新概念英語第二冊(cè)自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀Lesson 15

字號(hào):

Lesson 15 自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀First things first
    課文詳注 Further notes on the text
    1.The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. 秘書告訴我說哈姆斯沃斯先生要見我。
    would 在這里不是表示單純的過去將來時(shí),而是表示“想……”、“要……”的意思:
    What would you like to have?
    你想要吃(喝)什么?
    John wouldn't lend me his bicycle.
    約翰不愿意把他的自行車借給我。   2.He did not look up from his desk when I entered. 我進(jìn)去的時(shí)候,他連頭也沒抬。
    在這句話的look up中,look是它的本義“看”、“瞧”。look up一般表示原先在埋頭干什么之后抬頭看:
    He looked up(from his book)when he heard a noise.
    他聽到聲音后就抬起了頭。(原先在讀書)   3.I knew that my turn had come. 我知道這次該輪到我了。
    turn在這里是名詞,意為“輪流”、“輪班”、“(依次輪流時(shí)各自的)機(jī)會(huì)”:
    I have already asked two questions. Now it's your turn.
    我已經(jīng)問了兩個(gè)問題。該輪到你了。
    When his turn came, he couldn't speak any word.
    輪到他時(shí),他卻一個(gè)字也說不出來。
    4.‘Mr. Harmsworth,’I said in a weak voice.“哈姆斯沃斯先生,”我無力地說。
    weak在這里不是指身體虛弱,而是指聲音“微弱”、“無力”,因?yàn)榕卤婚_除而感到緊張。
    5.Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!
    然后他微笑了一下告訴我說,我每年將得到1,000英鎊的額外收入。
    (1)extra 表示“額外的”、“外加的”、“份外的”:
    On Sundays, I usually get some extra sleep.
    星期天我通常要多睡一會(huì)兒。
    Last month, he was paid an extra hundred pounds.
    他上個(gè)月多得了100英鎊。
    (2)a在這里可譯為“每一”:
    I went to London once a month.
    我每月去倫敦。
    Jack telephoned Pauline four times a day.
    杰克每天給波琳打4次電話。
    語法 Grammar in use
    間接引語(Indirect speech)
    把某人所說的話告訴另外一個(gè)人時(shí),應(yīng)該使用間接引語(有的語法書稱之為“轉(zhuǎn)述引語”)。引述動(dòng)詞(如say,tell)可能是現(xiàn)在時(shí),也可能是過去時(shí) (常用)。間接陳述句的時(shí)態(tài)往往受引述動(dòng)詞的影響。引述陳述句時(shí)常用的動(dòng)詞是say和tell。它們之間的區(qū)別是tell后面必須跟表示人稱的間接賓 語(tell sb….),而say后面則可跟或不跟to +講話對(duì)象。如果需要提到聽話者,tell +間接賓語通常比say + to +sb. 更常用。在say和tell后面一般不可加逗號(hào)。如果間接引語中的引述動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí),那么其后的時(shí)態(tài)通常與原來口頭陳述句的時(shí)態(tài)相同。轉(zhuǎn)述剛剛說完的話時(shí) 通常如此;引述動(dòng)詞如果是過去時(shí),那么間接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)通常要“往回移”(即“倒移”)。一條普遍的規(guī)則是“現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去時(shí),過去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)”。 直接引語:
    ‘I can see him now!’
    “我現(xiàn)在可以見他!”
    間接引語:
    Didn't Mr.Smith see you?
    史密斯先生沒見你嗎?
    No,his secretary told me / said that he had gone home.
    沒有,他的秘書(告訴我)說他已經(jīng)回家了。   詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
    1.nervous adj.
    (1)神經(jīng)質(zhì)的,神經(jīng)緊張的:
    She is a nervous woman. Do you see that nervous smile on her face?
    她是個(gè)神經(jīng)質(zhì)的女人。你看見她臉上那種神經(jīng)質(zhì)的微笑了嗎?
    (2)緊張的,擔(dān)心的,情緒不安的:
    I feel very nervous before exams.
    我在考試前感到非常緊張。
    He had never spoken in public, so he was very nervous.
    他從未當(dāng)眾講過話,因此他非常緊張。
    (3)與nervous容易混淆的另一個(gè)詞是 irritable(易怒的,急躁的):
    Our teacher is an irritable old lady. She gets angry easily.
    我們的老師是位脾氣急躁的老太太。她很容易生氣。
    2.a(chǎn)fford vt.
    (1)買得起(常與can連用):
    We can/can't afford a car this year.
    我們今年買得起/買不起小汽車。
    (2)擔(dān)負(fù)得起(損失、后果等),花得起(時(shí)間)(常與can連用):
    I can't afford to be ill again.
    我不能再病了。
    I can only afford one week for the trip.
    我只能為這次旅行抽出一周的時(shí)間。
    (3)提供,給予:
    Joe afforded us a room for the night.
    那天晚上喬為我們提供了一個(gè)房間過夜。