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鳥類遷徙Bird migration
Student having difficulties in writing term paper
原文：
Conversation：term paper of bird migration
Listen to a conversation between a student and his Biology professor.
S: Dr. Russell, I was hoping to discuss my term paper with you I'm getting a little bit stuck here.
P: Of course, so...what do you have so far? What's your topic?
S: Well, I wanted to write about bird migration, but I'm having trouble finding enough sources.
P: You're having trouble finding sources on bird migration
S: No, actually, on the particular aspect of bird migration that I want to write about.
The thing is, I wanted to write specifically on early theories of bird migration...describe some of the theories. Like how Aristotle thought that birds changed into different species during the winter. Or how other naturalists thought that bigger birds carried smaller birds to warmer spots for the wintertime. But I've only got a couple of books to work with right now.
P: Hm...I have to admit that it's an interesting topic, and you certainly seem excited by it. But remember I told you all to ask yourselves how your topic is going to help you show that you can apply what you've learned this semester. A summary or description is not really what I'm looking for as much as your analysis of a certain topic.
S: I guess it's not really what we're supposed to do, huh
P: Right. So, how about we think about some other ideas for your paper. I mean you don't need to discard the idea completely... but... take a really different focus. Um... for example...you could present what you think are some reasons-the rationale-behind some of the erroneous theories early naturalists had. But, you'll be supporting your views with current research; those are the sources you'll need to seek out.
S: Ok, I think I see what you're saying. So, like today...today we know that lots of small birds migrate at night, but maybe `cause people didn't see them-didn't see the small birds migrating-they only saw bigger birds, like geese migrating during the day. They thought that the big birds were carrying the small ones under their wings.
P: There you go! That's exactly what I mean. You're showing that you're thinking about the topic, not just telling me what you read.
S: Ok, I also have a really cool example of a migratory bird that I'd like to discuss in my paper. It's the Common Poorwill—I mean it seems that some Ornithologists believe that the Common Poorwill really does hibernate instead of migrating-that it's maybe the only bird that does.
P: If I were you, I would stick just with migration research. Remember, this is only a 15-page paper.
S: Ok, I see your point.
P: But it's great that you're finding this all so interesting. I want you to come back to see me in a week so we can take a look at the new direction in your paper and evaluate the sources you've found in the meantime.
中文大意:
Male Student：老師，我想跟你討論一下我的學期論文。我卡住了，找不到這方面足夠的數(shù)據(jù)。)
Female Professor：You can’t find enough sources on bird migration
(語調(diào)上揚。最后一題，重聽題的考點。)
Male Student：I wanted to write on theories early bird migration. 關(guān)于Aristotle對于這個題目的看法等等。
Female Professor：哦～你確實找到了一個好的題目，但是你要知道我的要求是你們的論文要反映你們這學期學了什么。不要只是做 summary or description，我想要看到你的special analysis。
Male Student：我想，總結(jié)和描述是不夠的。
Female Professor：沒錯，不如我們想想其他的方向。其實你不需要完全放棄discard之前找的數(shù)據(jù)，你可以換種想法，用rational 的方式。可以寫現(xiàn)在的新研究(current research) 如何支持(support)或者駁斥以前的(historically) old theory。
Male Student：我想可以寫bird migrate at night。以前人們大多只看到大鳥，所以認為小鳥在大鳥的翅膀下遷徙什么的，其實新發(fā)現(xiàn)是，因為小鳥在夜間遷徙，人們看不到。
(通過說這個topic來驗證自己理解了老師的意圖change the topic from ancient to recent)
Female Professor：對，這正是我說的，你要展示你對這個主題的想法，而不是你讀了哪些數(shù)據(jù)。
Male Student：I want to write about the birds that do not migrate. They hibernate during winter.
Female Professor：如果我是你，我就不會在一份15頁的論文中寫這么多。
Male Student：我知道妳的意思了。
Female Professor：希望你一周內(nèi)再來找我，看看論文的新的方向(new direction)進行得如何。
Male Student：好的，謝謝。
題目：
問題一：Why does the student go to see the professor?
答案：(C)he cannot find enough material in writing his paper.
問題二：How does the professor help the student?
答案：(A)建議學生改變論文方向。
問題三：What information will the man probably include in his paper (choose two answers)
答案：(B)analysis(D)focus on one topic
問題四：Why does the student 提到birds migrate at night?
答案：(A)通過說這個topic來驗證自己理解了老師的意圖he understands what the teacher said.
問題五：Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.
S: Well, I wanted to write about bird migration, but I'm having trouble finding enough sources.
P: You're having trouble finding sources on bird migration
What does the professor imply when she says this: "You're having trouble finding sources on bird migration... "
答案：(B)教授認為找資料很容易
背景知識補充：
這篇聽力內(nèi)容，雖然是一般教授與同學討論論文內(nèi)容的長對話，不過值得注意的是，動物遷徒，包括動物、鳥類、昆蟲、甚至魚類等，生物對棲息地遷徒相關(guān)內(nèi)容，一直不斷出現(xiàn)在新托福iBT考題中，無論在聽、說、讀、寫都曾出現(xiàn)相關(guān)考題，因此備考新托福的同學，應(yīng)該對動物遷徒有一定的認識。
相關(guān)文章：
Migration Birds Know No Boundaries (鳥類遷徙無邊界)
¨ The migration of birds is one of the most fascinating and least understood events in nature.
¨ Arctic terns are the champions of long-distance migration. They fly about 11,000 miles (17,700 kilometers) from their breeding grounds in the Arctic to their winter home in the Antarctic.
Why birds migrate (為什么鳥類遷徙)
¨ In many parts of the world, the foods that birds eat become scarce during certain seasons of the year. Most birds would starve if they had to remain in such places through the unfavorable season.
¨ Although birds migrate to survive, the factors that actually trigger their migrations are much more difficult to explain. For example, many northern species leave their summer home while the weather is still warm and the food supply plentiful.
¨ Bird migrations are probably regulated by the glandular system. The glands produce chemical substances called hormones.
¨ Changes in hormone production stimulate the birds to migrate. Among some northern species, hormone production is affected by the length of daylight. As the daylight hours shorten, hormonal changes cause the birds to prepare for their migratory flight south.
鳥類遷徙Bird migration
Student having difficulties in writing term paper
原文：
Conversation：term paper of bird migration
Listen to a conversation between a student and his Biology professor.
S: Dr. Russell, I was hoping to discuss my term paper with you I'm getting a little bit stuck here.
P: Of course, so...what do you have so far? What's your topic?
S: Well, I wanted to write about bird migration, but I'm having trouble finding enough sources.
P: You're having trouble finding sources on bird migration
S: No, actually, on the particular aspect of bird migration that I want to write about.
The thing is, I wanted to write specifically on early theories of bird migration...describe some of the theories. Like how Aristotle thought that birds changed into different species during the winter. Or how other naturalists thought that bigger birds carried smaller birds to warmer spots for the wintertime. But I've only got a couple of books to work with right now.
P: Hm...I have to admit that it's an interesting topic, and you certainly seem excited by it. But remember I told you all to ask yourselves how your topic is going to help you show that you can apply what you've learned this semester. A summary or description is not really what I'm looking for as much as your analysis of a certain topic.
S: I guess it's not really what we're supposed to do, huh
P: Right. So, how about we think about some other ideas for your paper. I mean you don't need to discard the idea completely... but... take a really different focus. Um... for example...you could present what you think are some reasons-the rationale-behind some of the erroneous theories early naturalists had. But, you'll be supporting your views with current research; those are the sources you'll need to seek out.
S: Ok, I think I see what you're saying. So, like today...today we know that lots of small birds migrate at night, but maybe `cause people didn't see them-didn't see the small birds migrating-they only saw bigger birds, like geese migrating during the day. They thought that the big birds were carrying the small ones under their wings.
P: There you go! That's exactly what I mean. You're showing that you're thinking about the topic, not just telling me what you read.
S: Ok, I also have a really cool example of a migratory bird that I'd like to discuss in my paper. It's the Common Poorwill—I mean it seems that some Ornithologists believe that the Common Poorwill really does hibernate instead of migrating-that it's maybe the only bird that does.
P: If I were you, I would stick just with migration research. Remember, this is only a 15-page paper.
S: Ok, I see your point.
P: But it's great that you're finding this all so interesting. I want you to come back to see me in a week so we can take a look at the new direction in your paper and evaluate the sources you've found in the meantime.
中文大意:
Male Student：老師，我想跟你討論一下我的學期論文。我卡住了，找不到這方面足夠的數(shù)據(jù)。)
Female Professor：You can’t find enough sources on bird migration
(語調(diào)上揚。最后一題，重聽題的考點。)
Male Student：I wanted to write on theories early bird migration. 關(guān)于Aristotle對于這個題目的看法等等。
Female Professor：哦～你確實找到了一個好的題目，但是你要知道我的要求是你們的論文要反映你們這學期學了什么。不要只是做 summary or description，我想要看到你的special analysis。
Male Student：我想，總結(jié)和描述是不夠的。
Female Professor：沒錯，不如我們想想其他的方向。其實你不需要完全放棄discard之前找的數(shù)據(jù)，你可以換種想法，用rational 的方式。可以寫現(xiàn)在的新研究(current research) 如何支持(support)或者駁斥以前的(historically) old theory。
Male Student：我想可以寫bird migrate at night。以前人們大多只看到大鳥，所以認為小鳥在大鳥的翅膀下遷徙什么的，其實新發(fā)現(xiàn)是，因為小鳥在夜間遷徙，人們看不到。
(通過說這個topic來驗證自己理解了老師的意圖change the topic from ancient to recent)
Female Professor：對，這正是我說的，你要展示你對這個主題的想法，而不是你讀了哪些數(shù)據(jù)。
Male Student：I want to write about the birds that do not migrate. They hibernate during winter.
Female Professor：如果我是你，我就不會在一份15頁的論文中寫這么多。
Male Student：我知道妳的意思了。
Female Professor：希望你一周內(nèi)再來找我，看看論文的新的方向(new direction)進行得如何。
Male Student：好的，謝謝。
題目：
問題一：Why does the student go to see the professor?
答案：(C)he cannot find enough material in writing his paper.
問題二：How does the professor help the student?
答案：(A)建議學生改變論文方向。
問題三：What information will the man probably include in his paper (choose two answers)
答案：(B)analysis(D)focus on one topic
問題四：Why does the student 提到birds migrate at night?
答案：(A)通過說這個topic來驗證自己理解了老師的意圖he understands what the teacher said.
問題五：Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.
S: Well, I wanted to write about bird migration, but I'm having trouble finding enough sources.
P: You're having trouble finding sources on bird migration
What does the professor imply when she says this: "You're having trouble finding sources on bird migration... "
答案：(B)教授認為找資料很容易
背景知識補充：
這篇聽力內(nèi)容，雖然是一般教授與同學討論論文內(nèi)容的長對話，不過值得注意的是，動物遷徒，包括動物、鳥類、昆蟲、甚至魚類等，生物對棲息地遷徒相關(guān)內(nèi)容，一直不斷出現(xiàn)在新托福iBT考題中，無論在聽、說、讀、寫都曾出現(xiàn)相關(guān)考題，因此備考新托福的同學，應(yīng)該對動物遷徒有一定的認識。
相關(guān)文章：
Migration Birds Know No Boundaries (鳥類遷徙無邊界)
¨ The migration of birds is one of the most fascinating and least understood events in nature.
¨ Arctic terns are the champions of long-distance migration. They fly about 11,000 miles (17,700 kilometers) from their breeding grounds in the Arctic to their winter home in the Antarctic.
Why birds migrate (為什么鳥類遷徙)
¨ In many parts of the world, the foods that birds eat become scarce during certain seasons of the year. Most birds would starve if they had to remain in such places through the unfavorable season.
¨ Although birds migrate to survive, the factors that actually trigger their migrations are much more difficult to explain. For example, many northern species leave their summer home while the weather is still warm and the food supply plentiful.
¨ Bird migrations are probably regulated by the glandular system. The glands produce chemical substances called hormones.
¨ Changes in hormone production stimulate the birds to migrate. Among some northern species, hormone production is affected by the length of daylight. As the daylight hours shorten, hormonal changes cause the birds to prepare for their migratory flight south.