非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式，而不是作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形式。 動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式分為動(dòng)名詞，分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式。
Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing……， 動(dòng)名詞起名詞作用)
爬山是一項(xiàng)好運(yùn)動(dòng)。
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing …… 分詞起形容詞作用)
你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)穿白襯衣的人嗎?
He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch …… 不定式起副詞作用)
他早早起床是為了趕上第一班汽車。
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：
1) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，而非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。
Miss Mary teaches us English.瑪麗教我們英語(yǔ)。(teaches 動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ))
Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
維克托先生上周來(lái)到了我們教室和我們談話。
(to have a talk…… 不定式作狀語(yǔ))
2) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制，而非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式?jīng)]有這種限制。
Larke likes the pop music.拉克喜歡流行音樂(lè)。(動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式)
Larke has nothing to do today.拉克今天沒(méi)什么事要做。(do 用原形)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特征：
1、如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，后面須跟賓語(yǔ)。
Studying English is my favorite.學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)是我的愛(ài)好。(studying 后跟賓語(yǔ))
To help him is my duty.幫助他是我的責(zé)任。(help 后跟賓語(yǔ))
2、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以帶有自己的狀語(yǔ)或邏輯主語(yǔ)。
Working under such a condition is terrible.在這樣的環(huán)境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的狀語(yǔ))
It‘s too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.他在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握英語(yǔ)太難了。
(for him 作不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ))
3、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍有語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.對(duì)不起讓你久等了。(to have kept……是不定式的完成形式)
Seen from the mountain， the city looks much more beautiful.從山上看，這座城市美麗多了。(Seen from……是分詞的被動(dòng)形式)
4、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中可以當(dāng)成名詞或者形容詞來(lái)使用。
Our coming made him happy.我們的到來(lái)使他很高興。(coming 起名詞作用)
There are two big swimming pools here.這兒有兩個(gè)大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容詞作用)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式變化：
不 定 式 主 動(dòng) 被 動(dòng)
一 般 to write to be written
進(jìn) 行 to be writing /
完 成 to have written to have been written
完成進(jìn)行 to have been writing /
現(xiàn)在分詞 主動(dòng) 被 動(dòng)
一 般 writing being written
完 成 having written having been written
過(guò)去 分詞 主動(dòng) 被 動(dòng)
一般 written had been written
完成 had written had been written
Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing……， 動(dòng)名詞起名詞作用)
爬山是一項(xiàng)好運(yùn)動(dòng)。
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing …… 分詞起形容詞作用)
你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)穿白襯衣的人嗎?
He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch …… 不定式起副詞作用)
他早早起床是為了趕上第一班汽車。
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：
1) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，而非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。
Miss Mary teaches us English.瑪麗教我們英語(yǔ)。(teaches 動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ))
Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
維克托先生上周來(lái)到了我們教室和我們談話。
(to have a talk…… 不定式作狀語(yǔ))
2) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制，而非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式?jīng)]有這種限制。
Larke likes the pop music.拉克喜歡流行音樂(lè)。(動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式)
Larke has nothing to do today.拉克今天沒(méi)什么事要做。(do 用原形)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特征：
1、如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，后面須跟賓語(yǔ)。
Studying English is my favorite.學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)是我的愛(ài)好。(studying 后跟賓語(yǔ))
To help him is my duty.幫助他是我的責(zé)任。(help 后跟賓語(yǔ))
2、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以帶有自己的狀語(yǔ)或邏輯主語(yǔ)。
Working under such a condition is terrible.在這樣的環(huán)境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的狀語(yǔ))
It‘s too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.他在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握英語(yǔ)太難了。
(for him 作不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ))
3、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍有語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.對(duì)不起讓你久等了。(to have kept……是不定式的完成形式)
Seen from the mountain， the city looks much more beautiful.從山上看，這座城市美麗多了。(Seen from……是分詞的被動(dòng)形式)
4、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中可以當(dāng)成名詞或者形容詞來(lái)使用。
Our coming made him happy.我們的到來(lái)使他很高興。(coming 起名詞作用)
There are two big swimming pools here.這兒有兩個(gè)大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容詞作用)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式變化：
不 定 式 主 動(dòng) 被 動(dòng)
一 般 to write to be written
進(jìn) 行 to be writing /
完 成 to have written to have been written
完成進(jìn)行 to have been writing /
現(xiàn)在分詞 主動(dòng) 被 動(dòng)
一 般 writing being written
完 成 having written having been written
過(guò)去 分詞 主動(dòng) 被 動(dòng)
一般 written had been written
完成 had written had been written