Notes on the text
課文注釋
1 in the light of，依據，按照。
2 in terms of，從……方面（說來），按照。
3 grudge paying 中，grudge作“吝惜”，“不愿”解，后面要接名詞或動名詞。
這句話中的this service 指上文 to save our lives。
4 The conditions of society are such that…
such此處為代詞，作“這樣”解，that所引起的從句，可視為同位語從句。
5 be free from…，作“不受……影響”解，后面常接 pain（痛苦）， trouble（苦惱）， danger（危險）一類的詞語。
6 By having to sleep in the open，由于不得不在露天過夜，這一介詞短語作原因狀語。
7 in times of real need，確實需要的時侯。
8 put them in the same class as begars，把他們歸為乞丐一類。 the same… as…，像……一樣。
參考譯文
據說每個人都靠新概念某種東西來維持生活。根據這種說法，教師靠賣知識為生，哲學家靠賣智慧為生，牧師靠賣精神安慰為生。雖然物質產品的價值可以用金錢來衡量，但要估算別人為我們所提供的服務的價值卻是極其困難的。有時，我們?yōu)榱送炀壬敢飧冻鑫覀兯加械囊磺?。但就在外科大夫給我們提供了這種服務后，我們卻可能為所支付的昂貴費用而抱怨。社會上的情況就是如此，技術是必須付錢去買的，就像在商店里要花錢買商品一樣。人人都有東西可以新概念。
在這條普遍性的規(guī)律面前，好像只有流浪漢是個例外。乞丐新概念的幾乎是他本人，以引起過路人的憐憫。但真正的流浪漢并不是乞丐。他們既不新概念任何東西，也不需要從別人那兒得到任何東西。在追求獨立自由的同時，他們并不犧牲為人的尊嚴。流浪漢可能會向你討錢，但他從來不要你可憐他。他是故意地選擇過那種生活的，并完全清楚以這種方式生活的后果。他可能從不知道下頓飯有無著落，但他不像有人那樣被成千上萬樁愁事所折磨。他幾乎沒有什么財產，這使他能夠輕松自如地在各地奔波。由于被迫在露天睡覺，他比我們中許多人都離大自然近得多。為了生存，他可能會去打獵、乞討，偶爾偷上一兩回；確實需要的時候，他甚至可能干一點兒活，但他決不會犧牲自由。說起流浪漢，我們常常帶有輕蔑并把他們與乞丐歸為一類。但是，我們中有多少人能夠坦率地說我們對流浪漢的簡樸生活與無憂無慮的境況不感到有些羨慕呢？
Comprehension理解
Give short answers to these questions in your own words as far as possible. Use one complete sentence for each answer.
1 Which of the two is it easier to estimate in terms of money: the value of material goods or the value of services?
2 How do beggars arouse the pity of passers-by?
3 How do tramps differ from beggars?
Vocabulary 詞匯
Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as they are used in the passage: value (1. 4); estimate (1. 5); perform (1. 6); possess (1. 7); grudge (1. 8); precisely (1. 8); skills (1. 9).
Summary writing 摘要寫作
In not more than 80 words give an account of a tramp's way of life. Use your own words as far as possible. Do not include anything that is not in the last paragraph.
Composition 作文
In not more than 250 words write an answer to the above passage criticizing a tramp's way of life. Expand the ideas given below into a plan and provide a suitable title. Your Composition should be in four paragraphs.
Ideas: Tramps ---- free, but freedom paid for by others ---- selfish way of life ---- unwillingness to assume responsibility for others (home, children, work, etc. ) ---- lazy parasites on society ---- if we all had the mentality of tramps, society would not exist. Multiple choice questions 多項選擇題
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 It is very difficult to estimate the true value of the services people perform for us because ______ .
a．people's needs vary so much according to their circumstances
b．we refuse to admit that surgeons perform a very necessary service
c．we seldom should give everything we possess for such services
d．such services are paid for in the same way as material goods
2 In choosing to lead the life he leads, the tramp has decided ______ .
a．he will never need to ask people for anything
b．to sleep in the open in order to be closer to the world of nature
c．he would rather lead the life of a criminal than do any work
d．his freedom more than compensates for the inconveniences of such a life
3 In moments of truth we feel envious of a tramp's way of life because ______ .
a．we feel that our way of life is undignified compared to a tramp's
b．his life is not burdened with the anxieties we are often troubled by
c．of the freedom he has from the struggle to keep alive
d．we realize that it is better than having to beg for a livelihood
Structure 結構
4 Yet we might grudge ______ a surgeon for offering … (1. 8)
a．a high fee we had paid
b．the high fee we would pay
c．the high fee paying
d．to pay a high fee
5 They ______ require anything from others. (11. 12-13)
a．do not have to sell anything or
b．have nothing to sell nor do they
c．have to sell nothing nor they
d．have not sold anything and do not
6 With so few material possessions, he ______ to move from … (11. 16-17)
a．may be able
b．is able
c．can
d．is possible
7 We often speak contemptuously ______ tramps and … (11. 19-20)
a．for
b．on
c．to
d．of
8 But ______ of us can honestly say … (1. 20)
a．who
b．which ones
c．how many
d．what one
Vocabulary 詞匯
9 A surgeon is a man who ______ . (1. 8)
a．saves people's lives
b．gives people financial advice
c．performs operations
d．insures people's lives against sickness or death
10 ---- make it possible for him to move ______ with ease. (11. 16-17)
a．here and there
b．one way or another
c．from square to square
d．in every sense
11 He may hunt, beg or steal occasionally to ______ … (1. 18)
a．make a living
b．survive
c．be living
d．be alive
12 We often ______ tramps and put them down as beggars. (11. 20-21)
a．convict
b．blame
c．look down on
d．condemn
1 in the light of，依據，按照。
2 in terms of，從……方面（說來），按照。
3 grudge paying 中，grudge作“吝惜”，“不愿”解，后面要接名詞或動名詞。
這句話中的this service 指上文 to save our lives。
4 The conditions of society are such that…
such此處為代詞，作“這樣”解，that所引起的從句，可視為同位語從句。
5 be free from…，作“不受……影響”解，后面常接 pain（痛苦）， trouble（苦惱）， danger（危險）一類的詞語。
6 By having to sleep in the open，由于不得不在露天過夜，這一介詞短語作原因狀語。
7 in times of real need，確實需要的時侯。
8 put them in the same class as begars，把他們歸為乞丐一類。 the same… as…，像……一樣。
參考譯文
據說每個人都靠新概念某種東西來維持生活。根據這種說法，教師靠賣知識為生，哲學家靠賣智慧為生，牧師靠賣精神安慰為生。雖然物質產品的價值可以用金錢來衡量，但要估算別人為我們所提供的服務的價值卻是極其困難的。有時，我們?yōu)榱送炀壬敢飧冻鑫覀兯加械囊磺?。但就在外科大夫給我們提供了這種服務后，我們卻可能為所支付的昂貴費用而抱怨。社會上的情況就是如此，技術是必須付錢去買的，就像在商店里要花錢買商品一樣。人人都有東西可以新概念。
在這條普遍性的規(guī)律面前，好像只有流浪漢是個例外。乞丐新概念的幾乎是他本人，以引起過路人的憐憫。但真正的流浪漢并不是乞丐。他們既不新概念任何東西，也不需要從別人那兒得到任何東西。在追求獨立自由的同時，他們并不犧牲為人的尊嚴。流浪漢可能會向你討錢，但他從來不要你可憐他。他是故意地選擇過那種生活的，并完全清楚以這種方式生活的后果。他可能從不知道下頓飯有無著落，但他不像有人那樣被成千上萬樁愁事所折磨。他幾乎沒有什么財產，這使他能夠輕松自如地在各地奔波。由于被迫在露天睡覺，他比我們中許多人都離大自然近得多。為了生存，他可能會去打獵、乞討，偶爾偷上一兩回；確實需要的時候，他甚至可能干一點兒活，但他決不會犧牲自由。說起流浪漢，我們常常帶有輕蔑并把他們與乞丐歸為一類。但是，我們中有多少人能夠坦率地說我們對流浪漢的簡樸生活與無憂無慮的境況不感到有些羨慕呢？
Comprehension理解
Give short answers to these questions in your own words as far as possible. Use one complete sentence for each answer.
1 Which of the two is it easier to estimate in terms of money: the value of material goods or the value of services?
2 How do beggars arouse the pity of passers-by?
3 How do tramps differ from beggars?
Vocabulary 詞匯
Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as they are used in the passage: value (1. 4); estimate (1. 5); perform (1. 6); possess (1. 7); grudge (1. 8); precisely (1. 8); skills (1. 9).
Summary writing 摘要寫作
In not more than 80 words give an account of a tramp's way of life. Use your own words as far as possible. Do not include anything that is not in the last paragraph.
Composition 作文
In not more than 250 words write an answer to the above passage criticizing a tramp's way of life. Expand the ideas given below into a plan and provide a suitable title. Your Composition should be in four paragraphs.
Ideas: Tramps ---- free, but freedom paid for by others ---- selfish way of life ---- unwillingness to assume responsibility for others (home, children, work, etc. ) ---- lazy parasites on society ---- if we all had the mentality of tramps, society would not exist. Multiple choice questions 多項選擇題
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 It is very difficult to estimate the true value of the services people perform for us because ______ .
a．people's needs vary so much according to their circumstances
b．we refuse to admit that surgeons perform a very necessary service
c．we seldom should give everything we possess for such services
d．such services are paid for in the same way as material goods
2 In choosing to lead the life he leads, the tramp has decided ______ .
a．he will never need to ask people for anything
b．to sleep in the open in order to be closer to the world of nature
c．he would rather lead the life of a criminal than do any work
d．his freedom more than compensates for the inconveniences of such a life
3 In moments of truth we feel envious of a tramp's way of life because ______ .
a．we feel that our way of life is undignified compared to a tramp's
b．his life is not burdened with the anxieties we are often troubled by
c．of the freedom he has from the struggle to keep alive
d．we realize that it is better than having to beg for a livelihood
Structure 結構
4 Yet we might grudge ______ a surgeon for offering … (1. 8)
a．a high fee we had paid
b．the high fee we would pay
c．the high fee paying
d．to pay a high fee
5 They ______ require anything from others. (11. 12-13)
a．do not have to sell anything or
b．have nothing to sell nor do they
c．have to sell nothing nor they
d．have not sold anything and do not
6 With so few material possessions, he ______ to move from … (11. 16-17)
a．may be able
b．is able
c．can
d．is possible
7 We often speak contemptuously ______ tramps and … (11. 19-20)
a．for
b．on
c．to
d．of
8 But ______ of us can honestly say … (1. 20)
a．who
b．which ones
c．how many
d．what one
Vocabulary 詞匯
9 A surgeon is a man who ______ . (1. 8)
a．saves people's lives
b．gives people financial advice
c．performs operations
d．insures people's lives against sickness or death
10 ---- make it possible for him to move ______ with ease. (11. 16-17)
a．here and there
b．one way or another
c．from square to square
d．in every sense
11 He may hunt, beg or steal occasionally to ______ … (1. 18)
a．make a living
b．survive
c．be living
d．be alive
12 We often ______ tramps and put them down as beggars. (11. 20-21)
a．convict
b．blame
c．look down on
d．condemn