【課文】
Predicting the future is notoriously difficult. Who could have imagined, in the mid 1970s, for example, that by the end of the 20th century, computers would be as common in people's homes as TV sets? In the 1970s, computers were common enough, but only in big business, government departments, and large organizations. These were the so-called mainframe machines. Mainframe computers were very large indeed, often occupying whole air-conditioned rooms, employing full-time technicians and run on specially-written software. Though these large machines still exist, many of their functions have been taken over by small powerful personal computers, commonly known as PCs.
In 1975, a primitive machine called the Altair, was launched in the USA. It can properly be described as the first 'home computer' and it pointed the way to the future. This was followed, at the end of the 1970s, by a machine called an Apple. In the early 1980s, the computer giant, IBM produced the world's first Personal Computer. This ran on an 'operating system' called DOS, produced by a then small company named Microsoft. The IBM Personal Computer was widely copied. From those humble beginnings, we have seen the development of the user-friendly home computers and multimedia machines which are in common use today.
Considering how recent these developments are, it is even more remarkable that as long ago as the 1960s, an Englishman, Leon Bagrit, was able to predict some of the uses of computers which we know today. Bagrit dismissed the idea that computers would learn to 'think' for themselves and would 'rule the world', which people liked to believe in those days. Bagrit foresaw a time when computers would be small enough to hold in the hand, when they would be capable of providing information about traffic jams and suggesting alternative routes, when they would be used in hospitals to help doctors to diagnose illnesses, when they would relieve office workers and accountants of dull, repetitive clerical work. All these computer uses have become commonplace. Of course, Leon Bagrit could not possibly have foreseen the development of the Internet, the worldwide system that enables us to communicate instantly with anyone in any part of the world by using computers linked to telephone networks. Nor could he have foreseen how we could use the Internet to obtain information on every known subject, so we can read it on a screen in our homes and even print it as well if we want to. Computers have become smaller and smaller, more and more powerful and cheaper and cheaper. This is what makes Leon Bagrit's predictions particularly remarkable. If he, or someone like him, were alive today, he might be able to tell us what to expect in the next fifty years.
【課文翻譯】
眾所周知，預(yù)測未來是非常困難的。舉個(gè)例子吧，在20世紀(jì)70年代中葉又有誰能想得到在20世紀(jì)末的時(shí)候，家庭用的計(jì)算機(jī)會(huì)像電視機(jī)一樣普遍?在70年代，計(jì)算機(jī)已經(jīng)相當(dāng)普及了，但只用在大公司，政府部門和大的組織之中，它們被稱為主機(jī)。計(jì)算機(jī)主機(jī)確實(shí)很大，常常占據(jù)了裝有空調(diào)的多間房間，雇用專職的技師，而且得用專門編寫的軟件才能運(yùn)行。雖然這種大計(jì)算機(jī)仍然存在，但它們的許多功能已被體積小但功能齊全的個(gè)人電腦——即我們常說的 PC機(jī)——所代替了。
1975年，美國推出了一臺(tái)被稱為“牛郎星”的原始機(jī)型。嚴(yán)格地說起來，它可以被稱為第一臺(tái)“家用電腦”，而且它也指了今后的方向。70年代末，在牛郎星之后又出現(xiàn)了一種被稱為“蘋果”的機(jī)型。80年代初，計(jì)算機(jī)行業(yè)的王牌公司美國國際商用機(jī)器公司(IBM)生產(chǎn)出了世界上第一臺(tái)個(gè)人電腦。這種電腦采用了一種被稱為磁盤操作系統(tǒng)(DOS)的工作程序，而這種程序是由當(dāng)時(shí)規(guī)模不大的微軟公司生產(chǎn)的。IBM的個(gè)人電腦被大規(guī)模地模仿。從那些簡陋的初級(jí)階段，我們看到了現(xiàn)在都已普及的、使用簡便的家用電腦和多媒體的微機(jī)的發(fā)展。
想一想這些發(fā)展的時(shí)間多么短，就更覺得英國人萊昂.巴格瑞特有著非凡的能力。他在60年代就能預(yù)言我們今天知道的計(jì)算機(jī)的一些用途。巴格瑞特根本不接受計(jì)算機(jī)可以學(xué)會(huì)自己去“思考”和計(jì)算可以“統(tǒng)治世界”這種想法，而這種想法是當(dāng)時(shí)的人們都愿意相信的。巴格瑞特預(yù)示有一天計(jì)算機(jī)可以小到拿在手上，計(jì)算機(jī)可以使辦公室人員和會(huì)計(jì)免除那些枯燥、重復(fù)的勞動(dòng)。計(jì)算機(jī)的所有這些功能現(xiàn)在都變得很平常。當(dāng)然了，萊昂.巴格瑞特根本沒有可能預(yù)測到國際交互網(wǎng)——就是把計(jì)算機(jī)連結(jié)到電話線路上，以便和世界上任何一個(gè)地方的人立即進(jìn)行聯(lián)系的一個(gè)世界范圍的通訊系統(tǒng)——的發(fā)展。他也無法預(yù)測到我們可以利用國際交互網(wǎng)獲取有關(guān)任何已知專題的信息，以便在家里的屏幕上閱讀，如果愿意的話甚至可以將其打印出來。計(jì)算機(jī)已經(jīng)變得體積越來越小，功能越來越多，價(jià)格越來越低，這就是萊昂.巴格瑞特的預(yù)測非凡的地方。如果他或是像他的什么人今天還活著的話，他大概可以告訴我們下一個(gè)50年后會(huì)發(fā)生什么事情。
【詞匯】
notoriously adv. (尤指因壞事)眾所周知地
full-time adj. 專職的
technician n. 技師
software n. 軟件
user-friendly adj. 容易操作的，好用的
mainframe n. 主機(jī)，中央處理機(jī)
multimedia adj. 多媒體的
alternative adj. 選擇的
diagnose v. 診斷
relieve v. 減輕
accountant n. 會(huì)計(jì)
repetitive adj. 重復(fù)的
clerical adj. 辦公室工作的
Internet n. 國際交互網(wǎng)
network n. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)
【重點(diǎn)詞匯講解】
【notoriously】
例句：
1. But the database is notoriously flawed.
但是該數(shù)據(jù)庫故障重重。
2. Notoriously, the theory of quantum mechanics reveals a fundamental weirdness in the way the world works.
眾所周知，量子力學(xué)的理論，透露了世界運(yùn)行之道的根本古怪之處。
【alternative】
例句：
1.Some areas are buying buses that use natural gas or other alternative alternative fuels.
一些地區(qū)買了使用天然氣或者其它一些可選擇性的能源于。
2. I'd like to suggest an alternative plan.
我想提出另一項(xiàng)供選擇的計(jì)劃。
【relieve】
英英：free someone temporarily from his or her obligations
例句：
1. This medicine will relieve your pain.
這藥可以緩解疼痛。
2. He will relieve a sick teacher tomorrow.
他明天要為一個(gè)生病的老師代課。
3. Well, in my opinion, nuclear energy is our best hope to relieve the energy crisis.
依我看，核能是我們緩解能源危機(jī)的大希望。
【repetitive】
例句：
1. Medicine is yet another field where skills develop as a result of repetitive training.
醫(yī)學(xué)是另外一個(gè)領(lǐng)域，在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域，重復(fù)訓(xùn)練才能形成技術(shù)。
2. As an editor, I have to proofread numerous articles. This is a fairly repetitive job, so it's easy to overlook mistakes.
作為一個(gè)編輯，我經(jīng)常有大量稿件要校對(duì)，這是一項(xiàng)重復(fù)而單調(diào)的工作，極容易忽略某些錯(cuò)誤。
Predicting the future is notoriously difficult. Who could have imagined, in the mid 1970s, for example, that by the end of the 20th century, computers would be as common in people's homes as TV sets? In the 1970s, computers were common enough, but only in big business, government departments, and large organizations. These were the so-called mainframe machines. Mainframe computers were very large indeed, often occupying whole air-conditioned rooms, employing full-time technicians and run on specially-written software. Though these large machines still exist, many of their functions have been taken over by small powerful personal computers, commonly known as PCs.
In 1975, a primitive machine called the Altair, was launched in the USA. It can properly be described as the first 'home computer' and it pointed the way to the future. This was followed, at the end of the 1970s, by a machine called an Apple. In the early 1980s, the computer giant, IBM produced the world's first Personal Computer. This ran on an 'operating system' called DOS, produced by a then small company named Microsoft. The IBM Personal Computer was widely copied. From those humble beginnings, we have seen the development of the user-friendly home computers and multimedia machines which are in common use today.
Considering how recent these developments are, it is even more remarkable that as long ago as the 1960s, an Englishman, Leon Bagrit, was able to predict some of the uses of computers which we know today. Bagrit dismissed the idea that computers would learn to 'think' for themselves and would 'rule the world', which people liked to believe in those days. Bagrit foresaw a time when computers would be small enough to hold in the hand, when they would be capable of providing information about traffic jams and suggesting alternative routes, when they would be used in hospitals to help doctors to diagnose illnesses, when they would relieve office workers and accountants of dull, repetitive clerical work. All these computer uses have become commonplace. Of course, Leon Bagrit could not possibly have foreseen the development of the Internet, the worldwide system that enables us to communicate instantly with anyone in any part of the world by using computers linked to telephone networks. Nor could he have foreseen how we could use the Internet to obtain information on every known subject, so we can read it on a screen in our homes and even print it as well if we want to. Computers have become smaller and smaller, more and more powerful and cheaper and cheaper. This is what makes Leon Bagrit's predictions particularly remarkable. If he, or someone like him, were alive today, he might be able to tell us what to expect in the next fifty years.
【課文翻譯】
眾所周知，預(yù)測未來是非常困難的。舉個(gè)例子吧，在20世紀(jì)70年代中葉又有誰能想得到在20世紀(jì)末的時(shí)候，家庭用的計(jì)算機(jī)會(huì)像電視機(jī)一樣普遍?在70年代，計(jì)算機(jī)已經(jīng)相當(dāng)普及了，但只用在大公司，政府部門和大的組織之中，它們被稱為主機(jī)。計(jì)算機(jī)主機(jī)確實(shí)很大，常常占據(jù)了裝有空調(diào)的多間房間，雇用專職的技師，而且得用專門編寫的軟件才能運(yùn)行。雖然這種大計(jì)算機(jī)仍然存在，但它們的許多功能已被體積小但功能齊全的個(gè)人電腦——即我們常說的 PC機(jī)——所代替了。
1975年，美國推出了一臺(tái)被稱為“牛郎星”的原始機(jī)型。嚴(yán)格地說起來，它可以被稱為第一臺(tái)“家用電腦”，而且它也指了今后的方向。70年代末，在牛郎星之后又出現(xiàn)了一種被稱為“蘋果”的機(jī)型。80年代初，計(jì)算機(jī)行業(yè)的王牌公司美國國際商用機(jī)器公司(IBM)生產(chǎn)出了世界上第一臺(tái)個(gè)人電腦。這種電腦采用了一種被稱為磁盤操作系統(tǒng)(DOS)的工作程序，而這種程序是由當(dāng)時(shí)規(guī)模不大的微軟公司生產(chǎn)的。IBM的個(gè)人電腦被大規(guī)模地模仿。從那些簡陋的初級(jí)階段，我們看到了現(xiàn)在都已普及的、使用簡便的家用電腦和多媒體的微機(jī)的發(fā)展。
想一想這些發(fā)展的時(shí)間多么短，就更覺得英國人萊昂.巴格瑞特有著非凡的能力。他在60年代就能預(yù)言我們今天知道的計(jì)算機(jī)的一些用途。巴格瑞特根本不接受計(jì)算機(jī)可以學(xué)會(huì)自己去“思考”和計(jì)算可以“統(tǒng)治世界”這種想法，而這種想法是當(dāng)時(shí)的人們都愿意相信的。巴格瑞特預(yù)示有一天計(jì)算機(jī)可以小到拿在手上，計(jì)算機(jī)可以使辦公室人員和會(huì)計(jì)免除那些枯燥、重復(fù)的勞動(dòng)。計(jì)算機(jī)的所有這些功能現(xiàn)在都變得很平常。當(dāng)然了，萊昂.巴格瑞特根本沒有可能預(yù)測到國際交互網(wǎng)——就是把計(jì)算機(jī)連結(jié)到電話線路上，以便和世界上任何一個(gè)地方的人立即進(jìn)行聯(lián)系的一個(gè)世界范圍的通訊系統(tǒng)——的發(fā)展。他也無法預(yù)測到我們可以利用國際交互網(wǎng)獲取有關(guān)任何已知專題的信息，以便在家里的屏幕上閱讀，如果愿意的話甚至可以將其打印出來。計(jì)算機(jī)已經(jīng)變得體積越來越小，功能越來越多，價(jià)格越來越低，這就是萊昂.巴格瑞特的預(yù)測非凡的地方。如果他或是像他的什么人今天還活著的話，他大概可以告訴我們下一個(gè)50年后會(huì)發(fā)生什么事情。
【詞匯】
notoriously adv. (尤指因壞事)眾所周知地
full-time adj. 專職的
technician n. 技師
software n. 軟件
user-friendly adj. 容易操作的，好用的
mainframe n. 主機(jī)，中央處理機(jī)
multimedia adj. 多媒體的
alternative adj. 選擇的
diagnose v. 診斷
relieve v. 減輕
accountant n. 會(huì)計(jì)
repetitive adj. 重復(fù)的
clerical adj. 辦公室工作的
Internet n. 國際交互網(wǎng)
network n. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)
【重點(diǎn)詞匯講解】
【notoriously】
例句：
1. But the database is notoriously flawed.
但是該數(shù)據(jù)庫故障重重。
2. Notoriously, the theory of quantum mechanics reveals a fundamental weirdness in the way the world works.
眾所周知，量子力學(xué)的理論，透露了世界運(yùn)行之道的根本古怪之處。
【alternative】
例句：
1.Some areas are buying buses that use natural gas or other alternative alternative fuels.
一些地區(qū)買了使用天然氣或者其它一些可選擇性的能源于。
2. I'd like to suggest an alternative plan.
我想提出另一項(xiàng)供選擇的計(jì)劃。
【relieve】
英英：free someone temporarily from his or her obligations
例句：
1. This medicine will relieve your pain.
這藥可以緩解疼痛。
2. He will relieve a sick teacher tomorrow.
他明天要為一個(gè)生病的老師代課。
3. Well, in my opinion, nuclear energy is our best hope to relieve the energy crisis.
依我看，核能是我們緩解能源危機(jī)的大希望。
【repetitive】
例句：
1. Medicine is yet another field where skills develop as a result of repetitive training.
醫(yī)學(xué)是另外一個(gè)領(lǐng)域，在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域，重復(fù)訓(xùn)練才能形成技術(shù)。
2. As an editor, I have to proofread numerous articles. This is a fairly repetitive job, so it's easy to overlook mistakes.
作為一個(gè)編輯，我經(jīng)常有大量稿件要校對(duì)，這是一項(xiàng)重復(fù)而單調(diào)的工作，極容易忽略某些錯(cuò)誤。