Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Airplane
Airplane Instruments
Modern airplanes are complicated machines. Pilots need many gauges(量表) and electronic aids to help fly them. The flight deck of a large passenger plane contains many indicator dials and warning lights. One of the most important instruments is the altimeter, which tells the pilot how high the plane is off the ground. The air speed indicator measures the plane's speed. The artificial horizon shows the position of the plane relative to the horizon. The turn and back indicator shows how much, if at all, the plane is turning and tilting. In dense clouds and fog, a pilot would not always know which way the plane is heading if it weren't for this instrument. A gyrocompass(旋轉(zhuǎn)羅盤(pán))and various radio devices are necessary for navigation.
Most large planes also have an automatic pilot. This is a device operated by a computer. It will fly the plane without the pilots touching the controls. These autopilots can even control takeoffs and landings. The flight deck also contains many gauges and meters that tell the pilot whether the many pieces of equipment on the plane are operating properly. They measure fuel level, temperatures, cabin pressure, electric current, etc. Indicators show whether the landing gear is up or down. The radio equipment allows the pilot to talk to ground controllers and to receive navigation signals.
Airplane Construction
Early airplanes were made of wood frames covered by fabric and held in shape by wire. After World War I, airplane designers started to use lightweight metals like aluminum, titanium, and magnesium alloys. A thin skin of metal was riveted into place over metal ribs. Strong epoxy(環(huán)氧的) glues are now used for some joints, instead of rivets. As planes grew in size, they became heavier. More powerful engines were developed in order to fly the heavier planes.
The use of metals brings with it a problem called metal fatigue. Stress and vibration in flight can cause metal parts eventually to break up. Airplanes must be constantly checked for signs of this trouble. Defective parts must be renewed by aircraft maintenance people.
Designers test scale models in wind tunnels before the full sized planes are built. Reactions of the models to high speed air streams give good indications how full sized planes will react in flight. This approach helps save a lot of money. It also helps to make airplanes safe.
Airport
An airport is a place where airplanes arrive and depart. Passengers leave and arrive on the airplanes and cargo is loaded and unloaded. Large, jet powered airplanes require long runways for takeoffs and landings. Big terminal buildings are necessary to handle thousands of passengers and their baggage. Very large airports usually serve several large cities and cover thousands of acres. Hundreds of planes arrive and depart daily. All this traffic must be carefully controlled to avoid delays and accidents. This is done from a control tower. The tower stands high above the ground. Air traffic controllers, inside the tower, must be able to guide airplanes through their takeoffs and landings.
Large airports are often like small cities. Many have post offices, banks, hotels, restaurants, and many kinds of shops. Airports have their own fire and police departments, fuel storage tanks, and repair work shops. Some companies even have their shipping warehouses located at airports.
One of the largest airports in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth. This airport covers 7 200 hectares （18 000 acres）.Its five terminals can handle the arrivals and departures of 90 jumbo jets at the same time. O'Hare International Airport, in Chicago, is the busiest airport in the world. It handles more than 37 million passengers a year.
Small airports that are used only by private airplanes usually cover 20 to 40 hectares （50 to 100 acres）.They do not need all the buildings and services of a large airport. The control tower may be just a small room in a building at ground level.
Runways
Early planes were light. Early runways were sometimes just level grass fields. Paved runways became necessary when airplanes became heavier and faster. Today's big jet planes weigh hundreds of tons. They move along runways at speeds of 160 kph （100 mph）.When they land, the runways take a lot of pounding and must be made of concrete or asphalt(瀝青).They must have solid foundations and a surface that prevents skidding.
Airplanes take off into the wind in order to get better lift. They also land into the wind to have better control as they slow down. Most airports have runways pointing in different directions. This means that there are always runways on which airplanes can go into the wind as they take off and land.
Heavily loaded passenger jets need long runways to gather enough speed to leave the ground. Runways at some large airports are longer than 3 000m（10 000 ft）.
At night, bright lights line the runways so that pilots can find them without trouble. A system of flashing guide lights is set up beyond the runway to help pilots land safely.
Control Towers
People who work in control towers are called air traffic controllers. They direct the movements of all planes on the ground and in the air by keeping track of them on large radar screens. Air traffic controllers tell a pilot, by radio, when and where to taxi or pilot the plane down the runway.
Electronic equipment is used to guide airplanes. Long range radar is used to keep track of planes far away from the airport. This radar is called Ground Control Approach (GCA).When the airplane gets within a few miles of the runway, the air traffic controller begins to use Precision Approach Radar (PAR).This allows the controller to guide the airplane to within 0.4km（0.25mi）of the runway. At that point, the pilot completes the landing. Another electronic aid used in bad weather is the Instrument Landing System (ILS).In this system, radio transmitters located near the runway send guidance signals to the airplane. These signals tell the pilot how to steer the plane for the final approach to the runways. Today, there are also electronic "microwave" landing systems (MLS) that can land the plane fully automatically.
Terminal Buildings
Terminal buildings vary in size and shape. Most of them are quite large. More than 228 million people fly on the airlines in America every year. Every passenger must pass through terminals. Long, covered walkways lead from the center of some terminals to the gates where airplanes are boarded. At some airports, buses are used to transport passengers to their airplanes. Passengers arriving from another country must pass through customs and passport control. Customs officials check the incoming baggage for taxable items. They also check passengers to be sure no forbidden items are brought into the country. Passport officials check the passports of passengers for personal identification.
Passengers are not allowed to bring guns, knives, or other weapons onto a passenger airplane. Before boarding, they must walk through a detector which triggers a special signal if they are carrying anything made of metal. Luggage is also examined for weapons. This is done to ensure the safety of the passengers.
1. The main purpose of this passage is to introduce the history of airplanes.
2. The device of an automatic pilot can usually fly a plane more smoothly than a human pilot.
3. With the help of the radio equipment, pilots are able to communicate with ground controllers.
4. We can tell from the passage that early airplanes are not as solid as modern ones.
5. According to the passage, the busiest airport in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth.
6. The runways should be long and solid enough for the heavily loaded jets.
7. Precision Approach Radar (PAR) is used by air traffic controllers to keep track of airplanes far away from the airport.
8. The planes can be landed fully automatically if the control towers are equipped with .
9. After getting off the plane, every passenger arriving from another country must pass through .
10. When passengers go through a detector before they board, and anything made of metal is detected, the detector triggers .
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11. A) He should start to find a new apartment right now. B) He should buy an apartment right away. C) He should start to find a new apartment in a few weeks. D) He should buy an apartment near the campus. 12. A) He's surprised she chose that agency. B) He wonders why she is still keeping the job. C) He doesn't know when her classes started. D) He doubts if she makes much money now. 13. A) Writing an essay. B) Studying for a test. C) Shopping for shoes. D) Reading a magazine. 14. A) Because she can't watch TV. B) Because her ears were hurt. C) Because she can't hear the words on the telephone. D) Because her eyes were hurt. 15. A) William is just starting the violin lessons. B) William can't play the violin. C) William is very modest about his performance. D) William is very proud of his performance. 16. A) Children learn by example. B) Children must not tell lies. C) Children don't like discipline. D) Children must control their temper. 17. A) At the Computer Center. B) At home. C) At company. D) At the Oak Street. 18. A) He has refused another dinner appointment. B) He doesn't eat out very often. C) He knows the way to the restaurant. D) He does not like to eat out either. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) How to arrange for a trip. B) How to book a satisfactory room. C) When the shop will be closed. D) What the weather is like. 20. A) Because there is an excellent bus service. B) Because there is an excellent railway service. C) Because there is an excellent subway system. D) Because taxi system there isn't convenient. 21. A) Usually warm but sometimes very cold and wet. B) Always warm. C) Usually cold and wet but sometimes warm. D) Always cold. 22. A) At once. B) Fifteen days later. C) By the 15th of this month. D) In the middle of this year. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. A) He will return to his hometown. B) He will play tennis. C) He will join the woman for dinner. D) He will go to a coffee shop with the woman. 24. A) Because she doesn't drink coffee. B) Because she has a plane to catch. C) Because she has to go to a lesson. D) Because she doesn't like the man. 25. A) He will postpone the trip. B) He will marry the woman. C) He will cook dinner for the woman. D) He will take tennis lessons. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. A) To drink as much as possible each day. B) To drink as actually needed. C) To drink eight glasses of water daily. D) To drink no more than eight glasses daily. 27. A) To drink according to the exercises you have done. B) To drink according to the need of your body. C) To drink according to the seasons. D) To drink according to the World Health Organization's recommendation. 28. A) Because the rule is out of date. B) Because the rule is made for sick people. C) Because the rule is based on the studies under extraordinary conditions. D) Because the rule is based on the need of soldiers and patients. Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. A) They share certain traditional customs. B) They share the traditional costumes. C) They share certain traditional foods. D) They share the traditional music. 30. A) They will exchange rings. B) They will exchange presents. C) They will exchange promises. D) They will exchange flowers. 31. A) To hold a reception party. B) To have a big dinner. C) To congratulate on the couple. D) To shower the couple with rice. Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32. A) It resembles the biological virus. B) It works the same way as the human virus. C) It influences the human as the biological viruses do. D) It spreads to people who use the infected computers. 33. A) They invade the computer and make it a place for manufacturing. B) They spread throughout the whole system by quickly copying themselves. C) They infect the hard disc and the whole system. D) They spread viruses inside the computer system. 34. A) It is a virus that causes great damage. B) It is a virus that once infected the IBM's computer system. C) It is a virus that carries a Christmas greeting. D) It is a virus that causes no harm to the computer systems. 35. A) It can cause no damages at all. B) It can cause damages to the computer systems. C) It can copy your files in computers. D) It can format your hard drive. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. All that we really need to plot out the future of our universe are a few good measurements. This does not mean that we can sit down today and (36) the future course of the universe with anything like (37) . There are still too many things we do not know about the way the universe is put together. But we do know (38) what information we need to fill in our knowledge, and we have a pretty good (39) of how to go about getting it. Perhaps the best way to think of our present situation is to (40) a train coming into a switchyard. All of the switches are set before the train arrives, so that its path is completely (41) . Some switches we can see, others we cannot. There is no doubt if we can see the setting of a switch: we can say with confidence that some (42) futures will not be realized and others will. At the unseen (43) , however, there is no such certainty about it. (44) .The unseen switches are the true decision points in the future, and what happens when we arrive at them determines the entire subsequent course of events. (45) , but after that there are decision points to be dealt with and possible fates to consider. (46) . Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2. Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. Swiss Re Tower is a typical example of green architecture in London, and what is most remarkable about this building is its energy efficiency. Thanks to its artful design and some fancy technology, it is expected to consume up to 50% less energy than a comparable conventional office building. Green architecture is changing the way building are designed, built and run. Green architecture, a term which only came into use in the 1990s, has its origins in the energy crisis of the 1970s, when architects began to question the wisdom of building enclosed glass and steel boxes that required massive heating and cooling systems. The forward looking architects began to explore designs that focused on the long term environmental impact of maintaining and operating a building. This approach has since been formalized in a number of assessment and rating systems, such as the BREEAM standard introduced in Britain in 1990, and the LEED standard developed by the United States Green Building Council starting in 2000. Going green saves money by reducing long term energy costs; a survey of 99 green buildings in America found that on average, they use 30% less energy than comparably conventional buildings. Green buildings can also have other benefits. The use of natural daylight in office buildings, for example, as well as reducing energy costs, also seems to make workers more productive. Lockheed Martin, an aerospace(航空宇宙) firm, found that absenteeism(曠工) fell by 15% after it moved 2 500 employees into a new green building in Sunnyvale, California. 47. Owing to its delicate design and advanced technology, Swiss Re Tower in London uses less energy than those traditional office buildings by . 48. Green architecture could date back to . 49. Today, when assessing and rating architecture, the long term environmental effect in the maintenance of the building has been . 50. Green architectures can reduce expenditure on the maintenance by . 51. Besides the benefit of saving money, green buildings can also bring . Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. Television is often viewed as an anti intellectual medium. But truly clever people know how to use even the most unpromising material, and that is what Val Curtis and her colleagues at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine have done. They employed the mass market appeal of TV to test a long held, but unproven, hypothesis（假設(shè)）: that the emotion of disgust evolved to protect people from disease. They set up their experiment in October 2007, by publicizing it on a BBC program called "Human Instincts". Viewers were invited to visit a website and, after giving a few biographical（個(gè)人介紹的）details, to view a series of 20 pictures and rate each of them for disgustingness on a scale of one to five. They were also asked to choose, from a list of possible candidates, with whom they would least like to share a toothbrush. The results showed that in all seven pairs, the disease distinct pictures were more disgusting than their counterparts. For things like the apparent depiction of bodily fluids, or of a face that had been "enhanced" with spots, that may come as no surprise. But a crowded railway carriage was more distinguishing than an empty one, and a louse more disgusting than a wasp. These last results confirmed Dr Curtis's suspicion that disgust is not, as many disgust researchers believe, just a way of avoiding eating disease bearing materials. Rather, it extends to threats that might be contagious（傳染性的）. Indeed, one result of the study was to show that the young are easier to disgust than the old. Another result was that women are more easily disgusted than men. Both of these make evolutionary sense. The young have more reproductive potential than the old, so should be more careful about what they touch and eat. And women are usually burdened with bringing up the children, so have to be disgusted on their offspring's behalf, as well as their own. The results of the toothbrush study made similar sense. Strangers are more likely to carry new bacteria than acquaintances. Hence, of the available choices of toothbrush partner, a postman came off worst, and a lover best. A brush notionally belonging to a weatherman was, however, preferred to the boss's. Clearly the British feel more intimacy with the former than the later. Perhaps it might have been instructive to include a famous television personality among the choices? 52. In the first paragraph television is mentioned to . A) prove that what some intellectuals had claimed is wrong B) show that TV is an essential part of British people's daily life C) demonstrate that mass media is a very profitable industry D) introduce the media through which the survey was advertised 53. The experiment is chiefly done by . A) watching the TV program called "Human Instincts" and filling out feedback forms B) visiting different websites and making matches between pictures and numbers C) rating various photos with numbers and selecting from a choice list D) filling in biographical details and choosing a toothbrush 54. Which of the following is true about the result of the experiment? A) A spotted face is more disgusting than a picture of bodily fluids. B) A full packed subway is more disgusting than a louse. C) A bleeding face is the most disgusting one. D) A wasp makes people feel better than a louse. 55. The results of the experiment make evolutionary sense in that . A) old people are less likely to produce goods for the society than the young B) people's emotion of disgust is often related to the safety of their children C) women are more likely to bring up children independent of men's help D) old people are more likely to be disgusted than women 56. The results of the toothbrush experiment show that . A) a boss is normally less clean and healthy than a weatherman B) a postman is often dirtier than a lover C) a public figure is often more popular than a boss in Britain D) a famous television personality is the best toothbrush partner Passage Two Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. When it comes to health, the poor are doubly cursed. Not only are they more prone to deadly infectious diseases than the rich, but they have far less access to the means of improvement. Twenty years ago, Paul Farmer, an American doctor and anthropologist（人類學(xué)者）, set out to do something about this. Amid the political turmoil（混亂）and poverty of rural Haiti, he created a community based health care system called Zanmi Lasante, or Partners in Health. It not only delivers appropriate, affordable medical treatment to thousands of poor people, but goes beyond the clinic to address the social causes making them sick and keeping them from getting better. As Dr. Farmer argues, improving the health of the poor is not just a medical challenge, but a question of human rights. Tackling the inequality, racism, sexism and other forms of "structural violence" which oppress the poor is as critical as extending the drugs. Or as his Haiti patients put it, medicine without food is like washing one's hands and drying them in the dirt. Unfortunately, Dr. Farmer's powerful message is often weakened by his book's academic tone. It does, however, scream out in passages describing the human face of "structural violence". It is these personal stories that make Dr. Farmer's anger at such "stupid deaths" so compelling. The good doctor's motives and methods are better described in Mountains Beyond Mountains. This biography by Tracy Kidder traces Dr. Farmer from his unconventional upbringing and unusual education, shuttling (來(lái)回穿梭于) between the shacks of central Haiti and the halls of Harvard Medical School, to his later work around the world. Though well written, Mr. Kidder's book also makes for uncomfortable reading. The author is clearly close to his subject, having traveled with Dr. Farmer from the green poverty of Haiti to the tubercular whiteness of Russia. Too close, perhaps. The biographer seems to be seeking his subject's approval, rather than the other way round. Mr. Kidder writes, rather disturbingly, about his fear of disappointing Dr. Farmer, his own pain at wounding him with a critical remark and his relief at the doctor's forgiveness. When Mr. Kidder's health falls, this dependence becomes all the more intense. But rather than compromise the book's equity（公正）, this intimacy serves to highlight Dr. Farmer's admirable, yet ultimately irritating, character. As Mr. Kidder observes, "Farmer wasn't put on earth to make anyone feel comfortable, except those lucky enough to be his patients or those unlucky enough to need him." 57. What makes the "Partners in Health" system unique compared with traditional hospitals? A) It makes attempts to help the poor on a social level. B) It is aimed at treating poor people for free. C) It is designed to help the poor rise from poverty. D) It offers community help to those who are poor. 58. What can be inferred from the last sentence of the second paragraph? A) Hands should not be dried in the dirt after washing. B) Medicine is also needed for cleaning hands. C) Medicine is not a long term cure to their poor health. D) Food can cure their disease better than any medicine. 59. The disadvantage of Dr. Farmer's book seems to be that. A) the plots in the book are not attractive enough B) the way he tells the stories is not compelling enough C) the anger he expresses at "stupid deaths" is too strong D) the tone is not strong enough to arouse people's attention 60. Mr. Kidder's book also makes for uncomfortable reading because . A) Mr. Kidder himself has never been involved in Dr. Farmer's life B) Mr. Kidder is afraid of making true comments on Dr. Farmer C) Mr. Kidder's emotions prevent him from independent writing D) Mr. Kidder is always waiting for Dr. Farmer's forgiveness 61. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that . A) Dr. Farmer only helped those who are lucky enough B) Dr. Farmer may have severely criticized the society C) Dr. Farmer was not actually making his patients comfortable D) Dr. Farmer's job is not to make people comfortable Part Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. The horse and carriage is a thing of the past, but love and marriage are still with us and still closely interrelated. Most American marriages, 62 first marriages uniting young people, are the result of mutual attraction and affection 63 than practical considerations. In the United States, parents do not 64 marriages for their children. Teenagers begin 65 in high school and usually find mates through their own academic and social 66 . Though young people feel free to choose their friends from 67 groups, most choose a mate of similar 68 . This is due in part to parental guidance. Parents can not 69 spouses (配偶) for their children, but they can usually 70 choices by voicing disapproval of someone they consider unsuitable. 71 , marriages between members of different groups (interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are 72 , probably because of the greater mobility of today's youth and the fact that they are 73 by fewer prejudices than their parents. Many young people leave their hometowns to attend college, serve in the armed forces, 74 pursue a career in a bigger city. Once away from home and family, they are more 75 to date and marry outside their own social group. In mobile American society, interclass marriages are neither 76 nor astonishing. Interfaith marriages are 77 the rise, especially between Protestants (基督教徒) and Catholics (天主教徒) . On the other hand, interracial marriages are still very 78 . It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and 79 a family. Marriages between people of different national 80 (but the same race and religion) have been commonplace here 81 colonial times. 62. A) specially B) naturally C) particularly D) fortunately 63. A) more B) rather C) less D) better 64. A) arrange B) engage C) manage D)propose 65. A) appointing B) dating C) marrying D)playing 66. A) positions B) associations C) contracts D) contacts 67. A) separate B) identical C) independent D) different 68. A) background B) situation C) circumstance D) condition 69. A) object B)reject C) select D) approve 70. A) influence B) make C) afford D) provide 71. A) Therefore B)However C) Moreover D)Likewise 72. A) declining B) prohibiting C) increasing D)reducing 73. A) respected B)retained C) reserved D) restricted 74. A) but B) or C) so D) unless 75. A) likely B) possible C) reluctant D) eager 76. A) scarce B) risky C) rare D) rigid 77. A) in B) at C) for D) on 78. A) normal B) uncommon C) ordinary D) usual 79. A) raise B) settle C) grow D) unite 80. A) source B) convention C) origin D) immigrant 81. A) since B) with C) by D) during Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2 82. If she had not become a Japanese citizen, (冠軍屬于)China. 83. Many overweight people can bring down their blood pressure just by (減輕體重)10 to 20 pounds. 84. By the end of the 15th century what had developed into being was a modified, (大大地豐富了的英語(yǔ)). 85. Young as he is, the child has developed the ability to look at things (從成人的角度). 86. The history professor has spent most of his time in icy Alaska, where the Eskimos still (堅(jiān)持傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗). Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 本文主要介紹了飛機(jī)的相關(guān)知識(shí)，包括飛機(jī)內(nèi)部的一些重要儀器及它們的功能，飛機(jī)的制造和發(fā)展，指出了現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)與早期飛機(jī)的不同之處及相關(guān)問(wèn)題；介紹了飛機(jī)場(chǎng)的規(guī)模和功用，飛機(jī)跑道、機(jī)場(chǎng)控制塔、機(jī)場(chǎng)大樓等的工作原理及作用等。 1. N)［精析］本文介紹了飛機(jī)、飛機(jī)場(chǎng)等有關(guān)設(shè)施的特點(diǎn)，并沒(méi)有介紹飛機(jī)的發(fā)展史。 2. NG）［定位］由題干關(guān)鍵詞an automatic pilot定位到第1個(gè)標(biāo)題下的第二段第一句話。 ［精析］原文指出自動(dòng)駕駛儀無(wú)需駕駛員按任何按鈕便可駕駛飛機(jī)，甚至可以自動(dòng)起飛和降落。但并未提及它駕駛飛機(jī)比駕駛員強(qiáng)。 3. Y）［定位］由題干關(guān)鍵詞the radio equipment定位到第1個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第二段末句，"The radio equipment allows...to receive navigation signals." ?。劬觯菰摼湟鉃?無(wú)線設(shè)備使駕駛員能夠與地面控制人員談話，接收導(dǎo)航信號(hào)"，是題干的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。 4. Y）［定位］由題干關(guān)鍵詞solid定位到第2個(gè)標(biāo)題下首段首句Early airplanes were made of wood frames covered by fabric and held in shape by wire. ［精析］該句意為"早期的飛機(jī)是由鐵絲固定，織物包裹的木結(jié)構(gòu)制成的"，這顯然不如現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)堅(jiān)固。 5. N）［定位］由題干關(guān)鍵詞Grapevine和Texas定位到第3個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第三段首句One of the largest...of Dallas and Fort Worth. ［精析］由該句可知Grapevine，Texas是世界的機(jī)場(chǎng)之一的所在地。而世界上最繁忙的機(jī)場(chǎng)是位于本段倒數(shù)第二句的"O'Hare International Airport, in Chicago"。 6. Y）［定位］由題干關(guān)鍵詞runways定位到第四個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第三段首句。 ?。劬觯莸谌问拙涮岬紿eavily loaded passenger jets need long runways to gather enough speed to leave the ground，可知跑道必須足夠長(zhǎng)。另外首段也提到現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)越來(lái)越重，也要求跑道足夠堅(jiān)固。 7. N）［定位］由題干關(guān)鍵詞Precision Approach Radar (PAR)定位到第5個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第二段。 ?。劬觯萦稍摱慰芍狿recision Approach Radar (PAR)是用于引導(dǎo)向機(jī)場(chǎng)靠近的飛機(jī)的系統(tǒng)，而用于引導(dǎo)遠(yuǎn)離機(jī)場(chǎng)的飛機(jī)的系統(tǒng)是Ground Control Approach (GCA)。 8. electronic "microwave" landing systems (MLS) ［定位］由題干關(guān)鍵詞control towers定位到第5個(gè)小標(biāo)題末段末句。 ［精析］末段末句提到"電子微波著陸系統(tǒng)可以使飛機(jī)自動(dòng)著陸"，由此可知答案。 9. customs and passport control ［定位］由題意可定位到最后一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下首段第六句。 ?。劬觯輳亩ㄎ痪淇芍獜耐鈬?guó)過(guò)來(lái)的乘客需要通過(guò)海關(guān)和護(hù)照檢測(cè)。 10. a special signal ［定位］由題干關(guān)鍵詞detector定位到全文末段倒數(shù)第三句。 ［精析］從定位句可知如果有人攜帶金屬物品，檢測(cè)器就會(huì)發(fā)出特殊信號(hào)。 Part ⅢListening Comprehension Section A 11. M: Gordon needs to find another place to live. The apartment he rents now has been sold to a new owner. W: He'd better start looking right away. When all the students come back in a few weeks, he won't find any near the campus. Q: What does the woman suggest Gordon do? A）。從選項(xiàng)可以猜測(cè)本題是對(duì)行為的考查，考查某人應(yīng)該做某事，因此聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)要側(cè)重建議性的句型信息。男士說(shuō)Gordon needs to find another place to live,可知此人想找房子，接著女士說(shuō)He'd better start looking right away。had better do sth.是建議句型的提示信息，后面的內(nèi)容即是答案所在。 12. W: Judy earned a lot of money over the summer as an advisor for that agency. M: I don't doubt it. What surprises me is that she is still working there, now that classes have started again. Q: What does the man say about Judy? B)。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題考查男士的觀點(diǎn)，聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)應(yīng)著重理解男士的話。從女士話中的earn money，over the summer可知對(duì)話涉及學(xué)校兼職工作，男士的回答中出現(xiàn)了What surprises me is that...，這是明顯的提示信息，其后即是答案所在。 13. M: There is an article here in this magazine that might interest you. It's about buying running shoes. W: If it's not chemistry and it's not on the final exam, I can read it now. Q: What is the woman probably doing now? B）。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題考查正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。對(duì)話中男士在向女士推薦一篇文章，解題關(guān)鍵在于理解女士答話中的if條件句，"如果不是因?yàn)榛瘜W(xué)和期末考試，我現(xiàn)在就能讀了"。那么真實(shí)情況也就是"我在準(zhǔn)備考試，沒(méi)時(shí)間讀文章"。 14. W: Please turn down the television. I can't hear anything my friend is saying on the phone. M: Hurry up and finish your call. I don't like standing so close. The light hurts my eyes. Q: Why is the woman upset? C）。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題是對(duì)原因提問(wèn)，并且是針對(duì)女士，聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)應(yīng)著重體會(huì)因果關(guān)系。對(duì)話中女士要求關(guān)閉電視，并直接說(shuō)明了理由，can't hear anything on the phone，與C)相符。至于男士的要求及其理由是本題的干擾項(xiàng)，注意辨別。 15. W: I was quite surprised when I heard William play the violin. From the way he talked I thought he was just starting his lessons. M: Oh, that's the way he always talks. Q: What do we learn about William from this conversation? C）。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題是對(duì)William的行為進(jìn)行判斷。聽(tīng)力考試中考生不僅要辨別細(xì)節(jié)和事實(shí)，還要具備根據(jù)內(nèi)涵、語(yǔ)氣等進(jìn)行推斷的能力。本題女士話中的surprised暗示W(wǎng)illiam的violin表現(xiàn)出人意料，但從From the way...his lessons可推出他說(shuō)話謙虛，讓女士原以為他剛開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)violin。 16. W: It's really a big problem to teach our children how to behave. When I get angry, I say things I don't mean. M: If you want your kids to be polite, you'll have to be polite to them. Q: What conclusion can be drawn from this conversation? A）。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題是對(duì)孩子的行為進(jìn)行判斷。從女士話中的children，teach，behave可知對(duì)話是在討論孩子教育問(wèn)題。本題關(guān)鍵在于理解男士的回答，"如果你希望孩子們有禮貌，你就必須對(duì)他們有禮貌"，強(qiáng)調(diào)父母的榜樣力量，由此可歸納出Children learn by example的結(jié)論。 17. M: Good morning, I'd like to speak to Mr. Jones, please. This is Tim Kunts at the Oak Street computer center. W: Mr. Kunts, my husband isn't at home. I can give you his business phone if you'd like to call him at work, though. Q: Where is Mr. Kunts now? C）。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題是對(duì)地點(diǎn)提問(wèn)，聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)應(yīng)著重聽(tīng)表示地點(diǎn)的詞。從男士話中I'd like to speak to...可知他在打電話找Mr. Jones，而接電話的是女士，從她答話中的not at home，business phone以及call him at work可以推斷出答案是at company。 18. W: I have eaten in so many restaurants during the past week that the thought of eating out again makes me sick. M: I feel the same way, but there is no way to get out of this dinner appointment. Q: What does the man mean? D）。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題考查男士在restaurant或eat out上的觀點(diǎn)或行為。從女士話中的so many restaurants以及make me sick可知女士反感eat out，男士則回應(yīng)feel the same way表明他同意女士的觀點(diǎn)。故答案為D)。A)為干擾項(xiàng)，男士答話中的no way...appointment 表示他們無(wú)法拒絕。 Now you'll hear two long conversations. Conversation One M: ...And where do you recommend I shall stay?（19） What's the Holiday Inn like? W: It's nice there. It's in the city centre and has all the usual business facilities you'll need. The service is first class. M: Oh, good. So I'll get a room there. Now, what's the best way to get into the hotel from the airport? Should I take a taxi? W: Well, (20)you can, but you don't have to. The subway system is very convenient. M: Mmm..., Can you tell me something about the business hours? I mean, what time are the banks open? W: The banks? They open at half past eight and close at four thirty. M: I see. And are they open on Saturday too? W: I'm afraid not. And I'd better warn you, the shops close early on Saturday. During the week they're open until half past six, but on Saturdays they close at four. M: At four! Right. Now, what's the weather like at this time of year? W: Well, it's (21)usually warm. But sometimes it turns very cold and wet. So don't forget to take what you may need with you. By the way, when are you going on this trip? M: Oh, (22)not until the middle of the month. The fifteenth, I think. Anything else you want to advise me? W: No, nothing I can see. It's a nice country, peaceful and calm, and people are friendly. I'm sure you'll enjoy your stay there. 19. What are the two speakers talking about? A）。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題是主旨題。對(duì)話談到了住處Holiday Inn(假日酒店)，交通工具taxi和subway，bank和shop的營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間以及weather，可見(jiàn)是在安排旅行。 20. Why is it not necessary for the man to take a taxi to the hotel? C）。由選項(xiàng)可知本題是對(duì)原因提問(wèn)，男士的問(wèn)句Should I take a taxi?是本題的提示信號(hào)，下面女士的回答：you can, but you don't have to否定了對(duì)方的想法，并直接說(shuō)明了原因The subway system is very convenient，故答案為C)。 21. What's the weather like at this season? A）。由選項(xiàng)可知本題是對(duì)天氣提問(wèn)。What's the weather like?是本題的提示信息，下面聽(tīng)到的usually warm，but sometimes it turns very cold and wet 即為本題答案。 22. When will the man go on the trip? C）。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題是對(duì)時(shí)間提問(wèn)，聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)要注意表示時(shí)間的詞。本題也有提示問(wèn)句：When are you going on this trip? 其后的回答：not until the middle of the month. The fifteenth, I think.鎖定了答案為C)。 Conversation Two W: Bill, is that really you? I haven't seen you for months. M: Hello, Christina. Yes, it has been a long time. Good to see you. How have you been? W: I've been okay. I've just been so busy with school. We really should get together and catch up. How about joining me for dinner tonight? M: (23) I'd love to, but I'm taking off for Miami at 8:00 tonight if everything goes well. I'm going home because my brother is getting married on Saturday morning. W: That's great. Congratulations! I hope that you have a nice time at home. You'll just have to take a rain check on that dinner invitation. M: Well, what are you doing now? Maybe we can go to the coffee shop and chat for a while. There is an attractive, little place I know of down the street. W: (24) I really wish I could, but I'm on my way to the tennis courts. M: Tennis courts? I didn't know you could play tennis. W: It sounds like that, but actually I can't. (24) I'm taking lessons so I can learn. My roommate is on the tennis team and she's gotten me interested in the sport. Do you know how to play? M: A little, but I haven't played for years. I really like the game, though. (25) When I come back from my trip, I think I'll join you in taking lessons. W: It's a deal. Just give me a call when you get back. M: You got it. 23. What will the man do tonight? A）。由選項(xiàng)可知本題是對(duì)男士將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行判斷。寒暄后，女士提出dinner tonight，男士回答I'd love to，but...委婉拒絕了邀請(qǐng)。But提示后面為原因，I'm taking off for Miami，后又補(bǔ)充說(shuō)是going home，故答案為A)。其后的rain check是"延期"的意思。 24. Why can't the woman join the man for coffee? C）。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題是對(duì)原因提問(wèn)。由上題可知男士無(wú)法與女士共進(jìn)晚餐，因而提出了go to the coffee shop and chat for a while的建議，女士回答：I really wish I could, but...同樣委婉拒絕了邀請(qǐng)，并提示后面的原因，即I'm on my way to the tennis courts. I'm taking lessons.與C) 相符。 25. Which of the following did the man agree to do? D）。由選項(xiàng)可知本題同樣是對(duì)男士的行為進(jìn)行判斷。抓住關(guān)鍵句I'll join you in taking lessons.即可推斷出答案為D)。 Section B Passage One If you're confused about how much water you really need, I'm not surprised. (26)Conflicting advice in recent headlines appears against the old "8 a day" advice we all grew up with. Is it necessary to swallow down eight glasses of water daily, or is this recommendation exaggerated and out of date? We've heard for years that eight glasses of water daily is the minimum necessary to keep healthy. Your weight loss and health depend on it. Drink the minimum and see clearer skin, better sleep, and improved vision. We're warned of the danger of water shortage in our body without at least eight glasses. But, (27)the tide has turned away from liquid requirement toward examining your daily diet, including what you eat, as well as what you drink. The answer is - you need what you need! If it's summer, you need more. If you're exercising, you need more. If you're a "normal person who sits a lot, who is not sweating, and not exercising more than 15-20 minutes daily, Dr. Heinz Valtin of Dartmouth Medical School says you need no more than four glasses of water daily. Most drinks can be counted as part of your daily fluid consumption. Although the World Health Organization recommends that everyone drink a minimum of two liters of water daily, or about eight cups, (28)the old "8 a day" rule is based on studies performed on people under extraordinary circumstances, including soldiers at high altitude and hospitalized patients. What you and I need is different. 26. What is the traditional opinion concerning water drinking? C）。預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)可知，本題與飲水習(xí)慣有關(guān)?？碱}考查的是traditional opinion。遵循短文聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)首尾句的原則，在文章第一句提出問(wèn)題后，第二句接著就說(shuō)到Conflicting advice in recent headlines appears against the old "8 a day" advice we all grew up with，符合題目中traditional opinion的要求，C)為答案。 27. According to the passage, what is the more proper way of drinking water? B）。分析選項(xiàng)可知，本題與飲水的根據(jù)有關(guān)。文章開(kāi)始先分析了傳統(tǒng)的每天8杯水的觀點(diǎn)，接著用一個(gè)but進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，提出新的觀點(diǎn)。由于在短文理解中but、however、only、just等后面往往是出考題之處，可知本題的考點(diǎn)即在此處:"But, the tide has turned away...the answer is - you need what you need!"。 28. Why does the author believe that the "8aday" rule doesn't apply to all people? C）。本題的考點(diǎn)在文章結(jié)尾，分析選項(xiàng)可知，本題考查制定"8aday" rule的原因。本題中需要注意的是although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，事實(shí)上，主句前隱含了轉(zhuǎn)折的意味，與but、however等一樣，這是一個(gè)暗含的出題點(diǎn)。The old "8aday" rule is based on studies performed on people under extraordinary circumstances，遵循"聽(tīng)到即是解"的原則，C)為答案。 Passage Two Weddings in the United States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings; there are weddings on mountain tops with guests barefooted; and there have been weddings underwater on the ocean floor. But (29)many weddings, no matter where they are performed, include certain traditional customs. Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready, then comes the most exciting moment. The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The guests enter the church first while the wedding music is played. The bride carrying flowers enters last with her father who will "give her away". The bridegroom enters the church from a side door. (30)Then the couple will exchange their solemn promises to each other. It is traditional to use the words "To have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to care, till death do us part". Following this, the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom. After the ceremony there is often a party, called a "reception" which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlywedded couple. After all the procedures, (31)the couple runs to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. And then the couple just go on their honeymoon. 29. What is in common for those weddings held in different locations? A）。通過(guò)預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)可知，本題與婚禮習(xí)俗有關(guān)。文章一開(kāi)頭就列舉了各種不同的婚禮方式，然后用but進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，many weddings, no matter where they are performed, include certain traditional customs，but后面的內(nèi)容即是本題的答案。本題中的B)具有干擾性，主要考查考生對(duì)讀音相近的兩個(gè)單詞customs和costumes的辨析。 30. What will the new couple do after all the guests enter the church? C）。分析選項(xiàng)可知，本題與婚禮的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)有關(guān)，因此聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)一定要對(duì)婚禮進(jìn)行的過(guò)程仔細(xì)辨聽(tīng)，做些記錄。聽(tīng)音后可知，婚禮儀式的程序是：賓客入場(chǎng)、新娘入場(chǎng)、新郎入場(chǎng)、交換誓言、交換戒指和舉行宴會(huì)。其中Then the couple will exchange their solemn promises to each other是本題的考查內(nèi)容。 31. What is the custom before the couple goes on a honeymoon? D）。預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)可知，本題與婚禮結(jié)束后的習(xí)俗有關(guān)?？键c(diǎn)在文章的結(jié)尾：the couple run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. And then the couple just go on their honeymoon. Passage Three The computer virus is an outcome of the computer overgrowth in the 1980s. (32)The cause of the term "computer virus" is the likeness between the biological virus and the evil program infected with computers. The origin of this term came from an American science fiction "The Adolescence of P-1" written by Thomas J. Ryan, published in 1977. Human viruses invade a living cell and turn it into a factory for manufacturing viruses. However, (33)computer viruses are small programs. They expand by attaching a copy of themselves to another program. Once attached to the host program, the viruses then look for other programs to "infect". In this way, the virus can spread quickly throughout a hard disk or an entire organization when it infects a LAN or a multiuser system. The timing of the attack can be linked to a number of situations, including a certain time or date, the presence of a particular file, the security level of the user, and the number of times a file is used. Likewise, the mode of attack varies. (34)So called "benign" or the harmless viruses might simply display a message, like the one that infected IBM's main computer system last Christmas with a season's greeting. (35)Malignant or the harmful viruses are designed to damage the system. The attack is to wipe out data, to delete files, or to format the hard disk. 32. How did the name of "computer virus" come into being? A）。通過(guò)預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)可知，本題與電腦病毒有關(guān)。應(yīng)遵循短文聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)首尾的原則，文章一開(kāi)始就明確了說(shuō)明對(duì)象是computer virus。本題考查該名稱的由來(lái)，但文中是以原因的形式出現(xiàn)的：The cause of the term "computer virus" is the likeness between the biological virus and the evil program infected with computers，A)的說(shuō)法正是該定義的簡(jiǎn)短描述。其中，resemble是"...與...相似的"意思，而文中的說(shuō)法是the likeness between...and...，二者是一致的。 33. What is the way that the computer viruses infect the computer systems? B）。分析選項(xiàng)可知，本題考查電腦病毒的工作方式。由于其特殊性，可遵循"聽(tīng)到即是解"的原則解題。文章先介紹了人類病毒的工作方式，然后用一個(gè)however引出了本題的答案：computer viruses are small programs. They expand by attaching a copy of themselves to another program。 34. What is a "benign" virus? D）。預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)可知，本題與一種電腦病毒有關(guān)。題目中的benign是關(guān)鍵詞，由此可以很容易定位到：So called "benign" or the harmless viruses might simply display a message...，可見(jiàn)本題的答案是以同位語(yǔ)的形式出現(xiàn)的，所謂"良性"病毒就是D)所說(shuō)的不會(huì)造成危害的病毒。 35. What can a "malignant" virus do to your computer? B）。預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)可知，本題仍然與一種電腦病毒有關(guān)。由于上一道題目考查了"良性"病毒，根據(jù)常識(shí)可以推斷本題定然會(huì)考查與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的"惡性"病毒的危害。聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)的關(guān)鍵詞是malignant，由此可以很容易定位到：Malignant or the harmful viruses are designed to damage the system，這正是B)的同義表達(dá)。 Section C 36. outline ?。埸c(diǎn)撥］空格前是and，and前后成分相同，所以空格處為動(dòng)詞原形。根據(jù)句意推測(cè)：宇宙未來(lái)可以預(yù)測(cè)，但這并不意味著單單坐著就肯定能夠概括宇宙未來(lái)的發(fā)展過(guò)程。 37. certainty ［點(diǎn)撥］空格前是anything like，后面應(yīng)該為名詞。由36題的分析，可以推出這里表示"一定，肯定"的意思。 38. exactly ?。埸c(diǎn)撥］空格前是動(dòng)詞know，后面是賓語(yǔ)，可見(jiàn)中間缺一副詞來(lái)修飾know。根據(jù)前后文可以推測(cè)：我們不清楚宇宙的構(gòu)成，但卻十分清楚我們的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域缺乏什么信息。 39. idea ?。埸c(diǎn)撥］空格前是a good，可見(jiàn)空格處為名詞。根據(jù)38題分析，接下來(lái)的句意應(yīng)該是：我們也清楚地知道如何得到這些信息。 40. imagine ?。埸c(diǎn)撥］空格前是不定式to，可見(jiàn)空格處為動(dòng)詞原形。根據(jù)句意推測(cè)：我們考慮目前形勢(shì)的方式就是假想一輛進(jìn)站的火車(chē)。 41. determined ?。埸c(diǎn)撥］空格前是is completely，可知空格處為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。根據(jù)句意，火車(chē)進(jìn)站前所有的開(kāi)關(guān)都設(shè)定好了，我們可以推測(cè)：它前進(jìn)的路就完全確定了。 42. possible ［點(diǎn)撥］空格前是some，后為futures，可以確定空格處是一形容詞。前后句連起來(lái)的意思為：如果能看清開(kāi)關(guān)的設(shè)置，就可以肯定有些未來(lái)是不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，而其余的能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。 43. switches ?。埸c(diǎn)撥］空格前是the unseen，可見(jiàn)空格為名詞。前面的句子交代了有些開(kāi)關(guān)是可見(jiàn)的，有些是不可見(jiàn)的，所以這里應(yīng)該是不可見(jiàn)的開(kāi)關(guān)switches。 44. We know the train will take one of the tracks leading out, but we have no idea which one ?。勐?tīng)音關(guān)鍵詞］know，train，take tracks，no idea，which one 45. When we think about the future of the universe, we can see our "track" many billions of years into the future ?。勐?tīng)音關(guān)鍵詞］think about，future of universe，see track，billions 46. The goal of science is to reduce the vagueness at the decision points and find the true road that will be followed ［聽(tīng)音關(guān)鍵詞］goal of science，reduce vagueness，find true road Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) Section A 隨著全球能源緊張和環(huán)境污染日益嚴(yán)重，綠色建筑逐漸成為全世界共同關(guān)注的話題。其特點(diǎn)為減少能源和資源消耗，并盡可能采用新技術(shù)和新材料。 47. nearly 50% ［定位］根據(jù)題干中的Swiss Re Tower可以定位到第一段第二句：Thanks to its artful design and some fancy technology, it is expected to consume up to 50% less energy than a comparable conventional office building. ?。劬猓蓊}目問(wèn)的是得益于其精良的設(shè)計(jì)、先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，Swiss Re Tower比傳統(tǒng)辦公大樓能節(jié)省多少能源。該句意為"由于其設(shè)計(jì)精良，技術(shù)先進(jìn)，Swiss Re Tower有望比傳統(tǒng)建筑節(jié)能近50％"。題干中的owing to與原文中thanks to的同義，traditional與conventional同義。by在此句中為介詞，表程度相差多少的意思，后面應(yīng)接數(shù)字。故答案為nearly 50%。 48. the energy crisis of the 1970s ?。鄱ㄎ唬莞鶕?jù)題干中的green architecture可以定位到第二段Green architecture, ...has its origins in the energy crisis of the 1970s.... ?。劬猓萦稍摱慰芍壕G色建筑的來(lái)源要追溯到20世紀(jì)70年代的能源危機(jī)。題目中的could date back to是對(duì)has its origins in the energy crisis of the 1970s的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為the energy crisis of the 1970s。 49. widely taken into consideration in the developed world ?。鄱ㄎ唬莞鶕?jù)題干中提到的assessing and rating可以定位到第三段第二句：This approach has since been formalized in a number of assessment and rating systems, such as the BREEAM standard introduced in Britain in 1990, and the LEED standard developed by the United States Green Building Council starting in 2000. ?。劬猓荼绢}考查在一系列建筑評(píng)估體系中，建筑的維修和保養(yǎng)對(duì)環(huán)境的長(zhǎng)期影響也在評(píng)估之列。根據(jù)This approach has since been formalized in a number of assessment and rating systems可知，這一原則已被成文化，而且下文舉例提到了英國(guó)的BREEAM和美國(guó)的LEED standard，據(jù)此可知，這一規(guī)則已被發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家引起重視?？崭裉幦鄙僦^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且位于has been之后，故答案應(yīng)為widely taken into consideration in the developed world。 50. cutting long term energy costs ?。鄱ㄎ唬萦深}干中的green, reduce將答案定位到原文第四段第一句：Going green saves money by reducing longterm energy costs;... ［精解］題目問(wèn)的是綠色建筑怎樣降低了成本。題干中的reduce expenditure是對(duì)saves money的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，by在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，即cutting longterm energy costs。 51. economic benefits ?。鄱ㄎ唬莞鶕?jù)benefit可以定位到第五段第二句：The use of natural daylight in office buildings, for example, as well as reducing energy costs, also seems to make workers more productive. ?。劬猓蓊}目問(wèn)的是除了節(jié)省成本，綠色建筑還有哪些優(yōu)勢(shì)。根據(jù)下面提到的make workers more productive可知，它還可以為企業(yè)帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，故答案為economic benefits。 Section B Passage One ?。?2）電視通常被認(rèn)為是不利于智力的媒介。但是真正聰明的人知道怎樣利用最沒(méi)有價(jià)值的東西，而這就是在倫敦衛(wèi)生和熱帶醫(yī)藥學(xué)校的Val Curtis和她的同事們所做的事。（52）她們借助具有大眾市場(chǎng)吸引力的電視來(lái)測(cè)試一個(gè)提出已久卻沒(méi)有被證實(shí)的假設(shè)：惡心的感覺(jué)是人們?yōu)榱祟A(yù)防疾病而產(chǎn)生的。 ?。?2）(53)他們的試驗(yàn)在2007年10月通過(guò)BBC一個(gè)被叫做"人類本能"的專欄節(jié)目上進(jìn)行公布。他們邀請(qǐng)觀眾訪問(wèn)一個(gè)網(wǎng)站，在給出一系列個(gè)人細(xì)節(jié)信息后，（53）觀眾要看20張圖片，并且用1-5分按照令人惡心的程度給照片打分。他們還要從一系列可能的候選人名單中選出他們最不愿意與誰(shuí)共用牙刷。 測(cè)試結(jié)果顯示，在所有七組圖片中，疾病跡象很明顯的圖片比無(wú)疾病跡象的圖片更令人惡心。對(duì)明顯的體液外流或是有著被"放大了"的斑點(diǎn)的人臉的惡心就沒(méi)有什么令人吃驚的了。只是一個(gè)擁擠的火車(chē)車(chē)廂比空著的要更令人惡心，而且（54）虱子比馬蜂更令人惡心。 這些最終的結(jié)果證實(shí)了Curtis大夫的懷疑，即惡心不像很多研究惡心的學(xué)者認(rèn)為的只是一種避免吃帶有疾病的物質(zhì)的方式。其實(shí)，惡心可以延伸到可能造成傳染的威脅上。實(shí)際上，該研究的一個(gè)結(jié)果證實(shí)了年輕人比老年人更容易惡心。另外一個(gè)結(jié)果是女性比男性更容易惡心。這兩點(diǎn)都有著進(jìn)化方面的意義。（55）年輕人比老年人更具有繁殖能力，所以應(yīng)該更注意他們接觸什么和吃些什么。而婦女通常是負(fù)有養(yǎng)育孩子的擔(dān)子，所以也必須為了后代和自身的利益去惡心。 牙刷試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果也有同樣的道理。陌生人比熟人更容易攜帶新的病菌。因此，在與之共用牙刷的可選擇項(xiàng)中，郵遞員是最令人惡心的，而愛(ài)人則是最不令人惡心的。然而人們好像寧肯和天氣預(yù)報(bào)員共用牙刷也不愿意和老板共用。（56）很明顯，英國(guó)人對(duì)天氣預(yù)報(bào)員比對(duì)老板感到親近?；蛟S在選項(xiàng)中放上一個(gè)電視節(jié)目主持人會(huì)更有啟發(fā)意義？ 52. D）。［定位］由題干定位到首段首句Television is often viewed as an antiintellectual medium. ［精析］從原文首段最后一句"她們借助具有大眾市場(chǎng)吸引力的電視來(lái)測(cè)試一個(gè)提出已久卻沒(méi)有被證實(shí)的假設(shè)"可推知，研究人員只不過(guò)是利用電視作為宣傳他們的測(cè)試的媒體。第2段首句說(shuō)"他們?cè)贐BC的節(jié)目上公布這個(gè)測(cè)試"也進(jìn)一步證明了提到電視只不過(guò)是為了引出宣傳該測(cè)試的媒介。故D）"介紹借以宣傳測(cè)試的媒介"為正確答案。 排除干擾A）"證明一些學(xué)者的聲明錯(cuò)誤"在原文沒(méi)有涉及；B）"證明電視是英國(guó)人日常生活的重要部分"并不是文章的中心所在，排除；C）"展示大眾媒體是一個(gè)非常贏利的行業(yè)"在原文中沒(méi)有提及；故均排除。 53. C）。［定位］由題干中的The experiment定位到第二段首句They set up their experiment in October 2007, by publicizing it on a BBC programme called "Human Instincts". ?。劬觯菰牡诙我恢痹跀⑹鲈囼?yàn)進(jìn)行的方式，主要是兩件事，一是給圖片定1-5的等級(jí)，二是選擇你最不愿意與之共用牙刷的人。C）"為各種照片評(píng)級(jí)和進(jìn)行一個(gè)選擇"是對(duì)文意的概括，為正確答案。 排除干擾A）"觀看名叫‘人類本能'的電視節(jié)目，并填寫(xiě)反饋表格"沒(méi)涉及試驗(yàn)，而且試驗(yàn)里并沒(méi)有填反饋表格，排除；B）"訪問(wèn)不同的網(wǎng)站然后給圖片和數(shù)字配對(duì)"不是試驗(yàn)內(nèi)容，排除；D）填寫(xiě)個(gè)人信息雖然正確，但是后面說(shuō)"要選出一個(gè)牙刷"不是試驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容，排除。 54. D）。［定位］由題干中的the result of the experiment定位到第三段首句The results showed that in all seven pairs... ［精析］由原文"虱子比馬蜂更令人惡心"可以推知D）"馬蜂會(huì)比虱子讓人感覺(jué)好些"符合文意。 排除干擾原文只是說(shuō)對(duì)于明顯的體液外流或是有著被"放大了"的斑點(diǎn)的人臉的惡心就沒(méi)有什么令人驚奇的了，并沒(méi)有在體液外流的人體和長(zhǎng)滿了斑點(diǎn)的臉之間進(jìn)行比較，排除A）；原文并沒(méi)有對(duì)擁擠的火車(chē)車(chē)廂和虱子進(jìn)行比較，排除B）；原文并沒(méi)有指明什么最令人惡心，且沒(méi)有提及"流血的臉"也排除C）。 55. B）。［定位］由題干中的The results of the experiment make evolutionary sense可以定位到第四段第五句Both of these make evolutionary sense. ?。劬觯萋?lián)系定位句下文"年輕人比老年人更具有繁殖能力，所以應(yīng)該更注意他們接觸什么和吃些什么。而婦女通常是負(fù)有養(yǎng)育孩子的擔(dān)子，所以也必須為了后代和自身的利益去惡心。"可以推知人們惡心其實(shí)都是和后代的安全相聯(lián)系的。故B）"人們的惡心通常與孩子的安危相聯(lián)系"為正確答案。 排除干擾原文reproductive potential指的是繁殖后代的能力，而非生產(chǎn)食物的能力，排除A）；原文雖提及女性養(yǎng)育后代，但并未提及她們更傾向于獨(dú)立于男性的幫助之外，排除C）；原文并沒(méi)有將老年人和女性進(jìn)行對(duì)比，排除D）。
56. C）。［定位］由題干定位到末段首句The results of the toothbrush study made similar sense. ?。劬觯萋?lián)系原文可知，牙刷測(cè)試的結(jié)果也是"為了證明人們認(rèn)為陌生人更容易攜帶新的病菌"。下文提到"很明顯，英國(guó)人對(duì)天氣預(yù)報(bào)員比對(duì)老板感到親近"，由此推測(cè)C）"公眾人物通常比老板更受英國(guó)人歡迎"正確。 排除干擾A）和B）的錯(cuò)誤在于它們都說(shuō)老板和郵遞員本身是否干凈，而試驗(yàn)只是說(shuō)給人們的感覺(jué)，故都排除；D）的錯(cuò)誤在于電視節(jié)目主持人其實(shí)根本不是測(cè)試選項(xiàng)之一，只是一個(gè)假設(shè)，無(wú)法判斷其情況，也排除。 核心詞匯及短語(yǔ) acquaintance ［?'kweint?ns］ n. 熟人 disgusting ［dis'g?sti?］ adj. 令人惡心的 depiction ［di'pik ??n］ n. 描寫(xiě) unpromising ［'?n'pr?misi?］ adj. 沒(méi)希望的 candidate ［'k?ndidit］ n. 候選人 evolutionary ［i:v?'lu:??n?ri］ adj. 進(jìn)化的 reproductive ［'ri:pr?'d?ktiv］ adj. 生殖的 intimacy ［'intim?si］ n. 親密 instructive ［in'str?ktiv］ adj. 有啟發(fā)性的 bring up養(yǎng)育 Passage Two 提起健康問(wèn)題，窮人的處境可謂雪上加霜。他們不但比富人更容易患上致命的傳染病，而且他們遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有能力去改善這一狀況。二十年以前，美國(guó)的醫(yī)生和人類學(xué)家 Paul Farmer開(kāi)始了解決這一問(wèn)題的歷程。在政治動(dòng)蕩、貧困嚴(yán)重的海地郊區(qū)，他創(chuàng)建了以社區(qū)為基礎(chǔ)的醫(yī)療保健體系，被稱作"Zanmi Lasante"或"健康之友"。它不僅給數(shù)以千計(jì)的窮人提供適當(dāng)?shù)目梢灾Ц兜闷鸬闹委煟?7）而且還越過(guò)醫(yī)療層面，想要解決讓窮人得病或很難康復(fù)的社會(huì)原因。 正如Farmer大夫所說(shuō)，改善窮人的健康不是單純的醫(yī)學(xué)挑戰(zhàn)，而是人權(quán)問(wèn)題。它與不平等、種族主義、性別歧視和其他形式的"結(jié)構(gòu)型暴力"等壓迫窮人的現(xiàn)象作斗爭(zhēng)和發(fā)放藥品一樣緊迫。或者就像他的海地病人的描述，（58）"提供了藥品而沒(méi)有食品， 就像洗完了手在灰塵中晾干"。 ?。?9）遺憾的是，F(xiàn)armer大夫的強(qiáng)有力的信息通常被他所寫(xiě)的書(shū)中的學(xué)術(shù)口吻給減弱了。然而該書(shū)確實(shí)在一些描寫(xiě)人類面臨"結(jié)構(gòu)型暴力"的篇章中高聲吶喊。但是還是那些他親身經(jīng)歷的故事讓他對(duì)"愚蠢的死亡"的憤怒表達(dá)得鏗鏘有力。 這位善良的醫(yī)生的動(dòng)機(jī)和方法在《山外有山》一書(shū)中得到了更好的描述。這本由 Tracy Kidder 撰寫(xiě)的傳記，追溯了Farmer大夫非同尋常的成長(zhǎng)和教育背景，文字穿梭于海地中部的棚屋、哈佛大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的禮堂和他后來(lái)在全世界所做的工作之間。盡管寫(xiě)得不錯(cuò)，但是 Kidder先生的書(shū)讀起來(lái)并不舒服。作者本人很明顯和他所寫(xiě)的人物關(guān)系緊密，他和 Farmer大夫一起到過(guò)溫暖而貧困的海地，也到過(guò)寒冷而易得結(jié)核病的俄羅斯。（60）可能是因?yàn)殛P(guān)系太親密了，作者好像一直在尋求被描寫(xiě)對(duì)象的贊同。他非常苦惱地描述了他害怕讓Farmer大夫失望的恐懼和用批評(píng)的字眼傷害大夫的痛苦，以及對(duì)大夫的諒解所感到的欣慰。 當(dāng)Kidder先生的健康每況愈下時(shí)，對(duì)大夫的這種依賴性就更加嚴(yán)重。但是，這不但沒(méi)有使這本書(shū)有失公正，這種親密倒突出了Farmer大夫那令人欽佩而又令人憤怒的性格。正如Kidder先生所寫(xiě)：（61）"Farmer不是到這個(gè)世界上讓任何人都感到舒適的，除了那些幸運(yùn)地成為他的病人的人，或者那些完全不幸地需要他的人。" 57. A）。［定位］由題干中的the "Partners in Health" system定位到原文首段第四句he created a community based health care system called Zanmi Lasante, or Partners in Health。 ［精析］原文首段末尾說(shuō)"它不僅給大量窮人提供適當(dāng)?shù)目梢灾Ц兜闷鸬闹委?，還越過(guò)醫(yī)療層面，想要解決讓窮人得病或很難康復(fù)的社會(huì)原因"。由此可推測(cè)此醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)與傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)院相比的獨(dú)特之處在于It makes attempts to help the poor on a social level.（它試圖在社會(huì)層面上幫助窮人），故A）為正確答案。 排除干擾原文并沒(méi)有說(shuō)免費(fèi)，而是"提供恰當(dāng)?shù)目梢灾Ц兜闷鸬闹委?，排除B）；聯(lián)系原文，可知其目的主要是為窮人治病，進(jìn)而解決讓窮人得病或很難康復(fù)的社會(huì)原因，并不是為了窮人脫貧，排除C）；D） 中community help（社區(qū)救助）太過(guò)籠統(tǒng)和泛化，文中僅指有關(guān)治病的方面，也排除。 58. C）。 ［定位］由題干中的the last sentence of the second paragraph定位到原文第二段末句Or as his Haiti patients aptly put it, medicine without food is like washing one's hands and drying them in the dirt. ?。劬觯菰牡诙螐?qiáng)調(diào)了一個(gè)概念，即"窮人的健康問(wèn)題其實(shí)不是簡(jiǎn)單的醫(yī)療問(wèn)題，還有人權(quán)問(wèn)題"。藥物只能治愈窮人的疾病，沒(méi)有食物，即沒(méi)有消滅貧窮就像把手放在灰塵中晾干，手還會(huì)臟的，即還是會(huì)生病的。據(jù)此可以推知，C）Medicine is not a longterm cure to their poor health（藥物無(wú)法使他們長(zhǎng)期保持健康）與文意相符，為正確答案。 排除干擾原文只是一個(gè)打比方的說(shuō)法，并非真的說(shuō)在那里晾手，排除A）；原文并非指洗手也需要藥物，這是對(duì)原文比喻的誤解，排除B）；聯(lián)系原文可推知，食物是保持健康的保證，原文并沒(méi)有對(duì)藥物和食品的治療功效進(jìn)行比較，也排除D）。 59. D）。［定位］由題干中的The disadvantage of Dr. Farmer's book定位到原文第三段首句Unfortunately, Dr. Farmer's powerful message is often weakened by his book's academic tone. ?。劬觯菰摼湔f(shuō)明"他的強(qiáng)有力的信息通常被他所寫(xiě)的書(shū)的學(xué)術(shù)口吻給減弱了"，言下之意就是口氣不夠強(qiáng)，故D）"口氣不夠強(qiáng)，很難引起他人的注意"與文意相符，正確。 排除干擾原文并沒(méi)有對(duì)他的書(shū)的情節(jié)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，故A）"書(shū)中的情節(jié)不夠吸引人"與原文不符，排除；原文沒(méi)有對(duì)該書(shū)內(nèi)容敘述的方式做出評(píng)價(jià)，故B）認(rèn)為"其內(nèi)容敘述方式不夠吸引人"與原文不符，排除；他對(duì)"愚蠢的死亡"的憤怒表達(dá)得鏗鏘有力是該書(shū)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，與題干所問(wèn)不符，故排除C）。 60. C）。［定位］由題干可以定位到原文第四段第三句Though well written, Mr. Kidders book also makes for uncomfortable reading. ［精析］原文第四段最后兩句說(shuō)"作者好像一直在尋求描寫(xiě)對(duì)象的同意，他非常苦惱地描述了他害怕讓Farmer大夫失望的恐懼和用批評(píng)的字眼傷害大夫的痛苦以及對(duì)大夫的諒解所感到的欣慰"。由此推測(cè)，他對(duì)大夫的情感使他不能獨(dú)立地寫(xiě)作。故C）"Mr. Kidder的感情妨礙了他寫(xiě)作的獨(dú)立性"正確。 排除干擾由原文"他和 Farmer大夫一起到過(guò)溫暖而貧困的海地，也到過(guò)寒冷而易得結(jié)核病的俄羅斯"可推知，兩者曾在一起生活過(guò)，故排除A）；原文只是說(shuō)Mr. Kidder在寫(xiě)作上考慮了Dr. Farmer的認(rèn)同，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)他害怕做出真實(shí)的評(píng)論，故排除B）；原文說(shuō)道該書(shū)中已經(jīng)描寫(xiě)了Mr. Kidder在得到Dr. Farmer的諒解后所感到的欣慰，故D）"他還一直在等后者的諒解"錯(cuò)誤，也排除。 61. B）。［定位］由題干中的from the last paragraph可以定位到末段。 ?。劬觯菰哪┒握f(shuō)"這種親密倒突出了Farmer大夫那令人欽佩而又令人憤怒的性格"。Kidder先生寫(xiě)道，"Farmer不是到這個(gè)世界上讓任何人感到舒適的"，由此推知，他對(duì)社會(huì)的種種不平等，特別是"結(jié)構(gòu)型暴力"非常憤怒，因此很可能曾嚴(yán)厲地批評(píng)過(guò)這個(gè)社會(huì)，因此才會(huì)"讓很多人感到不舒服"，故B）正確。 排除干擾原文說(shuō)，能得到Farmer醫(yī)治的人是幸運(yùn)的，并非說(shuō)只幫助那些足夠幸運(yùn)的人，A）與原文不符；C）錯(cuò)誤，原文說(shuō)除了那些幸運(yùn)地成為他的病人的人，或那些完全不幸地需要他的人，F(xiàn)armer不是到這個(gè)世界上讓任何人感到舒適的，意思并非讓他的病人不舒服，排除；D）忽視了其作為醫(yī)生為病人治病，給人帶來(lái)健康的一面，故排除。 核心詞匯及短語(yǔ) appropriate adj. 恰當(dāng)?shù)? critical adj. 關(guān)鍵性的 academic adj. 學(xué)術(shù)的 compelling adj. 令人注目的 highlight vt. 強(qiáng)調(diào) unconventional adj. 非常規(guī)的 ultimately adv. 終極地set out 開(kāi)始 Part Ⅴ Cloze 本文的主要論題是婚姻。前三段講述的是年輕人的婚姻觀以及父母對(duì)年輕人擇偶的影響。后兩段講述了不同階級(jí)、不同宗教信仰，甚至是不同民族之間的婚姻。
62. C）。從句意上看，particularly和specially意思比較相近，但particularly"顯著地，尤其"多用于舉例子，specially"特別地"表示特點(diǎn)，前者更適合題意。 63. B）。此處是固定搭配，rather than表示"而不是"，相當(dāng)于instead of。 64. A）。從句意上看，arrange marriage表示"包辦婚姻"，正合題意。engage"訂婚"，不能和marriage搭配；manage"經(jīng)營(yíng)"；propose"求婚"，也不能同marriage搭配。 65. B）。appoint"約定"，指用權(quán)力或共同約定來(lái)決定或安排；date特指異性之間的約會(huì)，此處正合題意。 66. D）。此句的意思是"青少年通過(guò)學(xué)業(yè)和社會(huì)...交朋友"，position"地位"；association"聯(lián)系"；contract"合同"；contact"接觸"，從句意來(lái)看，D)符合題意。 67. D）。此句意思是"年輕人可以自由地從...群體選朋友"，separate"分開(kāi)的"；identical"相同的"；independent"獨(dú)立的"；different"不同的"，從句意上看，D)符合題意。 68. A）。background"背景"；situation"情形"；circumstance"環(huán)境"；condition"條件"，從句意上看，A)最接近。 69. C）。此處是固定搭配，select...for...表示"為...選擇..."；object"反對(duì)"，一般用object to；reject"拒絕"，不和for搭配；approve"同意"，用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)approve of。 70. A）。從信息詞but得知，此句和上半句"不能為孩子選擇配偶"應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，故選A)，表示父母可影響孩子對(duì)配偶的選擇。 71. B）。上文提到年輕人選擇配偶喜歡找背景相同的，但下文講的是不同階級(jí)、不同宗教信仰，甚至不同民族之間的婚姻，可見(jiàn)是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選however。therefore"所以"，表因果關(guān)系；moreover"甚至"，表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系；likewise"同樣地"，表對(duì)比關(guān)系。 72. C）。從下文的現(xiàn)在年輕人比以前流動(dòng)性大等內(nèi)容可以看出，不同群體之間的婚姻結(jié)合是逐步上升的，故選increase。decline"下降"，意思正好相反；prohibit"禁止"；reduce"減少"，意思均不合題意。 73. D）。此句意思是"年輕人比他們的父母受到更少歧視的"，respect"尊敬"；retain"保持"；reserve"預(yù)訂"；restrict"限制"，從句意上看，應(yīng)選D)。 74. B）。從邏輯關(guān)系上看，前面的求學(xué)、參軍和后面的創(chuàng)業(yè)應(yīng)該是并列的關(guān)系，故選or。 75. A）。be likely to表示"可能"；possible表示"可能"，但不用這種結(jié)構(gòu)，且表示的可能性較??；be reluctant to表示"勉強(qiáng)"；be eager to表示"渴望"。從句意上看，A)符合題意。 76. C）。此句意思是"在美國(guó)，不同階級(jí)之間的婚姻既不...也不奇怪"，scarce"不足的"；risky"冒險(xiǎn)的"；rare"稀少的"；rigid"嚴(yán)格的"，從句意上看，C)符合題意。 77. D）。此處是固定搭配，on the rise表示"不斷上升"。 78. B）。從信息詞on the other hand(另一方面)可知此句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選uncommon。 79. A）。此處是固定搭配，raise a family表示"養(yǎng)家"。 80. C）。從括號(hào)內(nèi)的解釋可以得知，這種婚姻的雙方是相同的種族，有相同的宗教信仰，但來(lái)自不同的國(guó)家。source"來(lái)源"，常表示信息的來(lái)源等；convention"習(xí)俗"，是干擾項(xiàng)，相同種族，相同宗教信仰的生活習(xí)俗應(yīng)該是相近的，故排除；origin"起源，出身"，正合題意；immigrant"移民"，也是干擾項(xiàng)，意思符合題意，但它是可數(shù)名詞，要用復(fù)數(shù)。 81. A）。整個(gè)句子是完成時(shí)態(tài)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示的又是一個(gè)點(diǎn)，故選since，表示"自從"。 Part ⅥTranslation 82. the championship would have belonged to ?。劭键c(diǎn)］①虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示和過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬，主句要使用would have done；②短語(yǔ)"屬于"的表達(dá)方式belong to。 83. reducing their weight by ［考點(diǎn)］①分詞短語(yǔ)"減輕體重"的表達(dá)方式，應(yīng)是reduce the weight；②表示程度由介詞by連接。同時(shí)，括號(hào)里的成分是空格前by的賓語(yǔ)，所以要用動(dòng)名詞形式。 84. greatly enriched English ［考點(diǎn)］①"豐富"的表達(dá)方式為enrich；②修飾程度用副詞greatly。 85. from the perspective of an adult ?。劭键c(diǎn)］分詞短語(yǔ)"從...角度"的表達(dá)方式為from the perspective of。 86. cling/stick to their traditions ?。劭键c(diǎn)］分詞短語(yǔ)"堅(jiān)持"的表達(dá)方式為cling/stick to。
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11. A) He should start to find a new apartment right now. B) He should buy an apartment right away. C) He should start to find a new apartment in a few weeks. D) He should buy an apartment near the campus. 12. A) He's surprised she chose that agency. B) He wonders why she is still keeping the job. C) He doesn't know when her classes started. D) He doubts if she makes much money now. 13. A) Writing an essay. B) Studying for a test. C) Shopping for shoes. D) Reading a magazine. 14. A) Because she can't watch TV. B) Because her ears were hurt. C) Because she can't hear the words on the telephone. D) Because her eyes were hurt. 15. A) William is just starting the violin lessons. B) William can't play the violin. C) William is very modest about his performance. D) William is very proud of his performance. 16. A) Children learn by example. B) Children must not tell lies. C) Children don't like discipline. D) Children must control their temper. 17. A) At the Computer Center. B) At home. C) At company. D) At the Oak Street. 18. A) He has refused another dinner appointment. B) He doesn't eat out very often. C) He knows the way to the restaurant. D) He does not like to eat out either. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) How to arrange for a trip. B) How to book a satisfactory room. C) When the shop will be closed. D) What the weather is like. 20. A) Because there is an excellent bus service. B) Because there is an excellent railway service. C) Because there is an excellent subway system. D) Because taxi system there isn't convenient. 21. A) Usually warm but sometimes very cold and wet. B) Always warm. C) Usually cold and wet but sometimes warm. D) Always cold. 22. A) At once. B) Fifteen days later. C) By the 15th of this month. D) In the middle of this year. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. A) He will return to his hometown. B) He will play tennis. C) He will join the woman for dinner. D) He will go to a coffee shop with the woman. 24. A) Because she doesn't drink coffee. B) Because she has a plane to catch. C) Because she has to go to a lesson. D) Because she doesn't like the man. 25. A) He will postpone the trip. B) He will marry the woman. C) He will cook dinner for the woman. D) He will take tennis lessons. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. A) To drink as much as possible each day. B) To drink as actually needed. C) To drink eight glasses of water daily. D) To drink no more than eight glasses daily. 27. A) To drink according to the exercises you have done. B) To drink according to the need of your body. C) To drink according to the seasons. D) To drink according to the World Health Organization's recommendation. 28. A) Because the rule is out of date. B) Because the rule is made for sick people. C) Because the rule is based on the studies under extraordinary conditions. D) Because the rule is based on the need of soldiers and patients. Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. A) They share certain traditional customs. B) They share the traditional costumes. C) They share certain traditional foods. D) They share the traditional music. 30. A) They will exchange rings. B) They will exchange presents. C) They will exchange promises. D) They will exchange flowers. 31. A) To hold a reception party. B) To have a big dinner. C) To congratulate on the couple. D) To shower the couple with rice. Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32. A) It resembles the biological virus. B) It works the same way as the human virus. C) It influences the human as the biological viruses do. D) It spreads to people who use the infected computers. 33. A) They invade the computer and make it a place for manufacturing. B) They spread throughout the whole system by quickly copying themselves. C) They infect the hard disc and the whole system. D) They spread viruses inside the computer system. 34. A) It is a virus that causes great damage. B) It is a virus that once infected the IBM's computer system. C) It is a virus that carries a Christmas greeting. D) It is a virus that causes no harm to the computer systems. 35. A) It can cause no damages at all. B) It can cause damages to the computer systems. C) It can copy your files in computers. D) It can format your hard drive. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. All that we really need to plot out the future of our universe are a few good measurements. This does not mean that we can sit down today and (36) the future course of the universe with anything like (37) . There are still too many things we do not know about the way the universe is put together. But we do know (38) what information we need to fill in our knowledge, and we have a pretty good (39) of how to go about getting it. Perhaps the best way to think of our present situation is to (40) a train coming into a switchyard. All of the switches are set before the train arrives, so that its path is completely (41) . Some switches we can see, others we cannot. There is no doubt if we can see the setting of a switch: we can say with confidence that some (42) futures will not be realized and others will. At the unseen (43) , however, there is no such certainty about it. (44) .The unseen switches are the true decision points in the future, and what happens when we arrive at them determines the entire subsequent course of events. (45) , but after that there are decision points to be dealt with and possible fates to consider. (46) . Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2. Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. Swiss Re Tower is a typical example of green architecture in London, and what is most remarkable about this building is its energy efficiency. Thanks to its artful design and some fancy technology, it is expected to consume up to 50% less energy than a comparable conventional office building. Green architecture is changing the way building are designed, built and run. Green architecture, a term which only came into use in the 1990s, has its origins in the energy crisis of the 1970s, when architects began to question the wisdom of building enclosed glass and steel boxes that required massive heating and cooling systems. The forward looking architects began to explore designs that focused on the long term environmental impact of maintaining and operating a building. This approach has since been formalized in a number of assessment and rating systems, such as the BREEAM standard introduced in Britain in 1990, and the LEED standard developed by the United States Green Building Council starting in 2000. Going green saves money by reducing long term energy costs; a survey of 99 green buildings in America found that on average, they use 30% less energy than comparably conventional buildings. Green buildings can also have other benefits. The use of natural daylight in office buildings, for example, as well as reducing energy costs, also seems to make workers more productive. Lockheed Martin, an aerospace(航空宇宙) firm, found that absenteeism(曠工) fell by 15% after it moved 2 500 employees into a new green building in Sunnyvale, California. 47. Owing to its delicate design and advanced technology, Swiss Re Tower in London uses less energy than those traditional office buildings by . 48. Green architecture could date back to . 49. Today, when assessing and rating architecture, the long term environmental effect in the maintenance of the building has been . 50. Green architectures can reduce expenditure on the maintenance by . 51. Besides the benefit of saving money, green buildings can also bring . Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. Television is often viewed as an anti intellectual medium. But truly clever people know how to use even the most unpromising material, and that is what Val Curtis and her colleagues at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine have done. They employed the mass market appeal of TV to test a long held, but unproven, hypothesis（假設(shè)）: that the emotion of disgust evolved to protect people from disease. They set up their experiment in October 2007, by publicizing it on a BBC program called "Human Instincts". Viewers were invited to visit a website and, after giving a few biographical（個(gè)人介紹的）details, to view a series of 20 pictures and rate each of them for disgustingness on a scale of one to five. They were also asked to choose, from a list of possible candidates, with whom they would least like to share a toothbrush. The results showed that in all seven pairs, the disease distinct pictures were more disgusting than their counterparts. For things like the apparent depiction of bodily fluids, or of a face that had been "enhanced" with spots, that may come as no surprise. But a crowded railway carriage was more distinguishing than an empty one, and a louse more disgusting than a wasp. These last results confirmed Dr Curtis's suspicion that disgust is not, as many disgust researchers believe, just a way of avoiding eating disease bearing materials. Rather, it extends to threats that might be contagious（傳染性的）. Indeed, one result of the study was to show that the young are easier to disgust than the old. Another result was that women are more easily disgusted than men. Both of these make evolutionary sense. The young have more reproductive potential than the old, so should be more careful about what they touch and eat. And women are usually burdened with bringing up the children, so have to be disgusted on their offspring's behalf, as well as their own. The results of the toothbrush study made similar sense. Strangers are more likely to carry new bacteria than acquaintances. Hence, of the available choices of toothbrush partner, a postman came off worst, and a lover best. A brush notionally belonging to a weatherman was, however, preferred to the boss's. Clearly the British feel more intimacy with the former than the later. Perhaps it might have been instructive to include a famous television personality among the choices? 52. In the first paragraph television is mentioned to . A) prove that what some intellectuals had claimed is wrong B) show that TV is an essential part of British people's daily life C) demonstrate that mass media is a very profitable industry D) introduce the media through which the survey was advertised 53. The experiment is chiefly done by . A) watching the TV program called "Human Instincts" and filling out feedback forms B) visiting different websites and making matches between pictures and numbers C) rating various photos with numbers and selecting from a choice list D) filling in biographical details and choosing a toothbrush 54. Which of the following is true about the result of the experiment? A) A spotted face is more disgusting than a picture of bodily fluids. B) A full packed subway is more disgusting than a louse. C) A bleeding face is the most disgusting one. D) A wasp makes people feel better than a louse. 55. The results of the experiment make evolutionary sense in that . A) old people are less likely to produce goods for the society than the young B) people's emotion of disgust is often related to the safety of their children C) women are more likely to bring up children independent of men's help D) old people are more likely to be disgusted than women 56. The results of the toothbrush experiment show that . A) a boss is normally less clean and healthy than a weatherman B) a postman is often dirtier than a lover C) a public figure is often more popular than a boss in Britain D) a famous television personality is the best toothbrush partner Passage Two Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. When it comes to health, the poor are doubly cursed. Not only are they more prone to deadly infectious diseases than the rich, but they have far less access to the means of improvement. Twenty years ago, Paul Farmer, an American doctor and anthropologist（人類學(xué)者）, set out to do something about this. Amid the political turmoil（混亂）and poverty of rural Haiti, he created a community based health care system called Zanmi Lasante, or Partners in Health. It not only delivers appropriate, affordable medical treatment to thousands of poor people, but goes beyond the clinic to address the social causes making them sick and keeping them from getting better. As Dr. Farmer argues, improving the health of the poor is not just a medical challenge, but a question of human rights. Tackling the inequality, racism, sexism and other forms of "structural violence" which oppress the poor is as critical as extending the drugs. Or as his Haiti patients put it, medicine without food is like washing one's hands and drying them in the dirt. Unfortunately, Dr. Farmer's powerful message is often weakened by his book's academic tone. It does, however, scream out in passages describing the human face of "structural violence". It is these personal stories that make Dr. Farmer's anger at such "stupid deaths" so compelling. The good doctor's motives and methods are better described in Mountains Beyond Mountains. This biography by Tracy Kidder traces Dr. Farmer from his unconventional upbringing and unusual education, shuttling (來(lái)回穿梭于) between the shacks of central Haiti and the halls of Harvard Medical School, to his later work around the world. Though well written, Mr. Kidder's book also makes for uncomfortable reading. The author is clearly close to his subject, having traveled with Dr. Farmer from the green poverty of Haiti to the tubercular whiteness of Russia. Too close, perhaps. The biographer seems to be seeking his subject's approval, rather than the other way round. Mr. Kidder writes, rather disturbingly, about his fear of disappointing Dr. Farmer, his own pain at wounding him with a critical remark and his relief at the doctor's forgiveness. When Mr. Kidder's health falls, this dependence becomes all the more intense. But rather than compromise the book's equity（公正）, this intimacy serves to highlight Dr. Farmer's admirable, yet ultimately irritating, character. As Mr. Kidder observes, "Farmer wasn't put on earth to make anyone feel comfortable, except those lucky enough to be his patients or those unlucky enough to need him." 57. What makes the "Partners in Health" system unique compared with traditional hospitals? A) It makes attempts to help the poor on a social level. B) It is aimed at treating poor people for free. C) It is designed to help the poor rise from poverty. D) It offers community help to those who are poor. 58. What can be inferred from the last sentence of the second paragraph? A) Hands should not be dried in the dirt after washing. B) Medicine is also needed for cleaning hands. C) Medicine is not a long term cure to their poor health. D) Food can cure their disease better than any medicine. 59. The disadvantage of Dr. Farmer's book seems to be that. A) the plots in the book are not attractive enough B) the way he tells the stories is not compelling enough C) the anger he expresses at "stupid deaths" is too strong D) the tone is not strong enough to arouse people's attention 60. Mr. Kidder's book also makes for uncomfortable reading because . A) Mr. Kidder himself has never been involved in Dr. Farmer's life B) Mr. Kidder is afraid of making true comments on Dr. Farmer C) Mr. Kidder's emotions prevent him from independent writing D) Mr. Kidder is always waiting for Dr. Farmer's forgiveness 61. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that . A) Dr. Farmer only helped those who are lucky enough B) Dr. Farmer may have severely criticized the society C) Dr. Farmer was not actually making his patients comfortable D) Dr. Farmer's job is not to make people comfortable Part Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. The horse and carriage is a thing of the past, but love and marriage are still with us and still closely interrelated. Most American marriages, 62 first marriages uniting young people, are the result of mutual attraction and affection 63 than practical considerations. In the United States, parents do not 64 marriages for their children. Teenagers begin 65 in high school and usually find mates through their own academic and social 66 . Though young people feel free to choose their friends from 67 groups, most choose a mate of similar 68 . This is due in part to parental guidance. Parents can not 69 spouses (配偶) for their children, but they can usually 70 choices by voicing disapproval of someone they consider unsuitable. 71 , marriages between members of different groups (interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are 72 , probably because of the greater mobility of today's youth and the fact that they are 73 by fewer prejudices than their parents. Many young people leave their hometowns to attend college, serve in the armed forces, 74 pursue a career in a bigger city. Once away from home and family, they are more 75 to date and marry outside their own social group. In mobile American society, interclass marriages are neither 76 nor astonishing. Interfaith marriages are 77 the rise, especially between Protestants (基督教徒) and Catholics (天主教徒) . On the other hand, interracial marriages are still very 78 . It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and 79 a family. Marriages between people of different national 80 (but the same race and religion) have been commonplace here 81 colonial times. 62. A) specially B) naturally C) particularly D) fortunately 63. A) more B) rather C) less D) better 64. A) arrange B) engage C) manage D)propose 65. A) appointing B) dating C) marrying D)playing 66. A) positions B) associations C) contracts D) contacts 67. A) separate B) identical C) independent D) different 68. A) background B) situation C) circumstance D) condition 69. A) object B)reject C) select D) approve 70. A) influence B) make C) afford D) provide 71. A) Therefore B)However C) Moreover D)Likewise 72. A) declining B) prohibiting C) increasing D)reducing 73. A) respected B)retained C) reserved D) restricted 74. A) but B) or C) so D) unless 75. A) likely B) possible C) reluctant D) eager 76. A) scarce B) risky C) rare D) rigid 77. A) in B) at C) for D) on 78. A) normal B) uncommon C) ordinary D) usual 79. A) raise B) settle C) grow D) unite 80. A) source B) convention C) origin D) immigrant 81. A) since B) with C) by D) during Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2 82. If she had not become a Japanese citizen, (冠軍屬于)China. 83. Many overweight people can bring down their blood pressure just by (減輕體重)10 to 20 pounds. 84. By the end of the 15th century what had developed into being was a modified, (大大地豐富了的英語(yǔ)). 85. Young as he is, the child has developed the ability to look at things (從成人的角度). 86. The history professor has spent most of his time in icy Alaska, where the Eskimos still (堅(jiān)持傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗). Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 本文主要介紹了飛機(jī)的相關(guān)知識(shí)，包括飛機(jī)內(nèi)部的一些重要儀器及它們的功能，飛機(jī)的制造和發(fā)展，指出了現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)與早期飛機(jī)的不同之處及相關(guān)問(wèn)題；介紹了飛機(jī)場(chǎng)的規(guī)模和功用，飛機(jī)跑道、機(jī)場(chǎng)控制塔、機(jī)場(chǎng)大樓等的工作原理及作用等。 1. N)［精析］本文介紹了飛機(jī)、飛機(jī)場(chǎng)等有關(guān)設(shè)施的特點(diǎn)，并沒(méi)有介紹飛機(jī)的發(fā)展史。 2. NG）［定位］由題干關(guān)鍵詞an automatic pilot定位到第1個(gè)標(biāo)題下的第二段第一句話。 ［精析］原文指出自動(dòng)駕駛儀無(wú)需駕駛員按任何按鈕便可駕駛飛機(jī)，甚至可以自動(dòng)起飛和降落。但并未提及它駕駛飛機(jī)比駕駛員強(qiáng)。 3. Y）［定位］由題干關(guān)鍵詞the radio equipment定位到第1個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第二段末句，"The radio equipment allows...to receive navigation signals." ?。劬觯菰摼湟鉃?無(wú)線設(shè)備使駕駛員能夠與地面控制人員談話，接收導(dǎo)航信號(hào)"，是題干的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。 4. Y）［定位］由題干關(guān)鍵詞solid定位到第2個(gè)標(biāo)題下首段首句Early airplanes were made of wood frames covered by fabric and held in shape by wire. ［精析］該句意為"早期的飛機(jī)是由鐵絲固定，織物包裹的木結(jié)構(gòu)制成的"，這顯然不如現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)堅(jiān)固。 5. N）［定位］由題干關(guān)鍵詞Grapevine和Texas定位到第3個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第三段首句One of the largest...of Dallas and Fort Worth. ［精析］由該句可知Grapevine，Texas是世界的機(jī)場(chǎng)之一的所在地。而世界上最繁忙的機(jī)場(chǎng)是位于本段倒數(shù)第二句的"O'Hare International Airport, in Chicago"。 6. Y）［定位］由題干關(guān)鍵詞runways定位到第四個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第三段首句。 ?。劬觯莸谌问拙涮岬紿eavily loaded passenger jets need long runways to gather enough speed to leave the ground，可知跑道必須足夠長(zhǎng)。另外首段也提到現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)越來(lái)越重，也要求跑道足夠堅(jiān)固。 7. N）［定位］由題干關(guān)鍵詞Precision Approach Radar (PAR)定位到第5個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第二段。 ?。劬觯萦稍摱慰芍狿recision Approach Radar (PAR)是用于引導(dǎo)向機(jī)場(chǎng)靠近的飛機(jī)的系統(tǒng)，而用于引導(dǎo)遠(yuǎn)離機(jī)場(chǎng)的飛機(jī)的系統(tǒng)是Ground Control Approach (GCA)。 8. electronic "microwave" landing systems (MLS) ［定位］由題干關(guān)鍵詞control towers定位到第5個(gè)小標(biāo)題末段末句。 ［精析］末段末句提到"電子微波著陸系統(tǒng)可以使飛機(jī)自動(dòng)著陸"，由此可知答案。 9. customs and passport control ［定位］由題意可定位到最后一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下首段第六句。 ?。劬觯輳亩ㄎ痪淇芍獜耐鈬?guó)過(guò)來(lái)的乘客需要通過(guò)海關(guān)和護(hù)照檢測(cè)。 10. a special signal ［定位］由題干關(guān)鍵詞detector定位到全文末段倒數(shù)第三句。 ［精析］從定位句可知如果有人攜帶金屬物品，檢測(cè)器就會(huì)發(fā)出特殊信號(hào)。 Part ⅢListening Comprehension Section A 11. M: Gordon needs to find another place to live. The apartment he rents now has been sold to a new owner. W: He'd better start looking right away. When all the students come back in a few weeks, he won't find any near the campus. Q: What does the woman suggest Gordon do? A）。從選項(xiàng)可以猜測(cè)本題是對(duì)行為的考查，考查某人應(yīng)該做某事，因此聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)要側(cè)重建議性的句型信息。男士說(shuō)Gordon needs to find another place to live,可知此人想找房子，接著女士說(shuō)He'd better start looking right away。had better do sth.是建議句型的提示信息，后面的內(nèi)容即是答案所在。 12. W: Judy earned a lot of money over the summer as an advisor for that agency. M: I don't doubt it. What surprises me is that she is still working there, now that classes have started again. Q: What does the man say about Judy? B)。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題考查男士的觀點(diǎn)，聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)應(yīng)著重理解男士的話。從女士話中的earn money，over the summer可知對(duì)話涉及學(xué)校兼職工作，男士的回答中出現(xiàn)了What surprises me is that...，這是明顯的提示信息，其后即是答案所在。 13. M: There is an article here in this magazine that might interest you. It's about buying running shoes. W: If it's not chemistry and it's not on the final exam, I can read it now. Q: What is the woman probably doing now? B）。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題考查正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。對(duì)話中男士在向女士推薦一篇文章，解題關(guān)鍵在于理解女士答話中的if條件句，"如果不是因?yàn)榛瘜W(xué)和期末考試，我現(xiàn)在就能讀了"。那么真實(shí)情況也就是"我在準(zhǔn)備考試，沒(méi)時(shí)間讀文章"。 14. W: Please turn down the television. I can't hear anything my friend is saying on the phone. M: Hurry up and finish your call. I don't like standing so close. The light hurts my eyes. Q: Why is the woman upset? C）。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題是對(duì)原因提問(wèn)，并且是針對(duì)女士，聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)應(yīng)著重體會(huì)因果關(guān)系。對(duì)話中女士要求關(guān)閉電視，并直接說(shuō)明了理由，can't hear anything on the phone，與C)相符。至于男士的要求及其理由是本題的干擾項(xiàng)，注意辨別。 15. W: I was quite surprised when I heard William play the violin. From the way he talked I thought he was just starting his lessons. M: Oh, that's the way he always talks. Q: What do we learn about William from this conversation? C）。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題是對(duì)William的行為進(jìn)行判斷。聽(tīng)力考試中考生不僅要辨別細(xì)節(jié)和事實(shí)，還要具備根據(jù)內(nèi)涵、語(yǔ)氣等進(jìn)行推斷的能力。本題女士話中的surprised暗示W(wǎng)illiam的violin表現(xiàn)出人意料，但從From the way...his lessons可推出他說(shuō)話謙虛，讓女士原以為他剛開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)violin。 16. W: It's really a big problem to teach our children how to behave. When I get angry, I say things I don't mean. M: If you want your kids to be polite, you'll have to be polite to them. Q: What conclusion can be drawn from this conversation? A）。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題是對(duì)孩子的行為進(jìn)行判斷。從女士話中的children，teach，behave可知對(duì)話是在討論孩子教育問(wèn)題。本題關(guān)鍵在于理解男士的回答，"如果你希望孩子們有禮貌，你就必須對(duì)他們有禮貌"，強(qiáng)調(diào)父母的榜樣力量，由此可歸納出Children learn by example的結(jié)論。 17. M: Good morning, I'd like to speak to Mr. Jones, please. This is Tim Kunts at the Oak Street computer center. W: Mr. Kunts, my husband isn't at home. I can give you his business phone if you'd like to call him at work, though. Q: Where is Mr. Kunts now? C）。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題是對(duì)地點(diǎn)提問(wèn)，聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)應(yīng)著重聽(tīng)表示地點(diǎn)的詞。從男士話中I'd like to speak to...可知他在打電話找Mr. Jones，而接電話的是女士，從她答話中的not at home，business phone以及call him at work可以推斷出答案是at company。 18. W: I have eaten in so many restaurants during the past week that the thought of eating out again makes me sick. M: I feel the same way, but there is no way to get out of this dinner appointment. Q: What does the man mean? D）。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題考查男士在restaurant或eat out上的觀點(diǎn)或行為。從女士話中的so many restaurants以及make me sick可知女士反感eat out，男士則回應(yīng)feel the same way表明他同意女士的觀點(diǎn)。故答案為D)。A)為干擾項(xiàng)，男士答話中的no way...appointment 表示他們無(wú)法拒絕。 Now you'll hear two long conversations. Conversation One M: ...And where do you recommend I shall stay?（19） What's the Holiday Inn like? W: It's nice there. It's in the city centre and has all the usual business facilities you'll need. The service is first class. M: Oh, good. So I'll get a room there. Now, what's the best way to get into the hotel from the airport? Should I take a taxi? W: Well, (20)you can, but you don't have to. The subway system is very convenient. M: Mmm..., Can you tell me something about the business hours? I mean, what time are the banks open? W: The banks? They open at half past eight and close at four thirty. M: I see. And are they open on Saturday too? W: I'm afraid not. And I'd better warn you, the shops close early on Saturday. During the week they're open until half past six, but on Saturdays they close at four. M: At four! Right. Now, what's the weather like at this time of year? W: Well, it's (21)usually warm. But sometimes it turns very cold and wet. So don't forget to take what you may need with you. By the way, when are you going on this trip? M: Oh, (22)not until the middle of the month. The fifteenth, I think. Anything else you want to advise me? W: No, nothing I can see. It's a nice country, peaceful and calm, and people are friendly. I'm sure you'll enjoy your stay there. 19. What are the two speakers talking about? A）。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題是主旨題。對(duì)話談到了住處Holiday Inn(假日酒店)，交通工具taxi和subway，bank和shop的營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間以及weather，可見(jiàn)是在安排旅行。 20. Why is it not necessary for the man to take a taxi to the hotel? C）。由選項(xiàng)可知本題是對(duì)原因提問(wèn)，男士的問(wèn)句Should I take a taxi?是本題的提示信號(hào)，下面女士的回答：you can, but you don't have to否定了對(duì)方的想法，并直接說(shuō)明了原因The subway system is very convenient，故答案為C)。 21. What's the weather like at this season? A）。由選項(xiàng)可知本題是對(duì)天氣提問(wèn)。What's the weather like?是本題的提示信息，下面聽(tīng)到的usually warm，but sometimes it turns very cold and wet 即為本題答案。 22. When will the man go on the trip? C）。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題是對(duì)時(shí)間提問(wèn)，聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)要注意表示時(shí)間的詞。本題也有提示問(wèn)句：When are you going on this trip? 其后的回答：not until the middle of the month. The fifteenth, I think.鎖定了答案為C)。 Conversation Two W: Bill, is that really you? I haven't seen you for months. M: Hello, Christina. Yes, it has been a long time. Good to see you. How have you been? W: I've been okay. I've just been so busy with school. We really should get together and catch up. How about joining me for dinner tonight? M: (23) I'd love to, but I'm taking off for Miami at 8:00 tonight if everything goes well. I'm going home because my brother is getting married on Saturday morning. W: That's great. Congratulations! I hope that you have a nice time at home. You'll just have to take a rain check on that dinner invitation. M: Well, what are you doing now? Maybe we can go to the coffee shop and chat for a while. There is an attractive, little place I know of down the street. W: (24) I really wish I could, but I'm on my way to the tennis courts. M: Tennis courts? I didn't know you could play tennis. W: It sounds like that, but actually I can't. (24) I'm taking lessons so I can learn. My roommate is on the tennis team and she's gotten me interested in the sport. Do you know how to play? M: A little, but I haven't played for years. I really like the game, though. (25) When I come back from my trip, I think I'll join you in taking lessons. W: It's a deal. Just give me a call when you get back. M: You got it. 23. What will the man do tonight? A）。由選項(xiàng)可知本題是對(duì)男士將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行判斷。寒暄后，女士提出dinner tonight，男士回答I'd love to，but...委婉拒絕了邀請(qǐng)。But提示后面為原因，I'm taking off for Miami，后又補(bǔ)充說(shuō)是going home，故答案為A)。其后的rain check是"延期"的意思。 24. Why can't the woman join the man for coffee? C）。由選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)本題是對(duì)原因提問(wèn)。由上題可知男士無(wú)法與女士共進(jìn)晚餐，因而提出了go to the coffee shop and chat for a while的建議，女士回答：I really wish I could, but...同樣委婉拒絕了邀請(qǐng)，并提示后面的原因，即I'm on my way to the tennis courts. I'm taking lessons.與C) 相符。 25. Which of the following did the man agree to do? D）。由選項(xiàng)可知本題同樣是對(duì)男士的行為進(jìn)行判斷。抓住關(guān)鍵句I'll join you in taking lessons.即可推斷出答案為D)。 Section B Passage One If you're confused about how much water you really need, I'm not surprised. (26)Conflicting advice in recent headlines appears against the old "8 a day" advice we all grew up with. Is it necessary to swallow down eight glasses of water daily, or is this recommendation exaggerated and out of date? We've heard for years that eight glasses of water daily is the minimum necessary to keep healthy. Your weight loss and health depend on it. Drink the minimum and see clearer skin, better sleep, and improved vision. We're warned of the danger of water shortage in our body without at least eight glasses. But, (27)the tide has turned away from liquid requirement toward examining your daily diet, including what you eat, as well as what you drink. The answer is - you need what you need! If it's summer, you need more. If you're exercising, you need more. If you're a "normal person who sits a lot, who is not sweating, and not exercising more than 15-20 minutes daily, Dr. Heinz Valtin of Dartmouth Medical School says you need no more than four glasses of water daily. Most drinks can be counted as part of your daily fluid consumption. Although the World Health Organization recommends that everyone drink a minimum of two liters of water daily, or about eight cups, (28)the old "8 a day" rule is based on studies performed on people under extraordinary circumstances, including soldiers at high altitude and hospitalized patients. What you and I need is different. 26. What is the traditional opinion concerning water drinking? C）。預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)可知，本題與飲水習(xí)慣有關(guān)?？碱}考查的是traditional opinion。遵循短文聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)首尾句的原則，在文章第一句提出問(wèn)題后，第二句接著就說(shuō)到Conflicting advice in recent headlines appears against the old "8 a day" advice we all grew up with，符合題目中traditional opinion的要求，C)為答案。 27. According to the passage, what is the more proper way of drinking water? B）。分析選項(xiàng)可知，本題與飲水的根據(jù)有關(guān)。文章開(kāi)始先分析了傳統(tǒng)的每天8杯水的觀點(diǎn)，接著用一個(gè)but進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，提出新的觀點(diǎn)。由于在短文理解中but、however、only、just等后面往往是出考題之處，可知本題的考點(diǎn)即在此處:"But, the tide has turned away...the answer is - you need what you need!"。 28. Why does the author believe that the "8aday" rule doesn't apply to all people? C）。本題的考點(diǎn)在文章結(jié)尾，分析選項(xiàng)可知，本題考查制定"8aday" rule的原因。本題中需要注意的是although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，事實(shí)上，主句前隱含了轉(zhuǎn)折的意味，與but、however等一樣，這是一個(gè)暗含的出題點(diǎn)。The old "8aday" rule is based on studies performed on people under extraordinary circumstances，遵循"聽(tīng)到即是解"的原則，C)為答案。 Passage Two Weddings in the United States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings; there are weddings on mountain tops with guests barefooted; and there have been weddings underwater on the ocean floor. But (29)many weddings, no matter where they are performed, include certain traditional customs. Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready, then comes the most exciting moment. The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The guests enter the church first while the wedding music is played. The bride carrying flowers enters last with her father who will "give her away". The bridegroom enters the church from a side door. (30)Then the couple will exchange their solemn promises to each other. It is traditional to use the words "To have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to care, till death do us part". Following this, the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom. After the ceremony there is often a party, called a "reception" which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlywedded couple. After all the procedures, (31)the couple runs to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. And then the couple just go on their honeymoon. 29. What is in common for those weddings held in different locations? A）。通過(guò)預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)可知，本題與婚禮習(xí)俗有關(guān)。文章一開(kāi)頭就列舉了各種不同的婚禮方式，然后用but進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，many weddings, no matter where they are performed, include certain traditional customs，but后面的內(nèi)容即是本題的答案。本題中的B)具有干擾性，主要考查考生對(duì)讀音相近的兩個(gè)單詞customs和costumes的辨析。 30. What will the new couple do after all the guests enter the church? C）。分析選項(xiàng)可知，本題與婚禮的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)有關(guān)，因此聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)一定要對(duì)婚禮進(jìn)行的過(guò)程仔細(xì)辨聽(tīng)，做些記錄。聽(tīng)音后可知，婚禮儀式的程序是：賓客入場(chǎng)、新娘入場(chǎng)、新郎入場(chǎng)、交換誓言、交換戒指和舉行宴會(huì)。其中Then the couple will exchange their solemn promises to each other是本題的考查內(nèi)容。 31. What is the custom before the couple goes on a honeymoon? D）。預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)可知，本題與婚禮結(jié)束后的習(xí)俗有關(guān)?？键c(diǎn)在文章的結(jié)尾：the couple run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. And then the couple just go on their honeymoon. Passage Three The computer virus is an outcome of the computer overgrowth in the 1980s. (32)The cause of the term "computer virus" is the likeness between the biological virus and the evil program infected with computers. The origin of this term came from an American science fiction "The Adolescence of P-1" written by Thomas J. Ryan, published in 1977. Human viruses invade a living cell and turn it into a factory for manufacturing viruses. However, (33)computer viruses are small programs. They expand by attaching a copy of themselves to another program. Once attached to the host program, the viruses then look for other programs to "infect". In this way, the virus can spread quickly throughout a hard disk or an entire organization when it infects a LAN or a multiuser system. The timing of the attack can be linked to a number of situations, including a certain time or date, the presence of a particular file, the security level of the user, and the number of times a file is used. Likewise, the mode of attack varies. (34)So called "benign" or the harmless viruses might simply display a message, like the one that infected IBM's main computer system last Christmas with a season's greeting. (35)Malignant or the harmful viruses are designed to damage the system. The attack is to wipe out data, to delete files, or to format the hard disk. 32. How did the name of "computer virus" come into being? A）。通過(guò)預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)可知，本題與電腦病毒有關(guān)。應(yīng)遵循短文聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)首尾的原則，文章一開(kāi)始就明確了說(shuō)明對(duì)象是computer virus。本題考查該名稱的由來(lái)，但文中是以原因的形式出現(xiàn)的：The cause of the term "computer virus" is the likeness between the biological virus and the evil program infected with computers，A)的說(shuō)法正是該定義的簡(jiǎn)短描述。其中，resemble是"...與...相似的"意思，而文中的說(shuō)法是the likeness between...and...，二者是一致的。 33. What is the way that the computer viruses infect the computer systems? B）。分析選項(xiàng)可知，本題考查電腦病毒的工作方式。由于其特殊性，可遵循"聽(tīng)到即是解"的原則解題。文章先介紹了人類病毒的工作方式，然后用一個(gè)however引出了本題的答案：computer viruses are small programs. They expand by attaching a copy of themselves to another program。 34. What is a "benign" virus? D）。預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)可知，本題與一種電腦病毒有關(guān)。題目中的benign是關(guān)鍵詞，由此可以很容易定位到：So called "benign" or the harmless viruses might simply display a message...，可見(jiàn)本題的答案是以同位語(yǔ)的形式出現(xiàn)的，所謂"良性"病毒就是D)所說(shuō)的不會(huì)造成危害的病毒。 35. What can a "malignant" virus do to your computer? B）。預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)可知，本題仍然與一種電腦病毒有關(guān)。由于上一道題目考查了"良性"病毒，根據(jù)常識(shí)可以推斷本題定然會(huì)考查與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的"惡性"病毒的危害。聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)的關(guān)鍵詞是malignant，由此可以很容易定位到：Malignant or the harmful viruses are designed to damage the system，這正是B)的同義表達(dá)。 Section C 36. outline ?。埸c(diǎn)撥］空格前是and，and前后成分相同，所以空格處為動(dòng)詞原形。根據(jù)句意推測(cè)：宇宙未來(lái)可以預(yù)測(cè)，但這并不意味著單單坐著就肯定能夠概括宇宙未來(lái)的發(fā)展過(guò)程。 37. certainty ［點(diǎn)撥］空格前是anything like，后面應(yīng)該為名詞。由36題的分析，可以推出這里表示"一定，肯定"的意思。 38. exactly ?。埸c(diǎn)撥］空格前是動(dòng)詞know，后面是賓語(yǔ)，可見(jiàn)中間缺一副詞來(lái)修飾know。根據(jù)前后文可以推測(cè)：我們不清楚宇宙的構(gòu)成，但卻十分清楚我們的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域缺乏什么信息。 39. idea ?。埸c(diǎn)撥］空格前是a good，可見(jiàn)空格處為名詞。根據(jù)38題分析，接下來(lái)的句意應(yīng)該是：我們也清楚地知道如何得到這些信息。 40. imagine ?。埸c(diǎn)撥］空格前是不定式to，可見(jiàn)空格處為動(dòng)詞原形。根據(jù)句意推測(cè)：我們考慮目前形勢(shì)的方式就是假想一輛進(jìn)站的火車(chē)。 41. determined ?。埸c(diǎn)撥］空格前是is completely，可知空格處為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。根據(jù)句意，火車(chē)進(jìn)站前所有的開(kāi)關(guān)都設(shè)定好了，我們可以推測(cè)：它前進(jìn)的路就完全確定了。 42. possible ［點(diǎn)撥］空格前是some，后為futures，可以確定空格處是一形容詞。前后句連起來(lái)的意思為：如果能看清開(kāi)關(guān)的設(shè)置，就可以肯定有些未來(lái)是不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，而其余的能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。 43. switches ?。埸c(diǎn)撥］空格前是the unseen，可見(jiàn)空格為名詞。前面的句子交代了有些開(kāi)關(guān)是可見(jiàn)的，有些是不可見(jiàn)的，所以這里應(yīng)該是不可見(jiàn)的開(kāi)關(guān)switches。 44. We know the train will take one of the tracks leading out, but we have no idea which one ?。勐?tīng)音關(guān)鍵詞］know，train，take tracks，no idea，which one 45. When we think about the future of the universe, we can see our "track" many billions of years into the future ?。勐?tīng)音關(guān)鍵詞］think about，future of universe，see track，billions 46. The goal of science is to reduce the vagueness at the decision points and find the true road that will be followed ［聽(tīng)音關(guān)鍵詞］goal of science，reduce vagueness，find true road Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) Section A 隨著全球能源緊張和環(huán)境污染日益嚴(yán)重，綠色建筑逐漸成為全世界共同關(guān)注的話題。其特點(diǎn)為減少能源和資源消耗，并盡可能采用新技術(shù)和新材料。 47. nearly 50% ［定位］根據(jù)題干中的Swiss Re Tower可以定位到第一段第二句：Thanks to its artful design and some fancy technology, it is expected to consume up to 50% less energy than a comparable conventional office building. ?。劬猓蓊}目問(wèn)的是得益于其精良的設(shè)計(jì)、先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，Swiss Re Tower比傳統(tǒng)辦公大樓能節(jié)省多少能源。該句意為"由于其設(shè)計(jì)精良，技術(shù)先進(jìn)，Swiss Re Tower有望比傳統(tǒng)建筑節(jié)能近50％"。題干中的owing to與原文中thanks to的同義，traditional與conventional同義。by在此句中為介詞，表程度相差多少的意思，后面應(yīng)接數(shù)字。故答案為nearly 50%。 48. the energy crisis of the 1970s ?。鄱ㄎ唬莞鶕?jù)題干中的green architecture可以定位到第二段Green architecture, ...has its origins in the energy crisis of the 1970s.... ?。劬猓萦稍摱慰芍壕G色建筑的來(lái)源要追溯到20世紀(jì)70年代的能源危機(jī)。題目中的could date back to是對(duì)has its origins in the energy crisis of the 1970s的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為the energy crisis of the 1970s。 49. widely taken into consideration in the developed world ?。鄱ㄎ唬莞鶕?jù)題干中提到的assessing and rating可以定位到第三段第二句：This approach has since been formalized in a number of assessment and rating systems, such as the BREEAM standard introduced in Britain in 1990, and the LEED standard developed by the United States Green Building Council starting in 2000. ?。劬猓荼绢}考查在一系列建筑評(píng)估體系中，建筑的維修和保養(yǎng)對(duì)環(huán)境的長(zhǎng)期影響也在評(píng)估之列。根據(jù)This approach has since been formalized in a number of assessment and rating systems可知，這一原則已被成文化，而且下文舉例提到了英國(guó)的BREEAM和美國(guó)的LEED standard，據(jù)此可知，這一規(guī)則已被發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家引起重視?？崭裉幦鄙僦^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且位于has been之后，故答案應(yīng)為widely taken into consideration in the developed world。 50. cutting long term energy costs ?。鄱ㄎ唬萦深}干中的green, reduce將答案定位到原文第四段第一句：Going green saves money by reducing longterm energy costs;... ［精解］題目問(wèn)的是綠色建筑怎樣降低了成本。題干中的reduce expenditure是對(duì)saves money的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，by在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，即cutting longterm energy costs。 51. economic benefits ?。鄱ㄎ唬莞鶕?jù)benefit可以定位到第五段第二句：The use of natural daylight in office buildings, for example, as well as reducing energy costs, also seems to make workers more productive. ?。劬猓蓊}目問(wèn)的是除了節(jié)省成本，綠色建筑還有哪些優(yōu)勢(shì)。根據(jù)下面提到的make workers more productive可知，它還可以為企業(yè)帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，故答案為economic benefits。 Section B Passage One ?。?2）電視通常被認(rèn)為是不利于智力的媒介。但是真正聰明的人知道怎樣利用最沒(méi)有價(jià)值的東西，而這就是在倫敦衛(wèi)生和熱帶醫(yī)藥學(xué)校的Val Curtis和她的同事們所做的事。（52）她們借助具有大眾市場(chǎng)吸引力的電視來(lái)測(cè)試一個(gè)提出已久卻沒(méi)有被證實(shí)的假設(shè)：惡心的感覺(jué)是人們?yōu)榱祟A(yù)防疾病而產(chǎn)生的。 ?。?2）(53)他們的試驗(yàn)在2007年10月通過(guò)BBC一個(gè)被叫做"人類本能"的專欄節(jié)目上進(jìn)行公布。他們邀請(qǐng)觀眾訪問(wèn)一個(gè)網(wǎng)站，在給出一系列個(gè)人細(xì)節(jié)信息后，（53）觀眾要看20張圖片，并且用1-5分按照令人惡心的程度給照片打分。他們還要從一系列可能的候選人名單中選出他們最不愿意與誰(shuí)共用牙刷。 測(cè)試結(jié)果顯示，在所有七組圖片中，疾病跡象很明顯的圖片比無(wú)疾病跡象的圖片更令人惡心。對(duì)明顯的體液外流或是有著被"放大了"的斑點(diǎn)的人臉的惡心就沒(méi)有什么令人吃驚的了。只是一個(gè)擁擠的火車(chē)車(chē)廂比空著的要更令人惡心，而且（54）虱子比馬蜂更令人惡心。 這些最終的結(jié)果證實(shí)了Curtis大夫的懷疑，即惡心不像很多研究惡心的學(xué)者認(rèn)為的只是一種避免吃帶有疾病的物質(zhì)的方式。其實(shí)，惡心可以延伸到可能造成傳染的威脅上。實(shí)際上，該研究的一個(gè)結(jié)果證實(shí)了年輕人比老年人更容易惡心。另外一個(gè)結(jié)果是女性比男性更容易惡心。這兩點(diǎn)都有著進(jìn)化方面的意義。（55）年輕人比老年人更具有繁殖能力，所以應(yīng)該更注意他們接觸什么和吃些什么。而婦女通常是負(fù)有養(yǎng)育孩子的擔(dān)子，所以也必須為了后代和自身的利益去惡心。 牙刷試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果也有同樣的道理。陌生人比熟人更容易攜帶新的病菌。因此，在與之共用牙刷的可選擇項(xiàng)中，郵遞員是最令人惡心的，而愛(ài)人則是最不令人惡心的。然而人們好像寧肯和天氣預(yù)報(bào)員共用牙刷也不愿意和老板共用。（56）很明顯，英國(guó)人對(duì)天氣預(yù)報(bào)員比對(duì)老板感到親近?；蛟S在選項(xiàng)中放上一個(gè)電視節(jié)目主持人會(huì)更有啟發(fā)意義？ 52. D）。［定位］由題干定位到首段首句Television is often viewed as an antiintellectual medium. ［精析］從原文首段最后一句"她們借助具有大眾市場(chǎng)吸引力的電視來(lái)測(cè)試一個(gè)提出已久卻沒(méi)有被證實(shí)的假設(shè)"可推知，研究人員只不過(guò)是利用電視作為宣傳他們的測(cè)試的媒體。第2段首句說(shuō)"他們?cè)贐BC的節(jié)目上公布這個(gè)測(cè)試"也進(jìn)一步證明了提到電視只不過(guò)是為了引出宣傳該測(cè)試的媒介。故D）"介紹借以宣傳測(cè)試的媒介"為正確答案。 排除干擾A）"證明一些學(xué)者的聲明錯(cuò)誤"在原文沒(méi)有涉及；B）"證明電視是英國(guó)人日常生活的重要部分"并不是文章的中心所在，排除；C）"展示大眾媒體是一個(gè)非常贏利的行業(yè)"在原文中沒(méi)有提及；故均排除。 53. C）。［定位］由題干中的The experiment定位到第二段首句They set up their experiment in October 2007, by publicizing it on a BBC programme called "Human Instincts". ?。劬觯菰牡诙我恢痹跀⑹鲈囼?yàn)進(jìn)行的方式，主要是兩件事，一是給圖片定1-5的等級(jí)，二是選擇你最不愿意與之共用牙刷的人。C）"為各種照片評(píng)級(jí)和進(jìn)行一個(gè)選擇"是對(duì)文意的概括，為正確答案。 排除干擾A）"觀看名叫‘人類本能'的電視節(jié)目，并填寫(xiě)反饋表格"沒(méi)涉及試驗(yàn)，而且試驗(yàn)里并沒(méi)有填反饋表格，排除；B）"訪問(wèn)不同的網(wǎng)站然后給圖片和數(shù)字配對(duì)"不是試驗(yàn)內(nèi)容，排除；D）填寫(xiě)個(gè)人信息雖然正確，但是后面說(shuō)"要選出一個(gè)牙刷"不是試驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容，排除。 54. D）。［定位］由題干中的the result of the experiment定位到第三段首句The results showed that in all seven pairs... ［精析］由原文"虱子比馬蜂更令人惡心"可以推知D）"馬蜂會(huì)比虱子讓人感覺(jué)好些"符合文意。 排除干擾原文只是說(shuō)對(duì)于明顯的體液外流或是有著被"放大了"的斑點(diǎn)的人臉的惡心就沒(méi)有什么令人驚奇的了，并沒(méi)有在體液外流的人體和長(zhǎng)滿了斑點(diǎn)的臉之間進(jìn)行比較，排除A）；原文并沒(méi)有對(duì)擁擠的火車(chē)車(chē)廂和虱子進(jìn)行比較，排除B）；原文并沒(méi)有指明什么最令人惡心，且沒(méi)有提及"流血的臉"也排除C）。 55. B）。［定位］由題干中的The results of the experiment make evolutionary sense可以定位到第四段第五句Both of these make evolutionary sense. ?。劬觯萋?lián)系定位句下文"年輕人比老年人更具有繁殖能力，所以應(yīng)該更注意他們接觸什么和吃些什么。而婦女通常是負(fù)有養(yǎng)育孩子的擔(dān)子，所以也必須為了后代和自身的利益去惡心。"可以推知人們惡心其實(shí)都是和后代的安全相聯(lián)系的。故B）"人們的惡心通常與孩子的安危相聯(lián)系"為正確答案。 排除干擾原文reproductive potential指的是繁殖后代的能力，而非生產(chǎn)食物的能力，排除A）；原文雖提及女性養(yǎng)育后代，但并未提及她們更傾向于獨(dú)立于男性的幫助之外，排除C）；原文并沒(méi)有將老年人和女性進(jìn)行對(duì)比，排除D）。
56. C）。［定位］由題干定位到末段首句The results of the toothbrush study made similar sense. ?。劬觯萋?lián)系原文可知，牙刷測(cè)試的結(jié)果也是"為了證明人們認(rèn)為陌生人更容易攜帶新的病菌"。下文提到"很明顯，英國(guó)人對(duì)天氣預(yù)報(bào)員比對(duì)老板感到親近"，由此推測(cè)C）"公眾人物通常比老板更受英國(guó)人歡迎"正確。 排除干擾A）和B）的錯(cuò)誤在于它們都說(shuō)老板和郵遞員本身是否干凈，而試驗(yàn)只是說(shuō)給人們的感覺(jué)，故都排除；D）的錯(cuò)誤在于電視節(jié)目主持人其實(shí)根本不是測(cè)試選項(xiàng)之一，只是一個(gè)假設(shè)，無(wú)法判斷其情況，也排除。 核心詞匯及短語(yǔ) acquaintance ［?'kweint?ns］ n. 熟人 disgusting ［dis'g?sti?］ adj. 令人惡心的 depiction ［di'pik ??n］ n. 描寫(xiě) unpromising ［'?n'pr?misi?］ adj. 沒(méi)希望的 candidate ［'k?ndidit］ n. 候選人 evolutionary ［i:v?'lu:??n?ri］ adj. 進(jìn)化的 reproductive ［'ri:pr?'d?ktiv］ adj. 生殖的 intimacy ［'intim?si］ n. 親密 instructive ［in'str?ktiv］ adj. 有啟發(fā)性的 bring up養(yǎng)育 Passage Two 提起健康問(wèn)題，窮人的處境可謂雪上加霜。他們不但比富人更容易患上致命的傳染病，而且他們遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有能力去改善這一狀況。二十年以前，美國(guó)的醫(yī)生和人類學(xué)家 Paul Farmer開(kāi)始了解決這一問(wèn)題的歷程。在政治動(dòng)蕩、貧困嚴(yán)重的海地郊區(qū)，他創(chuàng)建了以社區(qū)為基礎(chǔ)的醫(yī)療保健體系，被稱作"Zanmi Lasante"或"健康之友"。它不僅給數(shù)以千計(jì)的窮人提供適當(dāng)?shù)目梢灾Ц兜闷鸬闹委煟?7）而且還越過(guò)醫(yī)療層面，想要解決讓窮人得病或很難康復(fù)的社會(huì)原因。 正如Farmer大夫所說(shuō)，改善窮人的健康不是單純的醫(yī)學(xué)挑戰(zhàn)，而是人權(quán)問(wèn)題。它與不平等、種族主義、性別歧視和其他形式的"結(jié)構(gòu)型暴力"等壓迫窮人的現(xiàn)象作斗爭(zhēng)和發(fā)放藥品一樣緊迫。或者就像他的海地病人的描述，（58）"提供了藥品而沒(méi)有食品， 就像洗完了手在灰塵中晾干"。 ?。?9）遺憾的是，F(xiàn)armer大夫的強(qiáng)有力的信息通常被他所寫(xiě)的書(shū)中的學(xué)術(shù)口吻給減弱了。然而該書(shū)確實(shí)在一些描寫(xiě)人類面臨"結(jié)構(gòu)型暴力"的篇章中高聲吶喊。但是還是那些他親身經(jīng)歷的故事讓他對(duì)"愚蠢的死亡"的憤怒表達(dá)得鏗鏘有力。 這位善良的醫(yī)生的動(dòng)機(jī)和方法在《山外有山》一書(shū)中得到了更好的描述。這本由 Tracy Kidder 撰寫(xiě)的傳記，追溯了Farmer大夫非同尋常的成長(zhǎng)和教育背景，文字穿梭于海地中部的棚屋、哈佛大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的禮堂和他后來(lái)在全世界所做的工作之間。盡管寫(xiě)得不錯(cuò)，但是 Kidder先生的書(shū)讀起來(lái)并不舒服。作者本人很明顯和他所寫(xiě)的人物關(guān)系緊密，他和 Farmer大夫一起到過(guò)溫暖而貧困的海地，也到過(guò)寒冷而易得結(jié)核病的俄羅斯。（60）可能是因?yàn)殛P(guān)系太親密了，作者好像一直在尋求被描寫(xiě)對(duì)象的贊同。他非常苦惱地描述了他害怕讓Farmer大夫失望的恐懼和用批評(píng)的字眼傷害大夫的痛苦，以及對(duì)大夫的諒解所感到的欣慰。 當(dāng)Kidder先生的健康每況愈下時(shí)，對(duì)大夫的這種依賴性就更加嚴(yán)重。但是，這不但沒(méi)有使這本書(shū)有失公正，這種親密倒突出了Farmer大夫那令人欽佩而又令人憤怒的性格。正如Kidder先生所寫(xiě)：（61）"Farmer不是到這個(gè)世界上讓任何人都感到舒適的，除了那些幸運(yùn)地成為他的病人的人，或者那些完全不幸地需要他的人。" 57. A）。［定位］由題干中的the "Partners in Health" system定位到原文首段第四句he created a community based health care system called Zanmi Lasante, or Partners in Health。 ［精析］原文首段末尾說(shuō)"它不僅給大量窮人提供適當(dāng)?shù)目梢灾Ц兜闷鸬闹委?，還越過(guò)醫(yī)療層面，想要解決讓窮人得病或很難康復(fù)的社會(huì)原因"。由此可推測(cè)此醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)與傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)院相比的獨(dú)特之處在于It makes attempts to help the poor on a social level.（它試圖在社會(huì)層面上幫助窮人），故A）為正確答案。 排除干擾原文并沒(méi)有說(shuō)免費(fèi)，而是"提供恰當(dāng)?shù)目梢灾Ц兜闷鸬闹委?，排除B）；聯(lián)系原文，可知其目的主要是為窮人治病，進(jìn)而解決讓窮人得病或很難康復(fù)的社會(huì)原因，并不是為了窮人脫貧，排除C）；D） 中community help（社區(qū)救助）太過(guò)籠統(tǒng)和泛化，文中僅指有關(guān)治病的方面，也排除。 58. C）。 ［定位］由題干中的the last sentence of the second paragraph定位到原文第二段末句Or as his Haiti patients aptly put it, medicine without food is like washing one's hands and drying them in the dirt. ?。劬觯菰牡诙螐?qiáng)調(diào)了一個(gè)概念，即"窮人的健康問(wèn)題其實(shí)不是簡(jiǎn)單的醫(yī)療問(wèn)題，還有人權(quán)問(wèn)題"。藥物只能治愈窮人的疾病，沒(méi)有食物，即沒(méi)有消滅貧窮就像把手放在灰塵中晾干，手還會(huì)臟的，即還是會(huì)生病的。據(jù)此可以推知，C）Medicine is not a longterm cure to their poor health（藥物無(wú)法使他們長(zhǎng)期保持健康）與文意相符，為正確答案。 排除干擾原文只是一個(gè)打比方的說(shuō)法，并非真的說(shuō)在那里晾手，排除A）；原文并非指洗手也需要藥物，這是對(duì)原文比喻的誤解，排除B）；聯(lián)系原文可推知，食物是保持健康的保證，原文并沒(méi)有對(duì)藥物和食品的治療功效進(jìn)行比較，也排除D）。 59. D）。［定位］由題干中的The disadvantage of Dr. Farmer's book定位到原文第三段首句Unfortunately, Dr. Farmer's powerful message is often weakened by his book's academic tone. ?。劬觯菰摼湔f(shuō)明"他的強(qiáng)有力的信息通常被他所寫(xiě)的書(shū)的學(xué)術(shù)口吻給減弱了"，言下之意就是口氣不夠強(qiáng)，故D）"口氣不夠強(qiáng)，很難引起他人的注意"與文意相符，正確。 排除干擾原文并沒(méi)有對(duì)他的書(shū)的情節(jié)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，故A）"書(shū)中的情節(jié)不夠吸引人"與原文不符，排除；原文沒(méi)有對(duì)該書(shū)內(nèi)容敘述的方式做出評(píng)價(jià)，故B）認(rèn)為"其內(nèi)容敘述方式不夠吸引人"與原文不符，排除；他對(duì)"愚蠢的死亡"的憤怒表達(dá)得鏗鏘有力是該書(shū)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，與題干所問(wèn)不符，故排除C）。 60. C）。［定位］由題干可以定位到原文第四段第三句Though well written, Mr. Kidders book also makes for uncomfortable reading. ［精析］原文第四段最后兩句說(shuō)"作者好像一直在尋求描寫(xiě)對(duì)象的同意，他非常苦惱地描述了他害怕讓Farmer大夫失望的恐懼和用批評(píng)的字眼傷害大夫的痛苦以及對(duì)大夫的諒解所感到的欣慰"。由此推測(cè)，他對(duì)大夫的情感使他不能獨(dú)立地寫(xiě)作。故C）"Mr. Kidder的感情妨礙了他寫(xiě)作的獨(dú)立性"正確。 排除干擾由原文"他和 Farmer大夫一起到過(guò)溫暖而貧困的海地，也到過(guò)寒冷而易得結(jié)核病的俄羅斯"可推知，兩者曾在一起生活過(guò)，故排除A）；原文只是說(shuō)Mr. Kidder在寫(xiě)作上考慮了Dr. Farmer的認(rèn)同，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)他害怕做出真實(shí)的評(píng)論，故排除B）；原文說(shuō)道該書(shū)中已經(jīng)描寫(xiě)了Mr. Kidder在得到Dr. Farmer的諒解后所感到的欣慰，故D）"他還一直在等后者的諒解"錯(cuò)誤，也排除。 61. B）。［定位］由題干中的from the last paragraph可以定位到末段。 ?。劬觯菰哪┒握f(shuō)"這種親密倒突出了Farmer大夫那令人欽佩而又令人憤怒的性格"。Kidder先生寫(xiě)道，"Farmer不是到這個(gè)世界上讓任何人感到舒適的"，由此推知，他對(duì)社會(huì)的種種不平等，特別是"結(jié)構(gòu)型暴力"非常憤怒，因此很可能曾嚴(yán)厲地批評(píng)過(guò)這個(gè)社會(huì)，因此才會(huì)"讓很多人感到不舒服"，故B）正確。 排除干擾原文說(shuō)，能得到Farmer醫(yī)治的人是幸運(yùn)的，并非說(shuō)只幫助那些足夠幸運(yùn)的人，A）與原文不符；C）錯(cuò)誤，原文說(shuō)除了那些幸運(yùn)地成為他的病人的人，或那些完全不幸地需要他的人，F(xiàn)armer不是到這個(gè)世界上讓任何人感到舒適的，意思并非讓他的病人不舒服，排除；D）忽視了其作為醫(yī)生為病人治病，給人帶來(lái)健康的一面，故排除。 核心詞匯及短語(yǔ) appropriate adj. 恰當(dāng)?shù)? critical adj. 關(guān)鍵性的 academic adj. 學(xué)術(shù)的 compelling adj. 令人注目的 highlight vt. 強(qiáng)調(diào) unconventional adj. 非常規(guī)的 ultimately adv. 終極地set out 開(kāi)始 Part Ⅴ Cloze 本文的主要論題是婚姻。前三段講述的是年輕人的婚姻觀以及父母對(duì)年輕人擇偶的影響。后兩段講述了不同階級(jí)、不同宗教信仰，甚至是不同民族之間的婚姻。
62. C）。從句意上看，particularly和specially意思比較相近，但particularly"顯著地，尤其"多用于舉例子，specially"特別地"表示特點(diǎn)，前者更適合題意。 63. B）。此處是固定搭配，rather than表示"而不是"，相當(dāng)于instead of。 64. A）。從句意上看，arrange marriage表示"包辦婚姻"，正合題意。engage"訂婚"，不能和marriage搭配；manage"經(jīng)營(yíng)"；propose"求婚"，也不能同marriage搭配。 65. B）。appoint"約定"，指用權(quán)力或共同約定來(lái)決定或安排；date特指異性之間的約會(huì)，此處正合題意。 66. D）。此句的意思是"青少年通過(guò)學(xué)業(yè)和社會(huì)...交朋友"，position"地位"；association"聯(lián)系"；contract"合同"；contact"接觸"，從句意來(lái)看，D)符合題意。 67. D）。此句意思是"年輕人可以自由地從...群體選朋友"，separate"分開(kāi)的"；identical"相同的"；independent"獨(dú)立的"；different"不同的"，從句意上看，D)符合題意。 68. A）。background"背景"；situation"情形"；circumstance"環(huán)境"；condition"條件"，從句意上看，A)最接近。 69. C）。此處是固定搭配，select...for...表示"為...選擇..."；object"反對(duì)"，一般用object to；reject"拒絕"，不和for搭配；approve"同意"，用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)approve of。 70. A）。從信息詞but得知，此句和上半句"不能為孩子選擇配偶"應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，故選A)，表示父母可影響孩子對(duì)配偶的選擇。 71. B）。上文提到年輕人選擇配偶喜歡找背景相同的，但下文講的是不同階級(jí)、不同宗教信仰，甚至不同民族之間的婚姻，可見(jiàn)是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選however。therefore"所以"，表因果關(guān)系；moreover"甚至"，表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系；likewise"同樣地"，表對(duì)比關(guān)系。 72. C）。從下文的現(xiàn)在年輕人比以前流動(dòng)性大等內(nèi)容可以看出，不同群體之間的婚姻結(jié)合是逐步上升的，故選increase。decline"下降"，意思正好相反；prohibit"禁止"；reduce"減少"，意思均不合題意。 73. D）。此句意思是"年輕人比他們的父母受到更少歧視的"，respect"尊敬"；retain"保持"；reserve"預(yù)訂"；restrict"限制"，從句意上看，應(yīng)選D)。 74. B）。從邏輯關(guān)系上看，前面的求學(xué)、參軍和后面的創(chuàng)業(yè)應(yīng)該是并列的關(guān)系，故選or。 75. A）。be likely to表示"可能"；possible表示"可能"，但不用這種結(jié)構(gòu)，且表示的可能性較??；be reluctant to表示"勉強(qiáng)"；be eager to表示"渴望"。從句意上看，A)符合題意。 76. C）。此句意思是"在美國(guó)，不同階級(jí)之間的婚姻既不...也不奇怪"，scarce"不足的"；risky"冒險(xiǎn)的"；rare"稀少的"；rigid"嚴(yán)格的"，從句意上看，C)符合題意。 77. D）。此處是固定搭配，on the rise表示"不斷上升"。 78. B）。從信息詞on the other hand(另一方面)可知此句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選uncommon。 79. A）。此處是固定搭配，raise a family表示"養(yǎng)家"。 80. C）。從括號(hào)內(nèi)的解釋可以得知，這種婚姻的雙方是相同的種族，有相同的宗教信仰，但來(lái)自不同的國(guó)家。source"來(lái)源"，常表示信息的來(lái)源等；convention"習(xí)俗"，是干擾項(xiàng)，相同種族，相同宗教信仰的生活習(xí)俗應(yīng)該是相近的，故排除；origin"起源，出身"，正合題意；immigrant"移民"，也是干擾項(xiàng)，意思符合題意，但它是可數(shù)名詞，要用復(fù)數(shù)。 81. A）。整個(gè)句子是完成時(shí)態(tài)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示的又是一個(gè)點(diǎn)，故選since，表示"自從"。 Part ⅥTranslation 82. the championship would have belonged to ?。劭键c(diǎn)］①虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示和過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬，主句要使用would have done；②短語(yǔ)"屬于"的表達(dá)方式belong to。 83. reducing their weight by ［考點(diǎn)］①分詞短語(yǔ)"減輕體重"的表達(dá)方式，應(yīng)是reduce the weight；②表示程度由介詞by連接。同時(shí)，括號(hào)里的成分是空格前by的賓語(yǔ)，所以要用動(dòng)名詞形式。 84. greatly enriched English ［考點(diǎn)］①"豐富"的表達(dá)方式為enrich；②修飾程度用副詞greatly。 85. from the perspective of an adult ?。劭键c(diǎn)］分詞短語(yǔ)"從...角度"的表達(dá)方式為from the perspective of。 86. cling/stick to their traditions ?。劭键c(diǎn)］分詞短語(yǔ)"堅(jiān)持"的表達(dá)方式為cling/stick to。