神的敗壞不可思議的消失了。 50【句子分析】本句是it is...that...形式的強調(diào)句型。強調(diào)的部分是主語this implicit or explicit reference to nature。主句的謂語動詞是justifies。In a...sense是“在某種意義上，從某種意義上”的意思。 【譯文】正是這種隱含或外露的對自熱的提及充分證明了從一種“解放”的意義上說使用“花園”這個詞來描述人工建筑是合理的。 Section III Writing Party A 51 Directions: Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points) 范文： Dear professor, I am the chairman of the Students’ Union of Foreign language school in Peking University. We are to hold an English speech contest next week. I am writing to ask whether you can honor us to be a judge for the competition. The contest will be held next Sunday, Dec, 20. 2012 in the Room 200, Teaching Building No. 3 . It will begin at 6:30 and last for 3 hours. Participants will be from different majors in our university. Judges to be invited include another three professors who are very familiar to you. We would be greatly honored if you can show your presence and provide us with your valuable comments. Please contact us at 1234567 if you can come. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 詳解解析： 今年小作文不出預料，考到了邀請信。Direction要求給你本校的英語外教寫一封邀請信，邀請他做一個英語演講比賽的裁判。要求 You should include the details you think necessary. 因此本文格式為書信，語域為正式語域，即 不能出現(xiàn)縮寫和省略。 稱呼： Dear professor, 鑒于此信是寫給本校的外教教師，因此性別應該是已知的，故Dear Sir/ Madam, 是不合適的。好稱呼寫成professor，以符合收信人大學教師的身份。 正文 第一段：寫作內(nèi)容需涵蓋兩點：自我介紹，表明邀請。自我介紹要求寫明白你寫這封信是有原因的，表明與此事的相關(guān)性。根據(jù)本文direction要求，建議假定自己是這次英語演講比賽的組辦方比較合適。表明邀請的句子一定要注意禮貌，故用到了I am writing to ask whether you can honor us to be a judge for the competition 這一表達。 第二段： 寫作內(nèi)容為活動安排及其他被邀請人想要知道的信息。比如，活動的時間，地點，是必不可少的。參加比賽的人員和其他裁判的情況對被邀請人來說也是有益的，可以幫助其做決定。 第三段：寫作內(nèi)容為 表達感謝，期盼對方接受邀請，并提供給對方給予反饋的聯(lián)系方式。注意語氣真摯禮貌。 落款： Yours sincerely, 特別提醒sincerely后面逗號不能丟 簽名： Li Ming 特別注意 Ming 后面一定不能出現(xiàn)句點。 Part B 52 Directions: Write an essay of about 160 – 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) interpret its intended meaning, and 3) give your comments. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
真題范文： Decisions after Graduation Recently, there has been a growing concern among the public over the topic of the choice after graduation. As is described in the picture, a group of graduates is facing various roads such as: searching for jobs, pursuing further study, going abroad and entrepreneurship. The picture intends to convey to us this message: As adults, college students have to make decisions about their future life. After graduation, college students have to make decisions about their future life. For those who are eager to become economically independent and to put into practice what they have learned in college, taking a job or doing poineering work will be both satisfying and rewarding. Getting established as a bread-winner after graduation is their main desire. By contrast, those who want to take advantage of the favorable conditions in college, however, will try to enroll in graduate programs inside or outside. For them, a Master's degree or even a Doctoral degree represents a much more ambitious goal than a bachelor's degree. In the same way, their lifetime success and interest lies more in academic achievements than in making money. As far as I am concerned, it is sensible that we should take a rational attitude towards the decisive choice. For the part of my own, getting a higher degree abroad has long been my dream. This is based on my belief that I should do more research and learn more while I am still young. 范文解析： 2013年考研英語 (一)大作文再次考察圖畫作文，這種題型廣大考生應該不會陌生。圖形中描述的是畢業(yè)生面臨的不同選擇，屬于意義分析型中的人生哲理類文章，這也是跨考寫作課程(寫作課件P85-100)重點強調(diào)并且要求學生多次練習的類型，并且在考前跨考出版的《考研英語命題人考前8天作文大預測》P116，準確預測了“選擇”這一話題。歷年真題2004，2007，2008都屬于意義分析型文章，其中2004年-終點又是新起點與2013年作文題目為接近。 人生哲理型文章的第一段與其它類型的文章區(qū)別不大，描述圖片以及點題，例如用As is revealed in the picture/ cartoon, … … 句型描寫一下圖片，第二句可以用句子The picture is fairly thought-provoking, which intends to convey to us this message: …點出主題。 第二段第一句揭示圖片的象征寓意作為主題句，We can easily recognize the significance of … in terms of …。第二、三句可以從正反兩方面論述主題On the one hand, … Take … as an example. … On the other hand … Without …, …(后果) 。 第三段總結(jié)段，總說你對圖片中提到的人生哲理的觀點進行概括。可選擇的句型如：Considering all the points discussed above, it is advisable that we highly value … and apply it in our studies and work. … 或者：We are, therefore, supposed to take a rational attitude. …