【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
How does the writer describe sport at the international level?
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.
Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.
GEORGE ORWELL The sporting spirit
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語】
goodwill n. 友好
cricket n. 板球
inclination n. 意愿
contest n. 比賽
orgy n. 無節(jié)制的，放蕩
deduce v. 推斷
competitive adj. 競爭性的
patriotism n. 地方觀念，愛國主義
disgrace v. 使丟臉
savage adj. 野性的
combative adj. 好斗的
mimic warfare 模擬戰(zhàn)爭
behaviour n. 行動(dòng)，舉止
absurd adj. 荒唐的
【課文注釋】
1.create goodwill創(chuàng)造友誼
Goodwill is a friendly or helpful attitude towards other people, countries, or organizations.好意、善意、友善。
show goodwill to/towards sb 對(duì)某人表示善意。
例句：Given goodwill on both sides, I'm sure we can reach agreement.
若雙方均有誠意，我確信我們能達(dá)成一致意見。
2.if only the common peoples of the world...，這里if only引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)非真實(shí)條件句，if only作“要是……就好了”講。
例句：If only one had an unlimited supply of money!
要是財(cái)源不斷就好了!
3.have no inclination to do，無意做……，不想做。
A.inclination是incline的名詞形式，incline to do sth表示有做某事的意愿、傾向。
例句：I'm inclined to believe him innocent.
我傾向于相信他的無辜。
B.have inclination to do sth
①愿意做、傾向做。
例句：I have little inclination to listen to you all evening.
我可不愿意一晚上都聽你說話.
②經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事、趨勢。
例句：The car has an inclination to stall on cold mornings.
這輛汽車天冷時(shí)早晨常常熄火。
4.deduce...from...，從……推斷出……。
例句：From the presence of so many people at the party, we can deduce that it is a welcomed one.
從參加聚會(huì)的人數(shù)之多我們可以看出，這次聚會(huì)是受人歡迎的。
其形容詞形式為deducible，表示課推知的。
例句：There is no deducible connection between these two cases.
這兩個(gè)案件之間沒有任何可推論的關(guān)系。
5.you play to win.句中的you是泛指人，可譯作“人們”。
6.pick up
①become better; improve 好轉(zhuǎn)、改善。
例句：The market always picks up in the spring.
一到春天市場就活躍了。
②start again; continue 重新開始、繼續(xù)。
例句：We'll pick up where we finished yesterday.
我們從昨天停止的地方繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。
③give sb a lift in a car用汽車搭載某人或接某人
例句：I'll pick you up at 7 o'clock.
7點(diǎn)鐘我開車來接你.
7.arise & arouse辨析
①arise：If a situation or problem arises, it begins to exist or people start to become aware of it.呈現(xiàn)、出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生(形勢/問題等)，常用主動(dòng)態(tài)。
例句：A new difficulty has arisen.
出現(xiàn)了新困難。
②arouse：If something arouses a particular reaction or attitude in people, it causes them to have that reaction or attitude.引起(某事物)、激發(fā)。
例句：Her strange behaviour aroused our suspicions.
她不尋常的舉動(dòng)引起我們的猜疑。
8.and, behind the spectators, of the nations，在of the nations前面省略了the attitude。
【參考譯文】
當(dāng)我聽人們說體育運(yùn)動(dòng)可創(chuàng)造國家之間的友誼，還說各國民眾若在足球場或板球場上交鋒，就不愿在戰(zhàn)場上殘殺的時(shí)候，我總是驚愕不已。一個(gè)人即使不能從具體的事例(例如1936年的奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì))了解到國際運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽會(huì)導(dǎo)致瘋狂的仇恨，也可以從常理中推斷出結(jié)論。
現(xiàn)在開展的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)幾乎都是競爭性的。參加比賽就是為了取勝。如果不拚命去贏，比賽就沒有什么意義了。 在鄉(xiāng)間的草坪上，當(dāng)你隨意組成兩個(gè)隊(duì)，并且不涉及任何地方情緒時(shí)，那才可能是單純的為了娛樂和鍛煉而進(jìn)行比賽。可是一量涉及到榮譽(yù)問題，一旦你想到你和某一團(tuán)體會(huì)因?yàn)槟爿敹鴣G臉時(shí)，那么野蠻的爭斗天性便會(huì)激發(fā)起來。即使是僅僅參加過學(xué)校足球賽的人也有種體會(huì)。在國際比賽中，體育簡直是一場模擬戰(zhàn)爭。但是，要緊的還不是運(yùn)動(dòng)員的行為，而是觀眾的態(tài)度，以及觀眾身后各個(gè)國家的態(tài)度。面對(duì)著這些荒唐的比賽，參賽的各個(gè)國家會(huì)如癡如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信 -- 至少在短期內(nèi)如此 -- 跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是對(duì)一個(gè)民族品德素質(zhì)的檢驗(yàn)。
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
How does the writer describe sport at the international level?
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.
Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.
GEORGE ORWELL The sporting spirit
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語】
goodwill n. 友好
cricket n. 板球
inclination n. 意愿
contest n. 比賽
orgy n. 無節(jié)制的，放蕩
deduce v. 推斷
competitive adj. 競爭性的
patriotism n. 地方觀念，愛國主義
disgrace v. 使丟臉
savage adj. 野性的
combative adj. 好斗的
mimic warfare 模擬戰(zhàn)爭
behaviour n. 行動(dòng)，舉止
absurd adj. 荒唐的
【課文注釋】
1.create goodwill創(chuàng)造友誼
Goodwill is a friendly or helpful attitude towards other people, countries, or organizations.好意、善意、友善。
show goodwill to/towards sb 對(duì)某人表示善意。
例句：Given goodwill on both sides, I'm sure we can reach agreement.
若雙方均有誠意，我確信我們能達(dá)成一致意見。
2.if only the common peoples of the world...，這里if only引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)非真實(shí)條件句，if only作“要是……就好了”講。
例句：If only one had an unlimited supply of money!
要是財(cái)源不斷就好了!
3.have no inclination to do，無意做……，不想做。
A.inclination是incline的名詞形式，incline to do sth表示有做某事的意愿、傾向。
例句：I'm inclined to believe him innocent.
我傾向于相信他的無辜。
B.have inclination to do sth
①愿意做、傾向做。
例句：I have little inclination to listen to you all evening.
我可不愿意一晚上都聽你說話.
②經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事、趨勢。
例句：The car has an inclination to stall on cold mornings.
這輛汽車天冷時(shí)早晨常常熄火。
4.deduce...from...，從……推斷出……。
例句：From the presence of so many people at the party, we can deduce that it is a welcomed one.
從參加聚會(huì)的人數(shù)之多我們可以看出，這次聚會(huì)是受人歡迎的。
其形容詞形式為deducible，表示課推知的。
例句：There is no deducible connection between these two cases.
這兩個(gè)案件之間沒有任何可推論的關(guān)系。
5.you play to win.句中的you是泛指人，可譯作“人們”。
6.pick up
①become better; improve 好轉(zhuǎn)、改善。
例句：The market always picks up in the spring.
一到春天市場就活躍了。
②start again; continue 重新開始、繼續(xù)。
例句：We'll pick up where we finished yesterday.
我們從昨天停止的地方繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。
③give sb a lift in a car用汽車搭載某人或接某人
例句：I'll pick you up at 7 o'clock.
7點(diǎn)鐘我開車來接你.
7.arise & arouse辨析
①arise：If a situation or problem arises, it begins to exist or people start to become aware of it.呈現(xiàn)、出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生(形勢/問題等)，常用主動(dòng)態(tài)。
例句：A new difficulty has arisen.
出現(xiàn)了新困難。
②arouse：If something arouses a particular reaction or attitude in people, it causes them to have that reaction or attitude.引起(某事物)、激發(fā)。
例句：Her strange behaviour aroused our suspicions.
她不尋常的舉動(dòng)引起我們的猜疑。
8.and, behind the spectators, of the nations，在of the nations前面省略了the attitude。
【參考譯文】
當(dāng)我聽人們說體育運(yùn)動(dòng)可創(chuàng)造國家之間的友誼，還說各國民眾若在足球場或板球場上交鋒，就不愿在戰(zhàn)場上殘殺的時(shí)候，我總是驚愕不已。一個(gè)人即使不能從具體的事例(例如1936年的奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì))了解到國際運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽會(huì)導(dǎo)致瘋狂的仇恨，也可以從常理中推斷出結(jié)論。
現(xiàn)在開展的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)幾乎都是競爭性的。參加比賽就是為了取勝。如果不拚命去贏，比賽就沒有什么意義了。 在鄉(xiāng)間的草坪上，當(dāng)你隨意組成兩個(gè)隊(duì)，并且不涉及任何地方情緒時(shí)，那才可能是單純的為了娛樂和鍛煉而進(jìn)行比賽。可是一量涉及到榮譽(yù)問題，一旦你想到你和某一團(tuán)體會(huì)因?yàn)槟爿敹鴣G臉時(shí)，那么野蠻的爭斗天性便會(huì)激發(fā)起來。即使是僅僅參加過學(xué)校足球賽的人也有種體會(huì)。在國際比賽中，體育簡直是一場模擬戰(zhàn)爭。但是，要緊的還不是運(yùn)動(dòng)員的行為，而是觀眾的態(tài)度，以及觀眾身后各個(gè)國家的態(tài)度。面對(duì)著這些荒唐的比賽，參賽的各個(gè)國家會(huì)如癡如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信 -- 至少在短期內(nèi)如此 -- 跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是對(duì)一個(gè)民族品德素質(zhì)的檢驗(yàn)。