2016年新SAT語(yǔ)法中的邏輯比較“潛規(guī)則”
今天是美國(guó)時(shí)間2016年3月5日，改革后的新SAT第一次考試剛剛在北美落下帷幕。新東方在線老師為親赴紐約了解第一手資訊，為廣大考生帶來(lái)新SAT首考最新動(dòng)態(tài)。本文是新東方在線SAT教研組郭潔老師對(duì)新SAT語(yǔ)法中的邏輯比較考點(diǎn)做的分析：
首先，我們來(lái)看一看OG中對(duì)于邏輯比較考點(diǎn)的陳述：
Problems with illogical comparisons arise when unlike or dissimilar things are treated as equivalent. (OG P.151)
在新SAT有關(guān)比較的試題中，作比較的兩部分一定要具有可比性。在比較對(duì)象為A of B或者sb's ＋N的結(jié)構(gòu)中，第二個(gè)比較對(duì)象在SAT中如果采用省略形式，在做題時(shí)，要補(bǔ)出具有that of/those of 形式或者's的部分。
重要的事情說(shuō)三遍：
When a sentence compares two or more things, check to make sure that the items being compared are parallel in nature.
那么當(dāng)出現(xiàn)哪些詞的時(shí)候我們需要特別注意比較的可比性呢？
當(dāng)題干中出現(xiàn)這些詞的時(shí)候，我們就要開(kāi)始考慮比較對(duì)象是否可比這個(gè)問(wèn)題。如何使得比較對(duì)象可比，我們主要挑選以下兩點(diǎn)來(lái)進(jìn)行闡述。
1.關(guān)于補(bǔ)that 和those 的問(wèn)題
先看下列例句：
The cost of living in the city differs from the suburb.
這是一個(gè)典型的錯(cuò)句。句中的比較標(biāo)志詞是differ from, 句中用the cost of living in the city和the suburb做比較，這顯然是不可比的。正確的比較是：
The cost of living in the city differs from that in the suburb.
這個(gè)句子中如果比較的對(duì)象是可數(shù)單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)時(shí)，則第二個(gè)比較對(duì)象要用that來(lái)指代第一個(gè)比較對(duì)象；當(dāng)然，如果比較的對(duì)象是個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)概念，則第二個(gè)比較對(duì)象要用those來(lái)指代第一個(gè)比較對(duì)象。
下面我們結(jié)合真題來(lái)看一看新SAT語(yǔ)法是如何考察比較考點(diǎn)的。
KH11-Taking on Gatsby: A Director’s Tall Task：
Many viewers want to see the literary source portrayed on screen exactly as it was written, especially when the plot and characters are as memorable as [Q 4]that ofThe Great Gatsby.
Question 4.
A. NO CHANGE
B. those of
C. the one in
D. Delete the underlined portion.
本題中，比較的標(biāo)志詞是as…as, 是將plot and characters和The Great Gatsby的plot and characters 在做比較，plot and characters為復(fù)數(shù)概念，所以我們選擇用those 指代。正確答案：B
KH22-Toshio Fukuda: Medical Robotics Pioneer
Today, Dr. Fukuda has moved from the world of the micro-robot to [Q4]the macro-robot. He is busy developing full-sized medical models of patients scheduled to undergo complex surgical procedures.
Question 4.
本題中，比較的標(biāo)志詞是from…to…, 是將the world of the micro-robot和the world of macro-robot在做隱性比較，world為單數(shù)概念，所以我們選擇用that指代。正確答案：B
新SAT OG-T4-Q12
Some people buy organic food because they believe organically grown crops are more nutritious and safer for consumption than [Q12]the people who purchase their conventionally grown counterparts, which are usually produced with pesticides and synthetic fertilizers.
Question 12.
A. NO CHANGE (the people who purchase)
B. the purchase of
C. purchasing
D. DELETE the underlined portion.
本題中，比較的標(biāo)志詞是more nutritious and safer than…, 是將organically grown crops和conventionally grown counterparts在做比較（注意），而不是將crops和people或者purchase進(jìn)行比較。正確答案：D
2.關(guān)于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中補(bǔ)助動(dòng)詞的問(wèn)題
在比較結(jié)構(gòu)的第二部分中，第二個(gè)比較對(duì)象后面常要補(bǔ)一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，以使比較對(duì)象更加清楚。試比較一下兩個(gè)句子的不同之處。
I love Mary more than my parents.
I love Mary more than my parents do.
第一個(gè)句子的意思是："我愛(ài)Mary比我愛(ài)我父母多一些"，是Mary與沒(méi)my parents之間做比較；而第二個(gè)句子的意思是"我要比我父母更愛(ài)Mary"，是I與my parents之間做比較。
一般而言，當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)部分做比較時(shí)，SAT傾向于在第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)后加上助動(dòng)詞（do/did/does, 助動(dòng)詞的形式視前面動(dòng)詞而定），助動(dòng)詞的形式。例外情況是第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)后沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，如：I run more quickly than you. 在此句中，只能是I和you作比較，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義。試看下列例句中補(bǔ)助動(dòng)詞的用法。
Yesterday I went to the cinema earlier than they did. (前面動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)后補(bǔ)出did)
I do my homework better than Mary does. (前面動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)為三單，后補(bǔ)出does)
新SAT OG-T3-Q28：How Do You Like Those Apples?
But some fruits do not respond as well to 1‑M C P as others [Q28] did, and some even respond adversely.
Question 28.
A. NO CHANGE
B. do,
C. have,
D. will,
本題中，比較的標(biāo)志詞是as…as…, 是將some fruits respond to 1-MCP和others respond to 1-MCP在做隱性比較，respond為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，others 為復(fù)數(shù)，所以我們選擇在others之后補(bǔ)出do。正確答案：B
以上就是新東方在線郭潔老師為大家?guī)?lái)的新SAT改革的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容。最后預(yù)祝大家在2016新SAT考試中取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)。
今天是美國(guó)時(shí)間2016年3月5日，改革后的新SAT第一次考試剛剛在北美落下帷幕。新東方在線老師為親赴紐約了解第一手資訊，為廣大考生帶來(lái)新SAT首考最新動(dòng)態(tài)。本文是新東方在線SAT教研組郭潔老師對(duì)新SAT語(yǔ)法中的邏輯比較考點(diǎn)做的分析：
首先，我們來(lái)看一看OG中對(duì)于邏輯比較考點(diǎn)的陳述：
Problems with illogical comparisons arise when unlike or dissimilar things are treated as equivalent. (OG P.151)
在新SAT有關(guān)比較的試題中，作比較的兩部分一定要具有可比性。在比較對(duì)象為A of B或者sb's ＋N的結(jié)構(gòu)中，第二個(gè)比較對(duì)象在SAT中如果采用省略形式，在做題時(shí)，要補(bǔ)出具有that of/those of 形式或者's的部分。
重要的事情說(shuō)三遍：
When a sentence compares two or more things, check to make sure that the items being compared are parallel in nature.
那么當(dāng)出現(xiàn)哪些詞的時(shí)候我們需要特別注意比較的可比性呢？
比較關(guān)系 |
||||
同級(jí)比較 |
As…as |
|||
比較級(jí) |
More…than |
adj-er than |
Less…than |
|
相似 |
Like |
Similar to |
||
差異 |
Unlike |
Be different／differ from |
Distinct from |
Compared with |
隱含比較 |
From…to… |
|||
當(dāng)題干中出現(xiàn)這些詞的時(shí)候，我們就要開(kāi)始考慮比較對(duì)象是否可比這個(gè)問(wèn)題。如何使得比較對(duì)象可比，我們主要挑選以下兩點(diǎn)來(lái)進(jìn)行闡述。
1.關(guān)于補(bǔ)that 和those 的問(wèn)題
先看下列例句：
The cost of living in the city differs from the suburb.
這是一個(gè)典型的錯(cuò)句。句中的比較標(biāo)志詞是differ from, 句中用the cost of living in the city和the suburb做比較，這顯然是不可比的。正確的比較是：
The cost of living in the city differs from that in the suburb.
這個(gè)句子中如果比較的對(duì)象是可數(shù)單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)時(shí)，則第二個(gè)比較對(duì)象要用that來(lái)指代第一個(gè)比較對(duì)象；當(dāng)然，如果比較的對(duì)象是個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)概念，則第二個(gè)比較對(duì)象要用those來(lái)指代第一個(gè)比較對(duì)象。
下面我們結(jié)合真題來(lái)看一看新SAT語(yǔ)法是如何考察比較考點(diǎn)的。
KH11-Taking on Gatsby: A Director’s Tall Task：
Many viewers want to see the literary source portrayed on screen exactly as it was written, especially when the plot and characters are as memorable as [Q 4]that ofThe Great Gatsby.
Question 4.
A. NO CHANGE
B. those of
C. the one in
D. Delete the underlined portion.
本題中，比較的標(biāo)志詞是as…as, 是將plot and characters和The Great Gatsby的plot and characters 在做比較，plot and characters為復(fù)數(shù)概念，所以我們選擇用those 指代。正確答案：B
KH22-Toshio Fukuda: Medical Robotics Pioneer
Today, Dr. Fukuda has moved from the world of the micro-robot to [Q4]the macro-robot. He is busy developing full-sized medical models of patients scheduled to undergo complex surgical procedures.
Question 4.
- NO CHANGE
- that of the macro-robot.
- those of the macro-robot.
- macro-robots.
本題中，比較的標(biāo)志詞是from…to…, 是將the world of the micro-robot和the world of macro-robot在做隱性比較，world為單數(shù)概念，所以我們選擇用that指代。正確答案：B
新SAT OG-T4-Q12
Some people buy organic food because they believe organically grown crops are more nutritious and safer for consumption than [Q12]the people who purchase their conventionally grown counterparts, which are usually produced with pesticides and synthetic fertilizers.
Question 12.
A. NO CHANGE (the people who purchase)
B. the purchase of
C. purchasing
D. DELETE the underlined portion.
本題中，比較的標(biāo)志詞是more nutritious and safer than…, 是將organically grown crops和conventionally grown counterparts在做比較（注意），而不是將crops和people或者purchase進(jìn)行比較。正確答案：D
2.關(guān)于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中補(bǔ)助動(dòng)詞的問(wèn)題
在比較結(jié)構(gòu)的第二部分中，第二個(gè)比較對(duì)象后面常要補(bǔ)一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，以使比較對(duì)象更加清楚。試比較一下兩個(gè)句子的不同之處。
I love Mary more than my parents.
I love Mary more than my parents do.
第一個(gè)句子的意思是："我愛(ài)Mary比我愛(ài)我父母多一些"，是Mary與沒(méi)my parents之間做比較；而第二個(gè)句子的意思是"我要比我父母更愛(ài)Mary"，是I與my parents之間做比較。
一般而言，當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)部分做比較時(shí)，SAT傾向于在第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)后加上助動(dòng)詞（do/did/does, 助動(dòng)詞的形式視前面動(dòng)詞而定），助動(dòng)詞的形式。例外情況是第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)后沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，如：I run more quickly than you. 在此句中，只能是I和you作比較，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義。試看下列例句中補(bǔ)助動(dòng)詞的用法。
Yesterday I went to the cinema earlier than they did. (前面動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)后補(bǔ)出did)
I do my homework better than Mary does. (前面動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)為三單，后補(bǔ)出does)
新SAT OG-T3-Q28：How Do You Like Those Apples?
But some fruits do not respond as well to 1‑M C P as others [Q28] did, and some even respond adversely.
Question 28.
A. NO CHANGE
B. do,
C. have,
D. will,
本題中，比較的標(biāo)志詞是as…as…, 是將some fruits respond to 1-MCP和others respond to 1-MCP在做隱性比較，respond為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，others 為復(fù)數(shù)，所以我們選擇在others之后補(bǔ)出do。正確答案：B
以上就是新東方在線郭潔老師為大家?guī)?lái)的新SAT改革的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容。最后預(yù)祝大家在2016新SAT考試中取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)。