esson 34 Adolescence青春期
First listen and then answer the following question. 聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。 What do adolescents respect in parents? Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. Such loss of dignity and descent into childish behaviour on the part of the adults deeply shocks the adolescents and makes them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the place or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves. Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it. The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true. Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt. Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.
1.Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. 【參考譯文】 當家長聽到孩子贊揚自己朋友的家時，總感到不安，認為孩子在嫌棄自家的飯菜、衛(wèi)生、或家具，而且愚蠢地讓孩子看出自己的煩惱。他們甚至責備孩子不忠，或者講些小朋友家長的壞話。家長這種有失身份和孩子氣的作法使青春期的孩子大為震驚，決心以后不再向父母講述去過的地方和見過的人。不要很久,家長就會抱怨孩子守口如瓶，什么事也不告訴他們，殊不知這是他們自找的。 不管家長的人品有多么好，作為父母有多么合格，孩子們對家長幻想的破滅在某種程度上是不可避免的。除非父母自身不能令人滿意，大多數(shù)孩子對父母估價過高，以致這種估價很難指望經(jīng)受住現(xiàn)實的考驗。如果家長意識到孩子們通常是多么相信家長的品行和絕對正確，意識到孩子們的這種信念會對孩子產(chǎn)生多么大的影響，那么家長會大為吃驚和深受感動的。如果家長對青少年的這種反應(yīng)有思想準備，并且意識到這象征著孩子們正在成熟和正在發(fā)展寶貴的觀察力、獨立判斷力，那么他們就不會那樣傷心，也就不會由于怨恨和抵觸這種反應(yīng)，而把孩子推到自己的對立面去。 青少年酷愛真誠，對于能夠承認錯誤或無知、甚至承認自己做得不分平或不公正的父母，他們總是尊敬的，孩子們所不能原諒的是：父母錯了，孩子們也看出來了，可是做父母的還不肯承認。 維多利亞時代的父母認為，他們可靠無理的權(quán)威氣派來維護自己的尊嚴，實際上那是根本不行的。孩子們只不過被嚇得不敢讓父母知道自己的想法罷了。雖然現(xiàn)在我們傾向于走向另一個極端，但總地來看，孩子和家長雙方態(tài)度都比較端正。遇事采取面對現(xiàn)實的態(tài)度總是比較明智和穩(wěn)妥的，盡管會有暫時的痛苦。1.adolescence n. 青春期
例句：The youth is now passing into adolescence. 那位少年已進入青春期。 2.slur n. 詆毀 例句：He took the remarks as a slur on his reputation. 他把這些話當作是對他的名譽的中傷。
3.adolescent n. 青少年
4.disloyalty n.不忠實,不信,不義,背信棄義
5.spiteful adj. 惡意的，懷恨的 例句：It was very spiteful of her to do that. 她干那件事是懷有惡意的。
6.disillusionment n. 幻滅感 例句：There is growing public disillusionment with the present system of government. 公眾對于政府的現(xiàn)行體制越來越不抱幻想。
7.evaluation n. 評價 例句：In their evaluation of the project, they considered only certain aspects of it. 在估算這個項目時，他們只考慮了其中的某些方面。
8.infallibility n. 一貫正確 例句：I can’t claim infallibility for this method. 我不敢說這方法絕對有效。
9.resent v. 怨恨
10.sincerity n. 誠摯
11.victorian adj. 維多利亞式的
12.retreat v. 后退 例句：Our soldiers force the enemy to retreat. 我們的戰(zhàn)士迫使敵人后退。
13.unreasoning adj. 不憑理智的 例句：Good sense has triumphed over unreasoning impetuosity. 清醒的理智戰(zhàn)勝了盲目沖動的急躁情緒。
14.authoritarian adj. 專制的
15.cow v. 嚇唬1.Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. 講解：這句話是個并列句，主要結(jié)構(gòu)是：Parents are often upset…… and regard it as……and often are foolish…… regard as認為，還可以用view as,see as,consider as等等來代替。 例句：I regard him as my friend. 我把他看作自己的朋友。 2.They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. 講解：make a remark發(fā)表意見，評論 例句：It was out of order for him to make such a tactless remark. 他說出這種不策略的話是得不得體的。 3.Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves. 講解：seldom是頻度副詞。 頻度副詞表示動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)，常見有的ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always 等。 頻度副詞在句中的位置： 頻度副詞通常位于實意動詞之前，動詞be、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后： He often comes to see us. 他常來看我們。 He is seldom late for school. 他上學很少遲到。 有時為了強調(diào)，頻度副詞也可位于動詞be、助動詞等之前： She always was late. 她老是遲到。 有的頻度副詞可位于句末(尤其受very, only修飾時)： I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五領(lǐng)工資。 We go out very seldom. 我們很少外出。 Do you go to the cinema very often? 你常去看電影嗎? 有的頻度副詞(如sometimes, often, usually, frequently, occasionally等)可位于句首(此時多半是因為強調(diào)或?qū)Ρ?： Sometimes he went there by bus. 有時他坐公共汽車去那兒。 Very often the phone rings when I’m in the bath. 電話經(jīng)常在我洗澡時響。 4.Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. 講解：however However和no matter how同義，都表示“無論如何”的意思，又都引導讓步狀語從句，但它們的修辭意味和使用場合有所不同。 However是比較正式的用語，大都用于書面語，口語中較少使用；no matter how則比較口語化，它的語勢比however重，故常用在強調(diào)的場合。 請看下面的例句： The task must be done，however arduous it may be． 無論多么艱難，這個任務(wù)一定要完成。 （試比較一般句：The task must be done though it is arduous．） 與之類似區(qū)別的詞語很多，例如whatever/no matter what、whenever/no matter when、wherever/no matter where、whichever/no matter which、whoever/no matter who。 5.Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. 講解：stand up經(jīng)久耐用; 站得住腳 例句：Do you think your car will stand up well under such snowy conditions? 你認為你的車在積雪的條件下還能耐用嗎? I'm afraid it won't stand up in court. 我擔心這件事在法庭上站不住腳。1.They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. 他們甚至責備孩子不忠，或者講些小朋友家長的壞話。 2.Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything,but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves. 不要很久,家長就會抱怨孩子守口如瓶，什么事也不告訴他們，殊不知這是他們自找的。 3.Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. 除非父母自身不能令人滿意，大多數(shù)孩子對父母估價過高，以致這種估價很難指望經(jīng)受住現(xiàn)實的考驗。 4.The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust.What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true. 青少年酷愛真誠，對于能夠承認錯誤或無知、甚至承認自己做得不分平或不公正的父母，他們總是尊敬的，孩子們所不能原諒的是：父母錯了，孩子們也看出來了，可是做父母的還不肯承認。
First listen and then answer the following question. 聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。 What do adolescents respect in parents? Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. Such loss of dignity and descent into childish behaviour on the part of the adults deeply shocks the adolescents and makes them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the place or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves. Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it. The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true. Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt. Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.
1.Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. 【參考譯文】 當家長聽到孩子贊揚自己朋友的家時，總感到不安，認為孩子在嫌棄自家的飯菜、衛(wèi)生、或家具，而且愚蠢地讓孩子看出自己的煩惱。他們甚至責備孩子不忠，或者講些小朋友家長的壞話。家長這種有失身份和孩子氣的作法使青春期的孩子大為震驚，決心以后不再向父母講述去過的地方和見過的人。不要很久,家長就會抱怨孩子守口如瓶，什么事也不告訴他們，殊不知這是他們自找的。 不管家長的人品有多么好，作為父母有多么合格，孩子們對家長幻想的破滅在某種程度上是不可避免的。除非父母自身不能令人滿意，大多數(shù)孩子對父母估價過高，以致這種估價很難指望經(jīng)受住現(xiàn)實的考驗。如果家長意識到孩子們通常是多么相信家長的品行和絕對正確，意識到孩子們的這種信念會對孩子產(chǎn)生多么大的影響，那么家長會大為吃驚和深受感動的。如果家長對青少年的這種反應(yīng)有思想準備，并且意識到這象征著孩子們正在成熟和正在發(fā)展寶貴的觀察力、獨立判斷力，那么他們就不會那樣傷心，也就不會由于怨恨和抵觸這種反應(yīng)，而把孩子推到自己的對立面去。 青少年酷愛真誠，對于能夠承認錯誤或無知、甚至承認自己做得不分平或不公正的父母，他們總是尊敬的，孩子們所不能原諒的是：父母錯了，孩子們也看出來了，可是做父母的還不肯承認。 維多利亞時代的父母認為，他們可靠無理的權(quán)威氣派來維護自己的尊嚴，實際上那是根本不行的。孩子們只不過被嚇得不敢讓父母知道自己的想法罷了。雖然現(xiàn)在我們傾向于走向另一個極端，但總地來看，孩子和家長雙方態(tài)度都比較端正。遇事采取面對現(xiàn)實的態(tài)度總是比較明智和穩(wěn)妥的，盡管會有暫時的痛苦。1.adolescence n. 青春期
例句：The youth is now passing into adolescence. 那位少年已進入青春期。 2.slur n. 詆毀 例句：He took the remarks as a slur on his reputation. 他把這些話當作是對他的名譽的中傷。
3.adolescent n. 青少年
4.disloyalty n.不忠實,不信,不義,背信棄義
5.spiteful adj. 惡意的，懷恨的 例句：It was very spiteful of her to do that. 她干那件事是懷有惡意的。
6.disillusionment n. 幻滅感 例句：There is growing public disillusionment with the present system of government. 公眾對于政府的現(xiàn)行體制越來越不抱幻想。
7.evaluation n. 評價 例句：In their evaluation of the project, they considered only certain aspects of it. 在估算這個項目時，他們只考慮了其中的某些方面。
8.infallibility n. 一貫正確 例句：I can’t claim infallibility for this method. 我不敢說這方法絕對有效。
9.resent v. 怨恨
10.sincerity n. 誠摯
11.victorian adj. 維多利亞式的
12.retreat v. 后退 例句：Our soldiers force the enemy to retreat. 我們的戰(zhàn)士迫使敵人后退。
13.unreasoning adj. 不憑理智的 例句：Good sense has triumphed over unreasoning impetuosity. 清醒的理智戰(zhàn)勝了盲目沖動的急躁情緒。
14.authoritarian adj. 專制的
15.cow v. 嚇唬1.Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. 講解：這句話是個并列句，主要結(jié)構(gòu)是：Parents are often upset…… and regard it as……and often are foolish…… regard as認為，還可以用view as,see as,consider as等等來代替。 例句：I regard him as my friend. 我把他看作自己的朋友。 2.They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. 講解：make a remark發(fā)表意見，評論 例句：It was out of order for him to make such a tactless remark. 他說出這種不策略的話是得不得體的。 3.Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves. 講解：seldom是頻度副詞。 頻度副詞表示動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)，常見有的ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always 等。 頻度副詞在句中的位置： 頻度副詞通常位于實意動詞之前，動詞be、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后： He often comes to see us. 他常來看我們。 He is seldom late for school. 他上學很少遲到。 有時為了強調(diào)，頻度副詞也可位于動詞be、助動詞等之前： She always was late. 她老是遲到。 有的頻度副詞可位于句末(尤其受very, only修飾時)： I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五領(lǐng)工資。 We go out very seldom. 我們很少外出。 Do you go to the cinema very often? 你常去看電影嗎? 有的頻度副詞(如sometimes, often, usually, frequently, occasionally等)可位于句首(此時多半是因為強調(diào)或?qū)Ρ?： Sometimes he went there by bus. 有時他坐公共汽車去那兒。 Very often the phone rings when I’m in the bath. 電話經(jīng)常在我洗澡時響。 4.Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. 講解：however However和no matter how同義，都表示“無論如何”的意思，又都引導讓步狀語從句，但它們的修辭意味和使用場合有所不同。 However是比較正式的用語，大都用于書面語，口語中較少使用；no matter how則比較口語化，它的語勢比however重，故常用在強調(diào)的場合。 請看下面的例句： The task must be done，however arduous it may be． 無論多么艱難，這個任務(wù)一定要完成。 （試比較一般句：The task must be done though it is arduous．） 與之類似區(qū)別的詞語很多，例如whatever/no matter what、whenever/no matter when、wherever/no matter where、whichever/no matter which、whoever/no matter who。 5.Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. 講解：stand up經(jīng)久耐用; 站得住腳 例句：Do you think your car will stand up well under such snowy conditions? 你認為你的車在積雪的條件下還能耐用嗎? I'm afraid it won't stand up in court. 我擔心這件事在法庭上站不住腳。1.They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. 他們甚至責備孩子不忠，或者講些小朋友家長的壞話。 2.Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything,but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves. 不要很久,家長就會抱怨孩子守口如瓶，什么事也不告訴他們，殊不知這是他們自找的。 3.Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. 除非父母自身不能令人滿意，大多數(shù)孩子對父母估價過高，以致這種估價很難指望經(jīng)受住現(xiàn)實的考驗。 4.The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust.What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true. 青少年酷愛真誠，對于能夠承認錯誤或無知、甚至承認自己做得不分平或不公正的父母，他們總是尊敬的，孩子們所不能原諒的是：父母錯了，孩子們也看出來了，可是做父母的還不肯承認。