美國教育歷史悠久，體制完善，結(jié)構(gòu)完備。經(jīng)過數(shù)百年發(fā)展，已經(jīng)擁有上百所高校，類型廣泛的專業(yè)可供選擇，能夠滿足不同階段不同學(xué)生的需求。而美國學(xué)生簽證更是留學(xué)美國的關(guān)鍵性必備文件。
Types of US Student Visa
If you’re planning to study abroad in the US – either for a full degree or a shorter period – you’ll need to apply for a US student visa. Here’s a quick guide to the three types of non-immigrant student visas for studying in the US.
美國學(xué)生簽證類型：
如果你計(jì)劃去美國留學(xué)——無論是選擇全日制學(xué)位專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)，還是短期學(xué)習(xí)——你都需要申請美國學(xué)生簽證。下面是三種不同類型的美國學(xué)生簽證的簡單介紹，希望能夠?qū)δ闼袔椭?BR> F Visa
This type of US student visa is for international students who are intending to pursue an academic degree at an accredited US college or university, or to study English at a university or intensive English language institute. There are three types of F visa:
F-1 visas for full-time students.
F-2 visas for dependents of F-1 visa holders (spouse and unmarried children under the age of 21). This includes same-sex married couples.
F-3 visas for ‘border commuters’ – Mexican and Canadian students who reside in their country of origin while attending part- or full-time school in the US.
Students with F-1 visas can work on-campus for 20 hours a week or less. Students wishing to work longer hours and off-campus must gain prior authorization from the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) – they may also grant work authorization for Curricular Practical Training (CPT) and Optional Practical Training (OPT) for a total of twelve months, without accruing more than 90 days of unemployment.
F簽證：
這個類型的美國學(xué)生簽證，適用于在公認(rèn)的美國學(xué)院或者大學(xué)追求學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)位專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)的國際學(xué)生，或者是在某大學(xué)或者是強(qiáng)化英語語言機(jī)構(gòu)參加英語學(xué)習(xí)的國際學(xué)生。F簽證又可以細(xì)分成三個類型：
F-1簽證適用于全日制學(xué)生;
F-2簽證適用于F-1簽證持有者的非獨(dú)立人員(配偶或者是21歲以下未結(jié)婚的孩子)，這也包括同性夫妻;
F-3簽證適用于邊境國家的通勤學(xué)生——居住在自己的原籍國，但是在美國學(xué)校進(jìn)行全日制或者非全日制學(xué)習(xí)的墨西哥和加拿大學(xué)生。
獲得F-1簽證的學(xué)生每一個星期可以在校內(nèi)工作多20個小時，想要工作更長時間或者是想要在校外工作的話，必須從美國公民及移民服務(wù)局(USCIS)獲得預(yù)先核淮——他們也可能會授予總計(jì)為期12個月的課程實(shí)踐訓(xùn)練(CPT)以及選擇性實(shí)踐訓(xùn)練(OPT)的工作許可，累計(jì)的未雇傭時間不能夠超過90天。
M visa
The second category of US student visa is for international students who want to engage in non-academic or vocational study or training at an institution in the US. There are three types of M visa:
M-1 visas for students engaging in vocational or non-academic studies.
M-2 visas for dependents of M-1 visa holders (as in F-2 visas).
M-3 visas for ‘border commuters’ as in F-3 visas, but for vocational or non-academic studies.
M-1 students are admitted to the US for a fixed time period – the length of their training program plus any Optional Practical Training. They must not stay in the US for longer than one year except in the case of extensions due to medical reasons. M-1 visa holders are not allowed to work on- or off-campus while studying and may not change their status to F-1.
M簽證：
第二種類型的美國學(xué)生簽證——M簽證——適用于想要在美國學(xué)校參加非學(xué)術(shù)性或者是職業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)或訓(xùn)練的國際學(xué)生。M簽證也可以細(xì)分成三種類型：
M-1簽證適用于進(jìn)行職業(yè)或者非學(xué)術(shù)性學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生;
M-2簽證適用于M-1簽證持有者的非獨(dú)立人員(如同F(xiàn)-2簽證適用范圍);
M-3簽證適用于邊境國家的通勤學(xué)生——居住在自己的原籍國，但是在美國學(xué)校進(jìn)行職業(yè)或者非學(xué)術(shù)性學(xué)習(xí)的墨西哥和加拿大學(xué)生(如同F(xiàn)-3)。
M-1學(xué)生進(jìn)入美國學(xué)校進(jìn)行固定時間的學(xué)習(xí)——他們訓(xùn)練專業(yè)的時間長度加上任何可選擇的實(shí)踐訓(xùn)練。他們在美國停留的時間不能夠超過1年，除了因?yàn)獒t(yī)學(xué)原因延長學(xué)習(xí)時間的情況。M-1簽證不允許學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)期間進(jìn)行任何的校內(nèi)或者校外工作，并且可能不能夠改變其簽證狀態(tài)到F-1簽證。
J visa
Finally, this third type of US student visa is for international exchange visitors participating in programs in the US that promote cultural exchange. Whether it is to obtain medical, business or other training, all applicants must meet the eligibility criteria of the program in question and be sponsored by a private sector or government program. Holders of J visas usually stay in the US for a short period of time, perhaps one or two semesters. There are two types of J visa:
J-1 visas for exchange students on a relevant exchange program.
J-2 visas for dependents of J-1 visa holders (as for F-2 visas)
J-1 visa holders will be subject to the two-year home-country physical presence (foreign residence) requirement if they are part of a government-funded exchange program, doing graduate medical educational or training or if their training is listed in the Exchange Visitor Skills list (i.e. the J-1 visa holder’s home-country has deemed their field of specialized knowledge or skills as necessary to the development of the country). This requirement means J-1 visa holders will need to return to their home country for at least two years at the end of their exchange visitor program.
J簽證：
后，美國學(xué)生簽證的第三種類型就是J簽證——適用于為了促進(jìn)文化交流，在美國學(xué)校進(jìn)行交流訪問的國際學(xué)生。無論學(xué)生是否獲得醫(yī)學(xué)、商科或者其他訓(xùn)練，所有的申請者都必須滿足該交流項(xiàng)目的資格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并且獲得一個私人機(jī)構(gòu)或者政府項(xiàng)目的贊助。J類簽證持有者通?？梢栽诿绹Ａ艉芏痰囊欢螘r間，也許是一個學(xué)期或者兩個學(xué)期。J類簽證也可以細(xì)分成兩種類型：
J-1簽證適用于相關(guān)交流項(xiàng)目中的交換生;
J-2簽證適用于J-1簽證持有者的非獨(dú)立人員(正如F-2簽證)。
J-1簽證持有者如果是政府資助交流項(xiàng)目的參與者，并且進(jìn)行研究生醫(yī)學(xué)教育或者訓(xùn)練的話;或者是他們的訓(xùn)練列在交流訪問技能清單(例如J-1簽證持有者的原籍國已經(jīng)認(rèn)定他們的專業(yè)知識或者技能領(lǐng)域?qū)τ趪野l(fā)展有很大需要)的話，那么有一個兩年的原籍國實(shí)體存在要求。這個要求意味著J-1簽證持有者在結(jié)束其交流訪問項(xiàng)目之后，將需要返回其原籍國至少兩年。
Derivative visas
Holders of F-2, M-2 and J-2 visas are also allowed to study in the US provided they meet their chosen institution’s criteria. They do not have to apply for an F-1, M-1 or J-1 visa, but can apply if qualified.
J-2 visa holders can enroll as recreational or degree-seeking students, either full- or part-time, and discontinue their program at any time. They can also petition for a change to F-1 student status if they haven’t completed their academic program by the time the principle J-1’s status has ended. However, this is only if the J-1 visa holder is not subject to the two-year home residency requirement.
F-2 and M-visa holders are not allowed to work, and must secure an appropriate work visa if seeking employment. J-2 visa holders may request work authorization from USCIS by submitting form I-765.
衍生簽證：
F-2、M-2以及J-2簽證持有者如果滿足所選美國學(xué)校的入學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的話，也可以在美國進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。他們不需要申請F(tuán)-1、M-1或者J-1簽證，但是如果符合要求的話，也可以申請。
J-2簽證持有者可以作為娛樂或者學(xué)位追求學(xué)生，參加全日制或者非全日制學(xué)習(xí)，并且在任何時候終止自己的學(xué)習(xí)。他們也可以申請更改至F-1簽證狀態(tài)，如果他們在J-1簽證結(jié)束時，沒有完成自己的學(xué)術(shù)專業(yè)的話。但是，這僅限于J-1簽證持有者沒有兩年原籍國居住要求的情況。
F-2以及M-簽證持有者不能夠留學(xué)期間工作，如果想要尋找雇傭機(jī)會的話，必須獲得適合的工作簽證。J-2簽證持有者需要通過遞交I-765表格從美國公民及移民服務(wù)局(USCIS)獲得工作許可。
Types of US Student Visa
If you’re planning to study abroad in the US – either for a full degree or a shorter period – you’ll need to apply for a US student visa. Here’s a quick guide to the three types of non-immigrant student visas for studying in the US.
美國學(xué)生簽證類型：
如果你計(jì)劃去美國留學(xué)——無論是選擇全日制學(xué)位專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)，還是短期學(xué)習(xí)——你都需要申請美國學(xué)生簽證。下面是三種不同類型的美國學(xué)生簽證的簡單介紹，希望能夠?qū)δ闼袔椭?BR> F Visa
This type of US student visa is for international students who are intending to pursue an academic degree at an accredited US college or university, or to study English at a university or intensive English language institute. There are three types of F visa:
F-1 visas for full-time students.
F-2 visas for dependents of F-1 visa holders (spouse and unmarried children under the age of 21). This includes same-sex married couples.
F-3 visas for ‘border commuters’ – Mexican and Canadian students who reside in their country of origin while attending part- or full-time school in the US.
Students with F-1 visas can work on-campus for 20 hours a week or less. Students wishing to work longer hours and off-campus must gain prior authorization from the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) – they may also grant work authorization for Curricular Practical Training (CPT) and Optional Practical Training (OPT) for a total of twelve months, without accruing more than 90 days of unemployment.
F簽證：
這個類型的美國學(xué)生簽證，適用于在公認(rèn)的美國學(xué)院或者大學(xué)追求學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)位專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)的國際學(xué)生，或者是在某大學(xué)或者是強(qiáng)化英語語言機(jī)構(gòu)參加英語學(xué)習(xí)的國際學(xué)生。F簽證又可以細(xì)分成三個類型：
F-1簽證適用于全日制學(xué)生;
F-2簽證適用于F-1簽證持有者的非獨(dú)立人員(配偶或者是21歲以下未結(jié)婚的孩子)，這也包括同性夫妻;
F-3簽證適用于邊境國家的通勤學(xué)生——居住在自己的原籍國，但是在美國學(xué)校進(jìn)行全日制或者非全日制學(xué)習(xí)的墨西哥和加拿大學(xué)生。
獲得F-1簽證的學(xué)生每一個星期可以在校內(nèi)工作多20個小時，想要工作更長時間或者是想要在校外工作的話，必須從美國公民及移民服務(wù)局(USCIS)獲得預(yù)先核淮——他們也可能會授予總計(jì)為期12個月的課程實(shí)踐訓(xùn)練(CPT)以及選擇性實(shí)踐訓(xùn)練(OPT)的工作許可，累計(jì)的未雇傭時間不能夠超過90天。
M visa
The second category of US student visa is for international students who want to engage in non-academic or vocational study or training at an institution in the US. There are three types of M visa:
M-1 visas for students engaging in vocational or non-academic studies.
M-2 visas for dependents of M-1 visa holders (as in F-2 visas).
M-3 visas for ‘border commuters’ as in F-3 visas, but for vocational or non-academic studies.
M-1 students are admitted to the US for a fixed time period – the length of their training program plus any Optional Practical Training. They must not stay in the US for longer than one year except in the case of extensions due to medical reasons. M-1 visa holders are not allowed to work on- or off-campus while studying and may not change their status to F-1.
M簽證：
第二種類型的美國學(xué)生簽證——M簽證——適用于想要在美國學(xué)校參加非學(xué)術(shù)性或者是職業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)或訓(xùn)練的國際學(xué)生。M簽證也可以細(xì)分成三種類型：
M-1簽證適用于進(jìn)行職業(yè)或者非學(xué)術(shù)性學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生;
M-2簽證適用于M-1簽證持有者的非獨(dú)立人員(如同F(xiàn)-2簽證適用范圍);
M-3簽證適用于邊境國家的通勤學(xué)生——居住在自己的原籍國，但是在美國學(xué)校進(jìn)行職業(yè)或者非學(xué)術(shù)性學(xué)習(xí)的墨西哥和加拿大學(xué)生(如同F(xiàn)-3)。
M-1學(xué)生進(jìn)入美國學(xué)校進(jìn)行固定時間的學(xué)習(xí)——他們訓(xùn)練專業(yè)的時間長度加上任何可選擇的實(shí)踐訓(xùn)練。他們在美國停留的時間不能夠超過1年，除了因?yàn)獒t(yī)學(xué)原因延長學(xué)習(xí)時間的情況。M-1簽證不允許學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)期間進(jìn)行任何的校內(nèi)或者校外工作，并且可能不能夠改變其簽證狀態(tài)到F-1簽證。
J visa
Finally, this third type of US student visa is for international exchange visitors participating in programs in the US that promote cultural exchange. Whether it is to obtain medical, business or other training, all applicants must meet the eligibility criteria of the program in question and be sponsored by a private sector or government program. Holders of J visas usually stay in the US for a short period of time, perhaps one or two semesters. There are two types of J visa:
J-1 visas for exchange students on a relevant exchange program.
J-2 visas for dependents of J-1 visa holders (as for F-2 visas)
J-1 visa holders will be subject to the two-year home-country physical presence (foreign residence) requirement if they are part of a government-funded exchange program, doing graduate medical educational or training or if their training is listed in the Exchange Visitor Skills list (i.e. the J-1 visa holder’s home-country has deemed their field of specialized knowledge or skills as necessary to the development of the country). This requirement means J-1 visa holders will need to return to their home country for at least two years at the end of their exchange visitor program.
J簽證：
后，美國學(xué)生簽證的第三種類型就是J簽證——適用于為了促進(jìn)文化交流，在美國學(xué)校進(jìn)行交流訪問的國際學(xué)生。無論學(xué)生是否獲得醫(yī)學(xué)、商科或者其他訓(xùn)練，所有的申請者都必須滿足該交流項(xiàng)目的資格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并且獲得一個私人機(jī)構(gòu)或者政府項(xiàng)目的贊助。J類簽證持有者通?？梢栽诿绹Ａ艉芏痰囊欢螘r間，也許是一個學(xué)期或者兩個學(xué)期。J類簽證也可以細(xì)分成兩種類型：
J-1簽證適用于相關(guān)交流項(xiàng)目中的交換生;
J-2簽證適用于J-1簽證持有者的非獨(dú)立人員(正如F-2簽證)。
J-1簽證持有者如果是政府資助交流項(xiàng)目的參與者，并且進(jìn)行研究生醫(yī)學(xué)教育或者訓(xùn)練的話;或者是他們的訓(xùn)練列在交流訪問技能清單(例如J-1簽證持有者的原籍國已經(jīng)認(rèn)定他們的專業(yè)知識或者技能領(lǐng)域?qū)τ趪野l(fā)展有很大需要)的話，那么有一個兩年的原籍國實(shí)體存在要求。這個要求意味著J-1簽證持有者在結(jié)束其交流訪問項(xiàng)目之后，將需要返回其原籍國至少兩年。
Derivative visas
Holders of F-2, M-2 and J-2 visas are also allowed to study in the US provided they meet their chosen institution’s criteria. They do not have to apply for an F-1, M-1 or J-1 visa, but can apply if qualified.
J-2 visa holders can enroll as recreational or degree-seeking students, either full- or part-time, and discontinue their program at any time. They can also petition for a change to F-1 student status if they haven’t completed their academic program by the time the principle J-1’s status has ended. However, this is only if the J-1 visa holder is not subject to the two-year home residency requirement.
F-2 and M-visa holders are not allowed to work, and must secure an appropriate work visa if seeking employment. J-2 visa holders may request work authorization from USCIS by submitting form I-765.
衍生簽證：
F-2、M-2以及J-2簽證持有者如果滿足所選美國學(xué)校的入學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的話，也可以在美國進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。他們不需要申請F(tuán)-1、M-1或者J-1簽證，但是如果符合要求的話，也可以申請。
J-2簽證持有者可以作為娛樂或者學(xué)位追求學(xué)生，參加全日制或者非全日制學(xué)習(xí)，并且在任何時候終止自己的學(xué)習(xí)。他們也可以申請更改至F-1簽證狀態(tài)，如果他們在J-1簽證結(jié)束時，沒有完成自己的學(xué)術(shù)專業(yè)的話。但是，這僅限于J-1簽證持有者沒有兩年原籍國居住要求的情況。
F-2以及M-簽證持有者不能夠留學(xué)期間工作，如果想要尋找雇傭機(jī)會的話，必須獲得適合的工作簽證。J-2簽證持有者需要通過遞交I-765表格從美國公民及移民服務(wù)局(USCIS)獲得工作許可。