這篇關(guān)于最新初中英語定語從句專項(xiàng)語法講解,是特地為大家整理的,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助!
定語從句是一種形容詞的關(guān)系從句。它由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。初中英語中的定語從句僅限于限制性定語從句。
一、概念:在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。英語中的定語從句始終要放在被修飾的詞之后,而漢語中的定語則放在被修飾詞之前。如:The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 昨天我在校門口看見的那個(gè)人是我的英語老師。
二、關(guān)系詞:關(guān)系代詞在句中可作主語、賓語或定語;關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語。初中英語中的定語從句關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的具體用法。
(一)關(guān)系代詞
1. who指人(也可用that),在定語從句中作主語,也可作賓語。如:
Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. (主語)昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕?BR> Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(賓語) 王先生就是今天早上你在動(dòng)物里遇到的那個(gè)人。 注意:關(guān)系代詞who指人,作賓語時(shí),可用whom代替;作賓語時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可省略。作其它成分,關(guān)系代詞則不能省略。
2. whose指人,也可指物。在定語從句中作定語。The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today.其母親生病的那個(gè)男孩今天呆在家里照顧她。 I have a story book whose cover is red.我有一本封面是紅色的故事書。
3. which指物(也可用that),在定語從句中作主語,也可作賓語。如:
Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. (主語)足球是被大多數(shù)男孩喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. (賓語) 我不相信湯姆贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息。
注:關(guān)系代詞whom, which在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí),可以和介詞一起放在先行詞與定語從句之間。如:That is the place in which I lived for five years. =That is the place which / that I lived in for five years.那就是我住過五年的地方。
Mr Zhang is the man for whom I am looking.=Mr Zhang is the man who / whom / that I am looking for.張先生就是我正在找的那個(gè)人。
(二)關(guān)系副詞。
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
(三)具體使用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞需要注意的問題。
1. 先行詞是地點(diǎn)時(shí),如果該先行詞做了定語從句的主語或賓語時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用that或which. 如:The school that / which I used to study in is becoming better and better.(the school 作了介詞in的賓語。)我過去曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)的那所學(xué)校變得越來越好了。
先行詞是地點(diǎn)時(shí),如果該先行詞不作定語從句的主語或賓語時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用where. 如:The place where the accident happened isn’t far from our school.事故發(fā)生的那個(gè)地方離我們學(xué)校不遠(yuǎn)。(定語從句中的動(dòng)詞happened是不及物動(dòng)詞,它不跟賓語,而the accident又作了定語從句的主語,因此該定語從句既不需要主語,也不需要賓語。)
2.只用that,不用which的情況。
(1)前有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如:This is the tenth gift that I received for my birthday.這是我收到的第十個(gè)生日禮物。
(2)前有形容詞級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如:That is the most exciting game that I have ever watched.那是我曾經(jīng)看過最令人興奮的比賽。
(3)先行詞是all, little, few, something, anything, everything等不定代詞時(shí)。如:All that he told me is true. 他告訴我的一切是真實(shí)的。
(4)先行詞被the only修飾時(shí)。如:The only thing that I can get is a pen. 我能得到的東西就是一支鋼筆。
(5)先行詞既指人,又指物時(shí)。如:We talked about the people and the things that we were interested in.我們談?wù)摿宋覀兏信d趣的人和事。
3. 只用which,不用that的情況。
(1)定語從句是物時(shí),定語從句由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)。如:
The thing about which the teacher is talking is very important.
老師正在談?wù)摰哪羌路浅V匾?BR> (2)先行詞本身是that, those時(shí),如:What’s that which is flying in the sky? 在天空中飛的那是什么?
定語從句是一種形容詞的關(guān)系從句。它由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。初中英語中的定語從句僅限于限制性定語從句。
一、概念:在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。英語中的定語從句始終要放在被修飾的詞之后,而漢語中的定語則放在被修飾詞之前。如:The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 昨天我在校門口看見的那個(gè)人是我的英語老師。
二、關(guān)系詞:關(guān)系代詞在句中可作主語、賓語或定語;關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語。初中英語中的定語從句關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的具體用法。
(一)關(guān)系代詞
1. who指人(也可用that),在定語從句中作主語,也可作賓語。如:
Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. (主語)昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕?BR> Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(賓語) 王先生就是今天早上你在動(dòng)物里遇到的那個(gè)人。 注意:關(guān)系代詞who指人,作賓語時(shí),可用whom代替;作賓語時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可省略。作其它成分,關(guān)系代詞則不能省略。
2. whose指人,也可指物。在定語從句中作定語。The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today.其母親生病的那個(gè)男孩今天呆在家里照顧她。 I have a story book whose cover is red.我有一本封面是紅色的故事書。
3. which指物(也可用that),在定語從句中作主語,也可作賓語。如:
Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. (主語)足球是被大多數(shù)男孩喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. (賓語) 我不相信湯姆贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息。
注:關(guān)系代詞whom, which在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí),可以和介詞一起放在先行詞與定語從句之間。如:That is the place in which I lived for five years. =That is the place which / that I lived in for five years.那就是我住過五年的地方。
Mr Zhang is the man for whom I am looking.=Mr Zhang is the man who / whom / that I am looking for.張先生就是我正在找的那個(gè)人。
(二)關(guān)系副詞。
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
(三)具體使用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞需要注意的問題。
1. 先行詞是地點(diǎn)時(shí),如果該先行詞做了定語從句的主語或賓語時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用that或which. 如:The school that / which I used to study in is becoming better and better.(the school 作了介詞in的賓語。)我過去曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)的那所學(xué)校變得越來越好了。
先行詞是地點(diǎn)時(shí),如果該先行詞不作定語從句的主語或賓語時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用where. 如:The place where the accident happened isn’t far from our school.事故發(fā)生的那個(gè)地方離我們學(xué)校不遠(yuǎn)。(定語從句中的動(dòng)詞happened是不及物動(dòng)詞,它不跟賓語,而the accident又作了定語從句的主語,因此該定語從句既不需要主語,也不需要賓語。)
2.只用that,不用which的情況。
(1)前有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如:This is the tenth gift that I received for my birthday.這是我收到的第十個(gè)生日禮物。
(2)前有形容詞級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如:That is the most exciting game that I have ever watched.那是我曾經(jīng)看過最令人興奮的比賽。
(3)先行詞是all, little, few, something, anything, everything等不定代詞時(shí)。如:All that he told me is true. 他告訴我的一切是真實(shí)的。
(4)先行詞被the only修飾時(shí)。如:The only thing that I can get is a pen. 我能得到的東西就是一支鋼筆。
(5)先行詞既指人,又指物時(shí)。如:We talked about the people and the things that we were interested in.我們談?wù)摿宋覀兏信d趣的人和事。
3. 只用which,不用that的情況。
(1)定語從句是物時(shí),定語從句由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)。如:
The thing about which the teacher is talking is very important.
老師正在談?wù)摰哪羌路浅V匾?BR> (2)先行詞本身是that, those時(shí),如:What’s that which is flying in the sky? 在天空中飛的那是什么?