考點(diǎn)聚焦
一、什么是賓語(yǔ)從句
在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的從句叫作賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句可作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，也可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。
二、賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞
1、 that 無(wú)實(shí)意，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)陳述句的賓語(yǔ)從句，口語(yǔ)中常省略。例如：
She told me that she had been to Hong Kong twice.
她告訴我她去過(guò)香港兩次。
I know(that)the visitors are from Australia.我知道這些游客來(lái)自澳大利亞。
2、if或whether這兩個(gè)詞是“是否”的意思，主要用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句或選擇問(wèn)句的賓語(yǔ)從句，口語(yǔ)中多用if，不能省略。例如：
He asked me if / whether I had been to Beijing twice.
他問(wèn)我是否去過(guò)北京兩次。
She wanted to know whether I would go there or not.
她想知道我是否想去那里。
3、疑問(wèn)詞when ，where，who，how等，這類(lèi)詞通常引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：
Can you tell me how I can find Mr Wang?
你能告訴我怎樣才能找到王先生嗎?
Please find out who broke the window.請(qǐng)查一下是誰(shuí)打爛窗戶(hù)的。
三、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序
凡是從句都必須使用“主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后”的陳述語(yǔ)序，賓語(yǔ)從句也不例外，也就是說(shuō)賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是“引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它”。例如：
誤：Could you tell me where is the bus station?
正：Could you tell me where the bus station is?
四、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致
1、 當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句可以根據(jù)需要選擇相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，不受主句的影響;主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
I want to know what time he ate his breakfast.
我想知道他今天早晨幾點(diǎn)鐘吃早飯的。
They will tell us that they have been able to look after themselves.
他們將會(huì)告訴我們他們已經(jīng)能照顧自己了。
I asked what my father was doing then.
我問(wèn)那時(shí)我爸爸在干什么?
2、 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象是，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)的影響，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
He said the moon moves round the earth.
他說(shuō)月亮圍著地球轉(zhuǎn)。
She asked whether light travels faster than sound.
她問(wèn)光速是否比聲速快。
五、賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化
由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)相同時(shí)常?？梢詫①e語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化成“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”這種結(jié)構(gòu)。有時(shí)候由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句也可以用動(dòng)詞不定式或者動(dòng)詞的ing形式來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the post office?
= Can you tell me how to get to the post office?
She don’t know whether she should go there with them or not.
= She don’t know whether to go there with them or not.
He can remember that he has climbed the tall tree.
= He can remember climbing the tall tree.
六、賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移及其它
1、當(dāng)I think/believe/guess等一些看法的詞后面所接的賓語(yǔ)從句是否定句時(shí)，習(xí)慣上否定主句，采用“I don’t think/believe/guess+肯定形式的賓語(yǔ)從句”這種結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。如：
我認(rèn)為明天她不會(huì)來(lái)。
誤：I think that she won’t come tomorrow.
正：I don’t think that she will come tomorrow.
2、 對(duì)I think/believe/guess等動(dòng)詞后面所接的賓語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)時(shí)，要用“疑問(wèn)詞+do you think /believe/guess+賓語(yǔ)從句的剩余成分?”這種結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。如：
你認(rèn)為誰(shuí)將在會(huì)上發(fā)言?
誤：Do you think who will speak at the meeting?
正：Who do you think will speak at the meeting?
一、什么是賓語(yǔ)從句
在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的從句叫作賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句可作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，也可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。
二、賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞
1、 that 無(wú)實(shí)意，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)陳述句的賓語(yǔ)從句，口語(yǔ)中常省略。例如：
She told me that she had been to Hong Kong twice.
她告訴我她去過(guò)香港兩次。
I know(that)the visitors are from Australia.我知道這些游客來(lái)自澳大利亞。
2、if或whether這兩個(gè)詞是“是否”的意思，主要用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句或選擇問(wèn)句的賓語(yǔ)從句，口語(yǔ)中多用if，不能省略。例如：
He asked me if / whether I had been to Beijing twice.
他問(wèn)我是否去過(guò)北京兩次。
She wanted to know whether I would go there or not.
她想知道我是否想去那里。
3、疑問(wèn)詞when ，where，who，how等，這類(lèi)詞通常引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：
Can you tell me how I can find Mr Wang?
你能告訴我怎樣才能找到王先生嗎?
Please find out who broke the window.請(qǐng)查一下是誰(shuí)打爛窗戶(hù)的。
三、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序
凡是從句都必須使用“主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后”的陳述語(yǔ)序，賓語(yǔ)從句也不例外，也就是說(shuō)賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是“引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它”。例如：
誤：Could you tell me where is the bus station?
正：Could you tell me where the bus station is?
四、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致
1、 當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句可以根據(jù)需要選擇相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，不受主句的影響;主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
I want to know what time he ate his breakfast.
我想知道他今天早晨幾點(diǎn)鐘吃早飯的。
They will tell us that they have been able to look after themselves.
他們將會(huì)告訴我們他們已經(jīng)能照顧自己了。
I asked what my father was doing then.
我問(wèn)那時(shí)我爸爸在干什么?
2、 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象是，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)的影響，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
He said the moon moves round the earth.
他說(shuō)月亮圍著地球轉(zhuǎn)。
She asked whether light travels faster than sound.
她問(wèn)光速是否比聲速快。
五、賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化
由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)相同時(shí)常?？梢詫①e語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化成“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”這種結(jié)構(gòu)。有時(shí)候由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句也可以用動(dòng)詞不定式或者動(dòng)詞的ing形式來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the post office?
= Can you tell me how to get to the post office?
She don’t know whether she should go there with them or not.
= She don’t know whether to go there with them or not.
He can remember that he has climbed the tall tree.
= He can remember climbing the tall tree.
六、賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移及其它
1、當(dāng)I think/believe/guess等一些看法的詞后面所接的賓語(yǔ)從句是否定句時(shí)，習(xí)慣上否定主句，采用“I don’t think/believe/guess+肯定形式的賓語(yǔ)從句”這種結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。如：
我認(rèn)為明天她不會(huì)來(lái)。
誤：I think that she won’t come tomorrow.
正：I don’t think that she will come tomorrow.
2、 對(duì)I think/believe/guess等動(dòng)詞后面所接的賓語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)時(shí)，要用“疑問(wèn)詞+do you think /believe/guess+賓語(yǔ)從句的剩余成分?”這種結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。如：
你認(rèn)為誰(shuí)將在會(huì)上發(fā)言?
誤：Do you think who will speak at the meeting?
正：Who do you think will speak at the meeting?