Lesson 42 自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀First things first
課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1．…we stopped at a square to have a rest.……我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)廣場(chǎng)上停下來(lái)休息。
stop 后面跟不定式時(shí)，表示停下其他活動(dòng)去做不定式表示的動(dòng)作：
On the way to the station, I stopped to buy a paper.
在去車站的路上，我停下來(lái)買了張報(bào)紙。
stop后面如果跟動(dòng)名詞形式，則表示停止該動(dòng)作：
I've stopped buying newspapers
我已不再買報(bào)紙了。
How can we stop him complaining?
我們?nèi)绾尾拍茏屗槐г鼓兀?BR> 2．a(chǎn)fter a time, 過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，不久以后。
time在這里表示“（一段）時(shí)間”：
He lived abroad for a long time.
他在國(guó)外生活了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
I saw him a short time ago.
我剛才還看見(jiàn)他了。
After a time, the dog stopped following me.
過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，那條狗便不再跟著我了。
3．…we had our first glimpse of the snake. ……我們才第看到了那條蛇。
glimpse表示“一瞥”、“一看”，是可數(shù)名詞，常用于下列短語(yǔ)中：
have/ get a glimpse of, catch a glimpse of, take a glimpse at:
He took a glimpse at the‘No Parking’signs outside Jasper's gate and parked his car there.
他瞥了一眼賈斯珀家大門外邊的那些“禁止停車”的牌子，
然后把車停在了那里。（有意識(shí)的、短暫的動(dòng)作）
This afternoon I caught／got／had a glimpse of Debbie and Dan walking together in the park.
今天下午我瞥見(jiàn)黛比和丹一起在公園里散步。（無(wú)意的、短暫的動(dòng)作）
4．It obviously could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz! 顯然，它分辨不出印度音樂(lè)和爵士樂(lè)！
（1）tell表示“辨別”、“分辨”、“識(shí)別”時(shí)常與 can，could，be able to連用。表達(dá)這些意義時(shí)，tell可以單獨(dú)使用，也可以與from構(gòu)成詞組：
My son can already tell the difference between beer and wine.
My son can already tell beer from wine.
我兒子已經(jīng)能分辨出啤酒和葡萄酒了。
（2）表示兩者之間的“差別”、“差異”時(shí)常用 difference between：
What's the difference between them?
他／它們之間有何區(qū)別？
There's a lot of difference between Englishmen and Frenchmen.
英國(guó)人和法國(guó)人之間有許多差別。
在有些情況下也可以不跟 between：
It makes no difference whether you believe me or not.
你信不信我區(qū)別不大／都無(wú)所謂。
語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
have +名詞代替普通動(dòng)詞
在第18課的語(yǔ)法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了完全動(dòng)詞have的一些用法，知道它既可以表示“具有”、“擁有”，又可以表示 eat, drink, enjoy, take等含義：
I have(got) a new car.
我有輛新汽車。
Have a good time!
祝你（們）玩得開(kāi)心！
have的另一種用法是 have+名詞代替普通動(dòng)詞表示“完成該動(dòng)作”：
Did they have a pleasant walk?
他們愉快地散了步了嗎?
Yes,they walked round the park.
是的，他們繞著公園散步了。
類似的動(dòng)詞還有dance, fight, look, rest, ride, talk, sleep, swim, wash等。一般完全動(dòng)詞的用法也適用于have：
Jim and I have just had a long talk.
我和吉姆剛進(jìn)行過(guò)長(zhǎng)談。
I must have a wash before lunch.
午飯前我得洗一洗。（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have）
I had two dances with Lucy.
我和露西跳了兩次舞。（可用復(fù)數(shù)形式）
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．market n.
（1）市場(chǎng)，集市：
We had a long walk through one of the markets of Old Delhi.
我們穿過(guò)舊德里的一個(gè)市場(chǎng)時(shí)走了很長(zhǎng)一段路。
I just came from a fruit market.
我剛從一個(gè)水果市場(chǎng)來(lái)。
（2）（商品的）市場(chǎng)，銷路，需求：
The foreign markets for apples this year are not as good as last year.
今年蘋果的海外市場(chǎng)不如去年。
Can you find a market for these shoes?
你能給這些鞋找到銷路嗎？
2．動(dòng)詞pick的一些短語(yǔ)
（1）pick up有許多含義。它既可以表示“拿起”、“撿起”，也可以表示“意外地找到”、“（偶然地）學(xué)會(huì)”、“開(kāi)車去接”等：
He picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins.
他拿起了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的、上面鑲有硬幣的管樂(lè)器。
Tommy picked up two small coins and swallowed them.
湯米撿起兩枚小硬幣并把它們吞了下去。
The bicycle was picked up in a small village.
那輛自行車是在一個(gè)小村子里發(fā)現(xiàn)的。（意外地找到）
Didn't you pick up any Chinese while you were in China?
你在中國(guó)期間沒(méi)學(xué)會(huì)幾句漢語(yǔ)嗎？
Where shall I pick you up, at your office or at your house?
我去哪里接你，你辦公室還是你家？
Pick me up at 8 o'clock.
8點(diǎn)鐘開(kāi)車來(lái)接我。
（2）pick out可以表示“挑出”、“選出”、“辨認(rèn)出”等含義：
Look at these photos and see if you can pick out my mother.
仔細(xì)看這些相片，看看（你）能否認(rèn)出我母親。
The thief was picked out by several people.
幾個(gè)人認(rèn)出了那個(gè)小偷。
When I went to the bookshop yesterday, I picked out two of the books which I needed most.
昨天我去書(shū)店時(shí)，買／挑了兩本我需要的書(shū)。