Lesson14 A noble gangster 貴族歹徒
新概念3課文內(nèi)容：
There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection'. If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protection money' is not a modern crime. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
600 years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. When he died at the age of 80, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue'.
新概念英語(yǔ)3逐句精講：
1.There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection'.
曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)時(shí)期,芝加哥的店主和商行的老板們不得不拿出大筆的錢(qián)給歹徒以換取"保護(hù)"。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn):句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾time,表示是在什么時(shí)候發(fā)生的事情。從句中的in return for protection充當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明“付錢(qián)”的目的是為了得到“保護(hù)”。
2.If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop.
如果交款不及時(shí),歹徒們就會(huì)很快搗毀他的商店,讓他破產(chǎn)。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1:句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，引出一個(gè)條件，即如果交錢(qián)不及時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致主句所說(shuō)的結(jié)果-破產(chǎn)；主句中的by destroying his shop作方式狀語(yǔ)，交代“破產(chǎn)”的方式。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2:寫(xiě)作短語(yǔ)總結(jié):破產(chǎn)
put sb. out of business
lose one's business
go bankruptcy
fail to run business
one's business fails
one's business collapses
one's business lands on rocks
one's business goes to the dogs
3.Obtaining 'protection money' is not a modern crime.
榨取"保護(hù)金"并不是一種現(xiàn)代的罪惡行徑。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn):protection money的意思是“保護(hù)金”。
4. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
早在14世紀(jì),英國(guó)人約翰.霍克伍德就有過(guò)非凡的發(fā)現(xiàn):"人們情愿拿出大筆的錢(qián),也不愿畢生的心血?dú)в诖跬街帧? 語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1:句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:as long ago as the forteenth century作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)是發(fā)生在很久以前的事情。Sir John Hawkwood是an Englishman的同位語(yǔ)，起解釋說(shuō)明的作用。That引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明discovery的具體作用。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2:as long ago as的意思是“追溯到”，相當(dāng)于date from,date back to,trace back to。
5. 600 years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence.
600年前,約翰.霍克伍德爵士帶著一隊(duì)士兵來(lái)到意大利,在佛羅倫薩附近駐扎下來(lái)。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn):句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:six hundred years ago為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。With a band of soldiers作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，交代“帶著什么到達(dá)意大利”。
6. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.
很快就出了名。意大利人叫他喬凡尼.阿庫(kù)托。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn):句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:and連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，讓句子變得更加緊湊，容易理解。
7. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded.
每次意大利各城邦之間打伏,霍克伍德把他的士兵雇傭給愿給他出高價(jià)的君主。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1:whenever意為“無(wú)論什么時(shí)候”，相當(dāng)于no matter when。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2:be willing to do的意思是“愿意做”。
8. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them.
和平時(shí)期,當(dāng)生意蕭條時(shí),霍克伍德便帶領(lǐng)士兵進(jìn)入某個(gè)城邦,縱火燒毀一兩個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng),然后提出,如向他們繳納保護(hù)金,他們便主動(dòng)撤離。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1:句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:in times of peace為前置時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，含蓄地說(shuō)明是什么時(shí)間發(fā)生的事情。When引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。And連接would march和would offer兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作。在句子的后一部分中，if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，交代“撤離”的先決條件。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2:in times of…的意思是“在…時(shí)期”。
9. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way.
霍克伍德用這種方法掙了大筆錢(qián)。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn):句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:in this way為方式狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明“掙錢(qián)”的方式。
10. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.
盡管如此,意大利人還是把他視作某種英雄。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1:句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:in spite of this為讓步狀語(yǔ)。As a sort of hero作him的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2:regard…as…的意思是“把…當(dāng)作”
11. When he died at the age of 80, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue'.
他80歲那年死去時(shí),佛羅倫薩人為他舉行了國(guó)葬,并為他畫(huà)像以紀(jì)念這位"驍勇無(wú)比的戰(zhàn)士、杰出的領(lǐng)袖喬凡尼.阿庫(kù)托先生."
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1:句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:when以電腦時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明在什么時(shí)候被紀(jì)念。主句中的which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明是什么性質(zhì)的一幅畫(huà)。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2:短語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充學(xué)習(xí):
state dinner/banquet 國(guó)宴
state visit 國(guó)事訪(fǎng)問(wèn)
state affairs 國(guó)事
The State Council 國(guó)務(wù)院
The Secretary of State 國(guó)務(wù)卿