專題八 動詞時態(tài)
動詞時態(tài)是中考英語的熱點、難點之一。中考共考查八種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法。
一、一般現(xiàn)在時 1. 表示習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作，用一般現(xiàn)在時。句中常含always，often，usually，sometimes，once a week，every day等標志詞。如： They come to school at seven every day. 他們每天7點鐘到學校。 My mother often does some washing after breakfast. 我媽媽常常吃完早餐后洗衣服。
2. 表示客觀事實和客觀真理要用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太陽從東方升起，西方落下。 She said that lights run faster than sound. 她說光比聲音傳播得快。
3. 如果主句用將來時態(tài)，那么when，before，after，until，as soon as等引導的時間狀語從句和if，unless等引導的條件狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： As soon as I get there, I'll telephone you. 我一到那兒就打電話給你。 If I have time tomorrow, I'll go with you. 假如我明天有時間的話，我將同你一起去。 I'll tell you as soon as he comes back this afternoon. 今天下午他一回來我就告訴你。 注： 一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成為“主語+v./v-s(-es)+其它”。謂語是行為動詞時要借助動詞do / does來幫助提問、否定、回答，幫助提問、否定時行為動詞要還為原形。如： -Does he get up early every day?他每天起得早嗎? -Yes, he does. 是的。 Lucy doesn' t have lunch at school. Lucy不在學校吃中餐。
【拓展延伸】 “go，start，leave，come，begin，stop，want”等動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時可表示安排或計劃好將來的動作。如： They leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他們動身去北京。
二、現(xiàn)在進行時 現(xiàn)在進行時表示此時此刻或當前這一段時間正在進行的動作，也可表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。句中多有now，these days，Listen! Look!等提示詞。現(xiàn)在進行時由“am/ is/are+v-ing”構(gòu)成。如： Look! The children are playing soccer on the playground. 瞧! 孩子們正在操場上踢足球。 We are having an English class now. 現(xiàn)在我們正在上英語課。
【拓展延伸】 (1)表位置移動的詞如come，go，leave，start，fly，die等的進行時表將來時的意義。如：The bus is leaving now. 這輛公共汽車就要離開了。 We are coming here. 我們就來了。 (2)現(xiàn)在進行時與always連用時表示具有“贊嘆”或“厭煩”等感情色彩。如： He is always thinking more of others than himself. 他總是想著別人而不考慮自己。 He is always talking in class. 在課堂上他總是說話。
三、一般過去時 一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，也可表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。它常與ago，last week，yesterday，just now等過去的時間連用。一般過去時構(gòu)成為“主語+動詞的過去式+……”。如：He used to make model ships last year. 他去年經(jīng)常制作輪船模型。 What did you say just now?你剛才說什么? 注：謂語是行為動詞時必須借助助動詞did來幫助提問、否定、回答，幫助提問、否定時行為動詞要用原形。如： -Did you pick the apples on the farm last October? 去年十月你們在農(nóng)場里摘了蘋果嗎? -No，we didn' t. 沒有。 We didn't pick the apples on the farm last October. 去年十月我們沒有在農(nóng)場摘過蘋果。
四、一般將來時
一般將來肘表示將來時間要發(fā)生的動作。它常與tomorrow，next month，in two days，soon等將來的時間連用。一般將來時構(gòu)成為“主語+will/shall/be going to+動詞原形……” 如：Will you come here in two days?兩天后你會來這里嗎? I'm not going to fly a kite this afternoon. 今天下午我不打算放風箏。
【拓展延伸】 (1)be to do sth. 可表按計劃安排將要發(fā)生的動作。 如：These books are to come out. 這些書將出版了。 (2)Shall I(we)+動詞原形……?表示“我(我們)……好嗎?”;Will you please +動詞原形……?表示“你(你們)……好嗎?”。此時兩者均為詢問對方意見用語。 如：Will you please wake me up tomorrow?請你明天叫醒我好嗎? Shall I get some chalk?要我拿些粉筆來嗎?
五、現(xiàn)在完成時 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成了影響和結(jié)果，它常與already，yet，never，ever，just，before，once，recently等副詞連用。 如：Have you read the book yet?你看了那本書嗎? I've never been to Shanghai before. 我以前從來沒有去過上海。 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時還可表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭幼骰驙顟B(tài)，常與so far，ever since，how long，in the past/last two years，since…ago，“for +段時間”、“since十點時間”、“since +/從句(用一般過去時)”等連用。如： I have known him for three years. 我認識他有三年了。 I’ve lived here since I was born. 自出生后，我就住在這里。 注：此種用法要求在肯定句中的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。但在否定句中，非延續(xù)性動詞可與時間段連用。如： We haven't heard from her for a long time. 我們很長時間沒有收到她的來信了。 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成為“主語+have/has +過去分詞……”
六、過去進行時 過去進行時表示過去某時或某段時間正在發(fā)生的動作，常與從句等特定的過去時間連用。其構(gòu)成為“主語+was/were+v-ing…”。 如：They were watching TV at this time last night. 昨晚這個時候他們正在看電視。 He said he was having supper at six yesterday. 他說他昨天6點鐘正在吃晚飯。
七、過去將來時 過去將來時表示過去某時來看將要發(fā)生的動作或事情。它常用在主句是一般過去時，從句的動作比主句更后發(fā)生的賓語從句中，其構(gòu)成為“主語+would/was(were)going to+動詞原形……”。 如：She told me she would go there tomorrow. 她告訴我她明天將去那里。 He said he was going to stay here. 他說他打算呆在這里。 八、過去完成時 過去完成時常用在主句是一般過去時，從句的動作比主句更前發(fā)生的賓語從句中，表“過去的過去”。其構(gòu)成為“主語+had +過去分詞……”。 如：How many songs have you learned by the end of last term?到上學期你們學會了多少首歌?When we got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes.
當我們到達電*時，電影已經(jīng)開始五分鐘了I heard he had lived there for five years.
我聽說他住那五年了。實戰(zhàn)演練(2×50) 計分:
1. —What do you do?
—I’m an engineer. I _____ in a company in Wuhan. I like my job very much.
A. work B. had worked C. will work
2. —Is your father a doctor?
—Yes, he is. He__________ in Town Hospital.
A. has worked B. had worked C. works
3. Every year many foreigners _________to China to learn Chinese.
A. have come B. comes C. come
4.My mother will take me to the movie if she _________ free this weekend. A. is B. will be C. would be
5.The girls will have a trip if it _________fine.
A. is B. has been C. will be
6. —Where’s Susan, Mike? —She _________ in the kitchen.
A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking
7. —Have you got a job offer? —Not yet. I ___________.
A. waited B. am waiting C. wait
8. —Do you think John will help me move the piano?
—You’d better not ask him. He __________ a composition.
A. wrote B. writes C. is writing
9. —Where are the children, Mr Black?
—Oh, they _________ their PE lesson on the playground.
A. have B. had C. are having
10.They ________ about “Super Girls”. Let’s join them.
A. talk B. are talking C. have talked
11.—What are you doing, Cathy?
—I’m __________my cat. I can’t find it.
A. looking for B. looking at C. looking after
12.—Mary, could you help me? —Wait a moment. I _________.
A. read a book B. am cooking dinner C. was watching TV
13.—Listen，who _________ in the room? —Let’s go and see.
A. is crying B. crying C. cries
14.Don’t turn off the radio. I _______ to the news.
A. listen B. have listened C. am listening
15.—What’s the best food you’ve had in Beijing, Alex?
—Roasted duck! I _________to a famous restaurant to have it last week.
A. have gone B. go C. went
16.He went into his room, _______ the light and began to work.
A. has turned on B. turns on C. turned on
17. —What did you do after school yesterday?
—I _________basketball with my friends.
A. play B. played C. am playing
18.Yesterday, Tony’s family _________ a good time.
A. has B. have C. had
19. I’m sorry you’ve missed the train. It _______10 minutes ago.
A. left B. has left C. had left
20. —Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter? —I ______well last night.
A. didn’t sleep B. don’t sleep C. haven’t slept
21.—What did the teacher say just now?
—He __________us not to play computer games all day.
A. tells B. told C. has told
22.—Where’s the cake I made this morning?
—We _______ it, mum. Can you make another one for us?
A. ate B. eat C. were eating
23.—Have you mended your shoes，Bob?
—Yes. I_________ them twenty minutes ago.
A. have mended B.mended C.had mended
24.—When _______________ for Hong Kong, do you know?
—I’m not sure. When he __________, I’ll let you know.
A. he leaves ;leaves B. he will leave; will leave C. will he leave; leaves
25.—Where will they go next Sunday? —They ___________ to the Great Wall.
A. will go B. go C. has gone
26.—Has he returned the library book yet? —Not yet. Don’t worry. He _________it soon.
A. returns B. has returned C. will return
27. I hear that he will be back ______ two weeks’ time.
A. after B. in C. for
28.He doesn’t tell me when he__________. I’ll call you up as soon as he __________.
A. will come, arrives B. comes, arrives C. will come, will arrive
29.If it_____________ tomorrow, we_______ travel outside.
A. will rain; will B. rains; won’t C. will rain; won’t
30.—Jim, can you help me to wash the dishes? —Sorry, Dad. I____________ to the shop.
A. go B. have been C. am going
31.— _________ the latest Time magazine ________yet?
—Sorry, it’s late. Maybe tomorrow.
A. Will; arrive B. Has; arrived C. Do; arrive
32.Susan isn’t here now. She ________ to England. She will come back next month.
A. goes B. has gone C. went
33.—How long ________Korean girl _________China?
—For four years. Now she can speak Chinese.
A. has; been to B. has; been in C. was; in
34.—Would you like to see the film with me? —I’m sorry I ________ it twice.
A. saw B. had see C. have seen
35. She__________ that same song so many times. I’m getting sick of it!
A. sings B. sang C. has sung
36.—___________you __________your dictionary?
—No, so I have to buy a new one today.
A. Did; find B. Have; found C. Had; found
37. I _________to Cape Town, so I know nothing about it.
A. don’t travel B. haven’t traveled C. hadn’t traveled
38.—______you ______the film Harry Potter 7? —Not yet. I’ll see it this Sunday.
A. Did; see B.Have; seen C. Do; see
39.I won’t forget my teacher because she_________ so kind to me since I came to this school. A. has been B. is C. has
40.In the past few years there ___________ great changes in my hometown.
A. have been B. were C. are
41.—It’s raining! When did it start?
—I don’t know exactly. In fact, it __________all this afternoon.
A. lasts B. has lasted C. lasted
42.—Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening?
—No, I won't. I__________ it already.
A.saw B.have seen C.see
43.—I didn’t see you when I came here last night. Where were you?
—I ___________ my project at home.
A. designed B. have designed C. was designing
44.My mother ____________ dinner when I came back.
A. cooks B.is cooking C. was cooking
45.— I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.
—Oh.I'm sorry. I_____________ dinner at my friend’s home.
A. had B. was having C. have had
46.—What did the teacher say just now?
—Sorry. I didn’t catch it. I __________________something else.
A. think B. am thinking C. was thinking
47.—I knocked into a tree when I went to the railway station for my friend.
—I suppose you ___________too fast.
A. drove B. are driving C. were driving
48.When I went to say goodbye to Anna, she ______________ the piano.
A. is playing B. played C. was playing
49.His parents wanted to know what he __________ at that time.
A. is doing B. was doing C. has done
50.Mary___________ the piano well. She is often asked to play at the concert.
A. played B. plays C. playing
參考答案
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動詞時態(tài)是中考英語的熱點、難點之一。中考共考查八種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法。
一、一般現(xiàn)在時 1. 表示習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作，用一般現(xiàn)在時。句中常含always，often，usually，sometimes，once a week，every day等標志詞。如： They come to school at seven every day. 他們每天7點鐘到學校。 My mother often does some washing after breakfast. 我媽媽常常吃完早餐后洗衣服。
2. 表示客觀事實和客觀真理要用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太陽從東方升起，西方落下。 She said that lights run faster than sound. 她說光比聲音傳播得快。
3. 如果主句用將來時態(tài)，那么when，before，after，until，as soon as等引導的時間狀語從句和if，unless等引導的條件狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： As soon as I get there, I'll telephone you. 我一到那兒就打電話給你。 If I have time tomorrow, I'll go with you. 假如我明天有時間的話，我將同你一起去。 I'll tell you as soon as he comes back this afternoon. 今天下午他一回來我就告訴你。 注： 一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成為“主語+v./v-s(-es)+其它”。謂語是行為動詞時要借助動詞do / does來幫助提問、否定、回答，幫助提問、否定時行為動詞要還為原形。如： -Does he get up early every day?他每天起得早嗎? -Yes, he does. 是的。 Lucy doesn' t have lunch at school. Lucy不在學校吃中餐。
【拓展延伸】 “go，start，leave，come，begin，stop，want”等動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時可表示安排或計劃好將來的動作。如： They leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他們動身去北京。
二、現(xiàn)在進行時 現(xiàn)在進行時表示此時此刻或當前這一段時間正在進行的動作，也可表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。句中多有now，these days，Listen! Look!等提示詞。現(xiàn)在進行時由“am/ is/are+v-ing”構(gòu)成。如： Look! The children are playing soccer on the playground. 瞧! 孩子們正在操場上踢足球。 We are having an English class now. 現(xiàn)在我們正在上英語課。
【拓展延伸】 (1)表位置移動的詞如come，go，leave，start，fly，die等的進行時表將來時的意義。如：The bus is leaving now. 這輛公共汽車就要離開了。 We are coming here. 我們就來了。 (2)現(xiàn)在進行時與always連用時表示具有“贊嘆”或“厭煩”等感情色彩。如： He is always thinking more of others than himself. 他總是想著別人而不考慮自己。 He is always talking in class. 在課堂上他總是說話。
三、一般過去時 一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，也可表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。它常與ago，last week，yesterday，just now等過去的時間連用。一般過去時構(gòu)成為“主語+動詞的過去式+……”。如：He used to make model ships last year. 他去年經(jīng)常制作輪船模型。 What did you say just now?你剛才說什么? 注：謂語是行為動詞時必須借助助動詞did來幫助提問、否定、回答，幫助提問、否定時行為動詞要用原形。如： -Did you pick the apples on the farm last October? 去年十月你們在農(nóng)場里摘了蘋果嗎? -No，we didn' t. 沒有。 We didn't pick the apples on the farm last October. 去年十月我們沒有在農(nóng)場摘過蘋果。
四、一般將來時
一般將來肘表示將來時間要發(fā)生的動作。它常與tomorrow，next month，in two days，soon等將來的時間連用。一般將來時構(gòu)成為“主語+will/shall/be going to+動詞原形……” 如：Will you come here in two days?兩天后你會來這里嗎? I'm not going to fly a kite this afternoon. 今天下午我不打算放風箏。
【拓展延伸】 (1)be to do sth. 可表按計劃安排將要發(fā)生的動作。 如：These books are to come out. 這些書將出版了。 (2)Shall I(we)+動詞原形……?表示“我(我們)……好嗎?”;Will you please +動詞原形……?表示“你(你們)……好嗎?”。此時兩者均為詢問對方意見用語。 如：Will you please wake me up tomorrow?請你明天叫醒我好嗎? Shall I get some chalk?要我拿些粉筆來嗎?
五、現(xiàn)在完成時 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成了影響和結(jié)果，它常與already，yet，never，ever，just，before，once，recently等副詞連用。 如：Have you read the book yet?你看了那本書嗎? I've never been to Shanghai before. 我以前從來沒有去過上海。 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時還可表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭幼骰驙顟B(tài)，常與so far，ever since，how long，in the past/last two years，since…ago，“for +段時間”、“since十點時間”、“since +/從句(用一般過去時)”等連用。如： I have known him for three years. 我認識他有三年了。 I’ve lived here since I was born. 自出生后，我就住在這里。 注：此種用法要求在肯定句中的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。但在否定句中，非延續(xù)性動詞可與時間段連用。如： We haven't heard from her for a long time. 我們很長時間沒有收到她的來信了。 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成為“主語+have/has +過去分詞……”
六、過去進行時 過去進行時表示過去某時或某段時間正在發(fā)生的動作，常與從句等特定的過去時間連用。其構(gòu)成為“主語+was/were+v-ing…”。 如：They were watching TV at this time last night. 昨晚這個時候他們正在看電視。 He said he was having supper at six yesterday. 他說他昨天6點鐘正在吃晚飯。
七、過去將來時 過去將來時表示過去某時來看將要發(fā)生的動作或事情。它常用在主句是一般過去時，從句的動作比主句更后發(fā)生的賓語從句中，其構(gòu)成為“主語+would/was(were)going to+動詞原形……”。 如：She told me she would go there tomorrow. 她告訴我她明天將去那里。 He said he was going to stay here. 他說他打算呆在這里。 八、過去完成時 過去完成時常用在主句是一般過去時，從句的動作比主句更前發(fā)生的賓語從句中，表“過去的過去”。其構(gòu)成為“主語+had +過去分詞……”。 如：How many songs have you learned by the end of last term?到上學期你們學會了多少首歌?When we got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes.
當我們到達電*時，電影已經(jīng)開始五分鐘了I heard he had lived there for five years.
我聽說他住那五年了。實戰(zhàn)演練(2×50) 計分:
1. —What do you do?
—I’m an engineer. I _____ in a company in Wuhan. I like my job very much.
A. work B. had worked C. will work
2. —Is your father a doctor?
—Yes, he is. He__________ in Town Hospital.
A. has worked B. had worked C. works
3. Every year many foreigners _________to China to learn Chinese.
A. have come B. comes C. come
4.My mother will take me to the movie if she _________ free this weekend. A. is B. will be C. would be
5.The girls will have a trip if it _________fine.
A. is B. has been C. will be
6. —Where’s Susan, Mike? —She _________ in the kitchen.
A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking
7. —Have you got a job offer? —Not yet. I ___________.
A. waited B. am waiting C. wait
8. —Do you think John will help me move the piano?
—You’d better not ask him. He __________ a composition.
A. wrote B. writes C. is writing
9. —Where are the children, Mr Black?
—Oh, they _________ their PE lesson on the playground.
A. have B. had C. are having
10.They ________ about “Super Girls”. Let’s join them.
A. talk B. are talking C. have talked
11.—What are you doing, Cathy?
—I’m __________my cat. I can’t find it.
A. looking for B. looking at C. looking after
12.—Mary, could you help me? —Wait a moment. I _________.
A. read a book B. am cooking dinner C. was watching TV
13.—Listen，who _________ in the room? —Let’s go and see.
A. is crying B. crying C. cries
14.Don’t turn off the radio. I _______ to the news.
A. listen B. have listened C. am listening
15.—What’s the best food you’ve had in Beijing, Alex?
—Roasted duck! I _________to a famous restaurant to have it last week.
A. have gone B. go C. went
16.He went into his room, _______ the light and began to work.
A. has turned on B. turns on C. turned on
17. —What did you do after school yesterday?
—I _________basketball with my friends.
A. play B. played C. am playing
18.Yesterday, Tony’s family _________ a good time.
A. has B. have C. had
19. I’m sorry you’ve missed the train. It _______10 minutes ago.
A. left B. has left C. had left
20. —Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter? —I ______well last night.
A. didn’t sleep B. don’t sleep C. haven’t slept
21.—What did the teacher say just now?
—He __________us not to play computer games all day.
A. tells B. told C. has told
22.—Where’s the cake I made this morning?
—We _______ it, mum. Can you make another one for us?
A. ate B. eat C. were eating
23.—Have you mended your shoes，Bob?
—Yes. I_________ them twenty minutes ago.
A. have mended B.mended C.had mended
24.—When _______________ for Hong Kong, do you know?
—I’m not sure. When he __________, I’ll let you know.
A. he leaves ;leaves B. he will leave; will leave C. will he leave; leaves
25.—Where will they go next Sunday? —They ___________ to the Great Wall.
A. will go B. go C. has gone
26.—Has he returned the library book yet? —Not yet. Don’t worry. He _________it soon.
A. returns B. has returned C. will return
27. I hear that he will be back ______ two weeks’ time.
A. after B. in C. for
28.He doesn’t tell me when he__________. I’ll call you up as soon as he __________.
A. will come, arrives B. comes, arrives C. will come, will arrive
29.If it_____________ tomorrow, we_______ travel outside.
A. will rain; will B. rains; won’t C. will rain; won’t
30.—Jim, can you help me to wash the dishes? —Sorry, Dad. I____________ to the shop.
A. go B. have been C. am going
31.— _________ the latest Time magazine ________yet?
—Sorry, it’s late. Maybe tomorrow.
A. Will; arrive B. Has; arrived C. Do; arrive
32.Susan isn’t here now. She ________ to England. She will come back next month.
A. goes B. has gone C. went
33.—How long ________Korean girl _________China?
—For four years. Now she can speak Chinese.
A. has; been to B. has; been in C. was; in
34.—Would you like to see the film with me? —I’m sorry I ________ it twice.
A. saw B. had see C. have seen
35. She__________ that same song so many times. I’m getting sick of it!
A. sings B. sang C. has sung
36.—___________you __________your dictionary?
—No, so I have to buy a new one today.
A. Did; find B. Have; found C. Had; found
37. I _________to Cape Town, so I know nothing about it.
A. don’t travel B. haven’t traveled C. hadn’t traveled
38.—______you ______the film Harry Potter 7? —Not yet. I’ll see it this Sunday.
A. Did; see B.Have; seen C. Do; see
39.I won’t forget my teacher because she_________ so kind to me since I came to this school. A. has been B. is C. has
40.In the past few years there ___________ great changes in my hometown.
A. have been B. were C. are
41.—It’s raining! When did it start?
—I don’t know exactly. In fact, it __________all this afternoon.
A. lasts B. has lasted C. lasted
42.—Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening?
—No, I won't. I__________ it already.
A.saw B.have seen C.see
43.—I didn’t see you when I came here last night. Where were you?
—I ___________ my project at home.
A. designed B. have designed C. was designing
44.My mother ____________ dinner when I came back.
A. cooks B.is cooking C. was cooking
45.— I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.
—Oh.I'm sorry. I_____________ dinner at my friend’s home.
A. had B. was having C. have had
46.—What did the teacher say just now?
—Sorry. I didn’t catch it. I __________________something else.
A. think B. am thinking C. was thinking
47.—I knocked into a tree when I went to the railway station for my friend.
—I suppose you ___________too fast.
A. drove B. are driving C. were driving
48.When I went to say goodbye to Anna, she ______________ the piano.
A. is playing B. played C. was playing
49.His parents wanted to know what he __________ at that time.
A. is doing B. was doing C. has done
50.Mary___________ the piano well. She is often asked to play at the concert.
A. played B. plays C. playing
參考答案
1-5ACCAA 6-10CBCCB 11-15ABACC 16-20CBCAA 21-25BABCA
26-30CBABC 31-35BBBCC 36-40BBBAA 41-45ABCCB 46-50CCCBB