動(dòng)詞用法在中考英語(yǔ)試卷中是常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)將初中階段常見(jiàn)的幾種動(dòng)詞的用法匯總一起，常出現(xiàn)的V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)、V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、V-ing形式的固定搭配、V-ing形式與不定式的區(qū)別的四種用法，供適合中考復(fù)習(xí)使用，希望本篇資料可以幫到考生復(fù)習(xí)。
A：出現(xiàn)以下詞，用do填空：
can , could, may, must, need, had better,
why not, Will ( Would ) you please…?
see, hear, watch, notice, let’s, make,
For examples:
Can you swim?
Could you show me the way to the post office?
May I come in?
You must finish your homework first.
You needn't worry about that.
You had better not smoke in the office.
Will(Would) you please close the window?
Did you see/notice him go into the classroom?
I heard her cry.= She was heard to cry.
Let's go!
The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.
The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.
B：出現(xiàn)以下詞，用to do 填空：
would like, want, begin, start, hope,
decide, ask, wish, have something to do,
tell, take time, it’s time, remember,
forget, learn, teach, try, stop, plan,
adj./疑問(wèn)詞后， take , allow, encourage,
warn, It’s +形容詞+to do something, discuss,
know, refuse, invite , like, offer,
make up one’s mind to do,
set one’s mind to do,
enough, need
C：出現(xiàn)以下詞，用doing 填空：
finish, like, enjoy, mind, keep, be busy,
there be, do some…, go doing, prevent,
be worth, spend, practice, feel like,
thank somebody for doing something ,
stop, excuse somebody for doing something,
can’t help, prefer…to…, look forward to…
hate, mention, have fun doing,
介詞：at, in , on, of , from, for, about,
with, without, make a contribution to,
be used to, hear, see, watch, notice, listen
考點(diǎn)一：V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)
(一)作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)
英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞后要用V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，在初中階段學(xué)過(guò)的常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：enjoy, finish, mind, keep(on), practise, consider, suggest, miss等。這些動(dòng)詞后面只能接V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，而不能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。例如：
I enjoy learning about new things. 我喜歡了解新事物。
Would you mind calling back some time tomorrow? 請(qǐng)你明天給我回電話好嗎?
I have finished writing the composition. 我已經(jīng)寫完了作文。
I am sorry I missed seeing you while you were in Beijing. 很遺憾在北京時(shí)我沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到你。
They decided to keep trying. 他們決定繼續(xù)試驗(yàn)。
【典型試題】
1.-It's too hot. Would you mind_________the door?
-_________. Please do it. (重慶)
A. to open; OK
B. opening; Certainly not
C. opening; Of course
D. to open; Good idea
2. Miss Zhang likes the students _________ books in the reading room, and she herself enjoys _________ books. (山東)
A. to read; to read B. read; reading
C. reading; reading D. to read; reading
3. Lily finished_________the book yesterday. ( 北京)
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
4. No matter how hard it is, we'll keep_________until we make it. (遼寧)
A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying
5. -How can I improve my spoken English?
-You have to practise_________as much as possible. (揚(yáng)州)
A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
(二)作介詞的賓語(yǔ)
V-ing形式作介詞賓語(yǔ)的情況很多，常常在某些固定短語(yǔ)之后。例如：
She is afraid of going out alone at night. 她害怕晚上單獨(dú)外出。
The children are fond of reading storybooks. 兒童喜歡看故事書。
I am proud of having a friend like you. 我為有你這樣的朋友感到驕傲。
Are you interested in going to the show? 你有興趣去看演出嗎?
He succeeded in solving the problem 他終于把問(wèn)題解決了。
【典型試題】
1. Lucy is interested in_________.(哈爾濱)
A. listen to music B. listening music
C. flying kites D. read books
2. -Thank you for_________the ruler from the floor for me.
-That's all right. (湖州)
A. playing for B. playing with
C. pointing to D. picking up
考點(diǎn)二：V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
在某些感官動(dòng)詞如see, watch, notice, hear, feel, find等和某些使役動(dòng)詞如keep, leave等后可用V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：
I saw them forcing the door open with a hammer. 我看見(jiàn)他們用錘子強(qiáng)行把門砸開(kāi)。
I heard her singing in the room when I passed by. 我經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在房間里唱歌。
I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。
We felt the house shaking. 我們感到房子在搖晃。
Maybe you'll find him waiting for you at the gate. 也許你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他在門口等你。
【典型試題】
1. The young lady watched her daughter _________ a yoyo yesterday afternoon. (重慶)
A. to play with B. playing with
C. to play D. plays
2. A policeman saw two thieves_________a girl's mobile phone on a bus and he caught them at once. (陜西)
A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen
考點(diǎn)三：V-ing形式的固定搭配
V-ing形式常常用于下列固定搭配中：
be busy (in) doing sth. (忙于做某事)，
spend some time (in) doing sth(花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事)，
stop / prevent sb. from doing sth(阻止某人做某事)，
feel like doing sth.(意欲做某事)，
can't help doing sth.(禁不住做某事)，
have fun doing sth.(很高興做某事)，
have difficulty (in) doing sth. (做某事有困難)
例如：
She couldn't help crying when she heard the news. 她聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí)忍不住哭了起來(lái)。
I don't feel like eating anything at the moment. 現(xiàn)在我不想吃東西。
We are busy preparing for the final exam. 我們正忙于準(zhǔn)備期末考試。
Nobody can stop us from going there. 誰(shuí)也不能阻止我們?nèi)ツ抢铩?BR> 【典型試題】
1. We must do something to stop people from_________. (陜西)
A. to throw litter about
B. to throw litter into
C. throwing litter about
D. throwing litter into
2. -What are you busy_________these days?
-Nothing much. (廈門)
A. do B. doing C. to do D. done
3. It was very late. She stopped the children from_________TV. (濰坊)
A. watches B. to watch C. watched D. watching
4. He has caught a bad cold, and he doesn't feel like_________. (2002 泰州)
A. to eat B. eating C. eats D. ate
5. Now more and more people are busy_________ about the Internet. (2002 漳州)
A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned
考點(diǎn)四：V-ing形式與不定式的區(qū)別
(一)stop, go on后接V-ing形式與不定式時(shí)的區(qū)別
在stop, go on后可接V-ing形式，也可接動(dòng)詞不定式，但意義差別很大。stop doing sth.表示"停止做某事"，V-ing形式作stop的賓語(yǔ);stop to do sth.表示"停下來(lái)去做另一件事"，不定式是stop的目的狀語(yǔ)。go on doing sth.表示"繼續(xù)做同一件事"，go on to do sth.表示"接著做另一件事"。例如：
The doctor told him to stop smoking. 醫(yī)生要他戒煙。
He stopped to smoke a cigarette. 他停下來(lái)抽煙。
He went on studying and finally received his doctor's degree. 他繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，后取得了博士學(xué)位。
After reading the text, he went on to do his homework. 讀完課文后，他接著做作業(yè)。
【典型試題】
1. If you don't feel well, you may just_________. (河北)
A. stopped reading B. stop reading
C. stopped to read D. stop to read
2. Stop_________so much noise!My father is sleeping. (煙臺(tái))
A. to make B. making C. to hear D. hearing
3. -Let's have a rest, shall we?
-Not now. I don't want to stop_________the letter yet. 黃岡)
A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write
4. Mr. Brown asked us to stop_________, and we stopped ______ to him at once. (2002 蘇州)
A. talking; to listen B. to talk; to listen
C. talking; listening D. talk; listen
(二)V-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別
在see, watch, notice, hear, feel等動(dòng)詞后，既可用V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，也可用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但在用法上有區(qū)別。用V-ing作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，即動(dòng)作處于發(fā)生的過(guò)程中，還沒(méi)有結(jié)束;用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，即動(dòng)作全過(guò)程結(jié)束了。例如：
I saw the girl getting on the bus. 我看見(jiàn)那個(gè)女孩在上公共汽車。
I saw the girl get on the bus and left. 我看見(jiàn)那個(gè)女孩上了公共汽車走了。
Do you hear her singing an English song? 她在唱一首英語(yǔ)歌曲，你聽(tīng)見(jiàn)了嗎?
I heard her sing an English song. 我聽(tīng)到她唱了一首英語(yǔ)歌曲。
【典型試題】
1. -Tom, have you seen your brother?
-Oh. I saw him_________basketball on the playground on my way home.(威海)
A. play B. plays C. playing D. played
2. When I was walking in the street, I saw a plane_________over my head.(福州)
A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly
A：出現(xiàn)以下詞，用do填空：
can , could, may, must, need, had better,
why not, Will ( Would ) you please…?
see, hear, watch, notice, let’s, make,
For examples:
Can you swim?
Could you show me the way to the post office?
May I come in?
You must finish your homework first.
You needn't worry about that.
You had better not smoke in the office.
Will(Would) you please close the window?
Did you see/notice him go into the classroom?
I heard her cry.= She was heard to cry.
Let's go!
The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.
The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.
B：出現(xiàn)以下詞，用to do 填空：
would like, want, begin, start, hope,
decide, ask, wish, have something to do,
tell, take time, it’s time, remember,
forget, learn, teach, try, stop, plan,
adj./疑問(wèn)詞后， take , allow, encourage,
warn, It’s +形容詞+to do something, discuss,
know, refuse, invite , like, offer,
make up one’s mind to do,
set one’s mind to do,
enough, need
C：出現(xiàn)以下詞，用doing 填空：
finish, like, enjoy, mind, keep, be busy,
there be, do some…, go doing, prevent,
be worth, spend, practice, feel like,
thank somebody for doing something ,
stop, excuse somebody for doing something,
can’t help, prefer…to…, look forward to…
hate, mention, have fun doing,
介詞：at, in , on, of , from, for, about,
with, without, make a contribution to,
be used to, hear, see, watch, notice, listen
考點(diǎn)一：V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)
(一)作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)
英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞后要用V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，在初中階段學(xué)過(guò)的常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：enjoy, finish, mind, keep(on), practise, consider, suggest, miss等。這些動(dòng)詞后面只能接V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，而不能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。例如：
I enjoy learning about new things. 我喜歡了解新事物。
Would you mind calling back some time tomorrow? 請(qǐng)你明天給我回電話好嗎?
I have finished writing the composition. 我已經(jīng)寫完了作文。
I am sorry I missed seeing you while you were in Beijing. 很遺憾在北京時(shí)我沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到你。
They decided to keep trying. 他們決定繼續(xù)試驗(yàn)。
【典型試題】
1.-It's too hot. Would you mind_________the door?
-_________. Please do it. (重慶)
A. to open; OK
B. opening; Certainly not
C. opening; Of course
D. to open; Good idea
2. Miss Zhang likes the students _________ books in the reading room, and she herself enjoys _________ books. (山東)
A. to read; to read B. read; reading
C. reading; reading D. to read; reading
3. Lily finished_________the book yesterday. ( 北京)
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
4. No matter how hard it is, we'll keep_________until we make it. (遼寧)
A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying
5. -How can I improve my spoken English?
-You have to practise_________as much as possible. (揚(yáng)州)
A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
(二)作介詞的賓語(yǔ)
V-ing形式作介詞賓語(yǔ)的情況很多，常常在某些固定短語(yǔ)之后。例如：
She is afraid of going out alone at night. 她害怕晚上單獨(dú)外出。
The children are fond of reading storybooks. 兒童喜歡看故事書。
I am proud of having a friend like you. 我為有你這樣的朋友感到驕傲。
Are you interested in going to the show? 你有興趣去看演出嗎?
He succeeded in solving the problem 他終于把問(wèn)題解決了。
【典型試題】
1. Lucy is interested in_________.(哈爾濱)
A. listen to music B. listening music
C. flying kites D. read books
2. -Thank you for_________the ruler from the floor for me.
-That's all right. (湖州)
A. playing for B. playing with
C. pointing to D. picking up
考點(diǎn)二：V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
在某些感官動(dòng)詞如see, watch, notice, hear, feel, find等和某些使役動(dòng)詞如keep, leave等后可用V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：
I saw them forcing the door open with a hammer. 我看見(jiàn)他們用錘子強(qiáng)行把門砸開(kāi)。
I heard her singing in the room when I passed by. 我經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在房間里唱歌。
I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。
We felt the house shaking. 我們感到房子在搖晃。
Maybe you'll find him waiting for you at the gate. 也許你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他在門口等你。
【典型試題】
1. The young lady watched her daughter _________ a yoyo yesterday afternoon. (重慶)
A. to play with B. playing with
C. to play D. plays
2. A policeman saw two thieves_________a girl's mobile phone on a bus and he caught them at once. (陜西)
A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen
考點(diǎn)三：V-ing形式的固定搭配
V-ing形式常常用于下列固定搭配中：
be busy (in) doing sth. (忙于做某事)，
spend some time (in) doing sth(花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事)，
stop / prevent sb. from doing sth(阻止某人做某事)，
feel like doing sth.(意欲做某事)，
can't help doing sth.(禁不住做某事)，
have fun doing sth.(很高興做某事)，
have difficulty (in) doing sth. (做某事有困難)
例如：
She couldn't help crying when she heard the news. 她聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí)忍不住哭了起來(lái)。
I don't feel like eating anything at the moment. 現(xiàn)在我不想吃東西。
We are busy preparing for the final exam. 我們正忙于準(zhǔn)備期末考試。
Nobody can stop us from going there. 誰(shuí)也不能阻止我們?nèi)ツ抢铩?BR> 【典型試題】
1. We must do something to stop people from_________. (陜西)
A. to throw litter about
B. to throw litter into
C. throwing litter about
D. throwing litter into
2. -What are you busy_________these days?
-Nothing much. (廈門)
A. do B. doing C. to do D. done
3. It was very late. She stopped the children from_________TV. (濰坊)
A. watches B. to watch C. watched D. watching
4. He has caught a bad cold, and he doesn't feel like_________. (2002 泰州)
A. to eat B. eating C. eats D. ate
5. Now more and more people are busy_________ about the Internet. (2002 漳州)
A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned
考點(diǎn)四：V-ing形式與不定式的區(qū)別
(一)stop, go on后接V-ing形式與不定式時(shí)的區(qū)別
在stop, go on后可接V-ing形式，也可接動(dòng)詞不定式，但意義差別很大。stop doing sth.表示"停止做某事"，V-ing形式作stop的賓語(yǔ);stop to do sth.表示"停下來(lái)去做另一件事"，不定式是stop的目的狀語(yǔ)。go on doing sth.表示"繼續(xù)做同一件事"，go on to do sth.表示"接著做另一件事"。例如：
The doctor told him to stop smoking. 醫(yī)生要他戒煙。
He stopped to smoke a cigarette. 他停下來(lái)抽煙。
He went on studying and finally received his doctor's degree. 他繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，后取得了博士學(xué)位。
After reading the text, he went on to do his homework. 讀完課文后，他接著做作業(yè)。
【典型試題】
1. If you don't feel well, you may just_________. (河北)
A. stopped reading B. stop reading
C. stopped to read D. stop to read
2. Stop_________so much noise!My father is sleeping. (煙臺(tái))
A. to make B. making C. to hear D. hearing
3. -Let's have a rest, shall we?
-Not now. I don't want to stop_________the letter yet. 黃岡)
A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write
4. Mr. Brown asked us to stop_________, and we stopped ______ to him at once. (2002 蘇州)
A. talking; to listen B. to talk; to listen
C. talking; listening D. talk; listen
(二)V-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別
在see, watch, notice, hear, feel等動(dòng)詞后，既可用V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，也可用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但在用法上有區(qū)別。用V-ing作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，即動(dòng)作處于發(fā)生的過(guò)程中，還沒(méi)有結(jié)束;用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，即動(dòng)作全過(guò)程結(jié)束了。例如：
I saw the girl getting on the bus. 我看見(jiàn)那個(gè)女孩在上公共汽車。
I saw the girl get on the bus and left. 我看見(jiàn)那個(gè)女孩上了公共汽車走了。
Do you hear her singing an English song? 她在唱一首英語(yǔ)歌曲，你聽(tīng)見(jiàn)了嗎?
I heard her sing an English song. 我聽(tīng)到她唱了一首英語(yǔ)歌曲。
【典型試題】
1. -Tom, have you seen your brother?
-Oh. I saw him_________basketball on the playground on my way home.(威海)
A. play B. plays C. playing D. played
2. When I was walking in the street, I saw a plane_________over my head.(福州)
A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly