零基礎(chǔ)代表的是什么，就是一點(diǎn)都不會(huì)，音標(biāo)讀音都不會(huì)，精心整理了【英語語法】零基礎(chǔ)常見問題四篇希望對(duì)熱愛英語的自學(xué)者有幫助！學(xué)習(xí)英語要持之以恒，中途放棄是對(duì)自己的不尊重。下面一起來看看吧！
【篇一】名詞與to do不定式如何搭配
一、名詞與to do的關(guān)系
不定式結(jié)構(gòu)與其所修飾的名詞之間的關(guān)系主要有三種：“主—?jiǎng)印标P(guān)系、“動(dòng)—賓”關(guān)系和“同位”關(guān)系。
1.“主—?jiǎng)印标P(guān)系：即名詞是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語。
She was the last student to arrive (who arrived). 她是后一個(gè)到的學(xué)生。
This is the best book to appear this year ( =that has appeared this year). 這是今年出版的書中好的一本。
2.“動(dòng)—賓”關(guān)系：即名詞是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯賓語。
The little boy has a large family to support (that he must support). 這個(gè)小男孩要養(yǎng)活一個(gè)大家庭。
This is the best book to read (that we can read). 這是我們能讀的好的一本書。
3.“同位”關(guān)系：即名詞與不定式結(jié)構(gòu)是一種同位關(guān)系。
Actually, I have no wish to quarrel with you. 事實(shí)上，我不想跟你吵。
We have no inclination to spend much time on presents.我們不打算在禮物上花太多時(shí)間。
二、to do 還是to be done
作名詞修飾語的不定式，既可以采用主動(dòng)態(tài)，也可以采用被動(dòng)態(tài)。
1.用to do：
There is nothing important to do this afternoon. 今天下午沒有什么重要的事情做。
They have a lot of cases to investigate. 他們有太多案件要調(diào)查。
2.用to be done：
Those cases to be investigated shouldn’t be made public in press. 還未調(diào)查的這些案件，不該在媒體上曝光。
The question to be discussed in class may be difficult for students.課上要討論的這個(gè)問題對(duì)學(xué)生也許太難了。
3.用to do和to be done均可以：
Please give me a list of guests to invite/ to be invited. 請(qǐng)給我一份要邀請(qǐng)客人名單。
There is no time to lose/ to be lost. 沒時(shí)間可以浪費(fèi)了。
不定式與名詞的搭配，是指不定式作名詞的后置修飾語。要根據(jù)它們之間“主—?jiǎng)印?、“?dòng)—賓”和“同位”關(guān)系，具體分析句子的用法。同時(shí)，to do是用主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，也不可一概而論。
【篇二】“名詞+to do”與“名詞+介詞+doing”
我們知道，在英文中，不定式to do 可以作名詞的后置修飾語，構(gòu)成三種搭配關(guān)系：主—?jiǎng)雨P(guān)系、動(dòng)—賓關(guān)系和同位關(guān)系。其實(shí)，作名詞的后置修飾語，除了用to do，還可以用“介詞+doing”的形式。
一、名詞+to do
有些名詞，其后的修飾語一般用to do。這些名詞有：ability, agreement, ambition, anxiety, curiosity, disposition, mind, obligation, permission, refusal, reluctance, temptation, tendency和wish等。
They have no ability to win the game. 他們沒能力贏得這場(chǎng)比賽。
We have signed an agreement to rent the house. 我們已簽下了租房協(xié)議。
She is under no obligation to buy anything for him. 她沒必要給他買東西。
Wood has a tendency to swell if it gets wet. 木材遇潮易脹。
二、名詞+介詞+doing
有些名詞，其后通常接“介詞+-ing分詞”作后置修飾語，而一般不接to do，例如：aptitude, delay, difficulty, excuse, experience, interest, genius, habit, hope, idea, method, movie, object, passion, plan, possibility, skill和success。
The little boy has a great aptitude for finding something new. 這個(gè)小男孩有發(fā)現(xiàn)新奇事物的才能。
Miss Yang has much experience in teaching English. 楊老師在英語教學(xué)方面經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富。
He has little hope of passing the exam. 他沒有希望通過考試。
We must improve the method of teaching English. 我們必須改善英語教學(xué)的方法。
三、“名詞+to do”和“名詞+介詞+doing”
除了以上兩種情況所介紹的名詞外，還有一些名詞，后面接“名詞+to do”和“名詞+介詞+doing”兩種形式皆可以，意義上也無區(qū)別。如：attempt, chance, effort, freedom, intention, necessity, opportunity, reason, time和way。
Although they had made an effort to finish the task, they failed at last.
=Although they had made an effort at finishing the task, they failed at last.
盡管他們已盡力完成任務(wù)，終還是失敗了。
There is no necessity to buy so many things.
=There is no necessity of buying so many things. 沒必要買這么多東西。
I hope that I can have the opportunity to speak to you alone.
=I hope that I can have the opportunity of speaking to you alone.
我希望可以有機(jī)會(huì)跟你單獨(dú)聊聊。
【篇三】to do不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)變化
一、“體”的變化
關(guān)于“體”，不定式有：一般形式、進(jìn)行體形式、完成體形式和完成進(jìn)行體形式。
1. 一般形式to do：I decide to buy that red car. 我決定買那輛紅色的車。
一般形式否定not to do：I decide not to buy that red car. 我決定不買那輛紅色的車。
2. 進(jìn)行體形式to be doing：
The little boy seems to be saying something. 這個(gè)小男孩似乎在說什么。
進(jìn)行體形式否定not to be doing：
The little boy seems not to be saying anyhing. 這個(gè)小男孩似乎沒在說什么。
3. 完成體形式to have done：
I was sorry to have told you that news. 很抱歉告訴你那則消息。
完成體形式否定not to have done：
I was sorry not to have told you that news. 很抱歉沒告訴你那則消息。
二、“態(tài)”的變化
關(guān)于“態(tài)”的變化，不定式同樣有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)之分。不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是由“to be+ed分詞”或者“to have been+ed分詞”構(gòu)成。
to be+ed分詞：
The problem to be discussed tomorrow is a hard nut. 明天要討論的問題很棘手。
to have been+ed分詞：
She is really pleased to have been given this opportunity. 她很高興有這次機(jī)會(huì)。
綜上可知，不定式不是只有“to do”這一種結(jié)構(gòu)。由這一結(jié)構(gòu)變化而來的形式，我們也要注意掌握，以便靈活運(yùn)用。
【篇四】當(dāng)動(dòng)詞遇上不定式
不定式重要的一個(gè)用法：與動(dòng)詞搭配，構(gòu)成“動(dòng)賓”結(jié)構(gòu)。不定式作動(dòng)詞賓語，可分為三種情況，即“動(dòng)詞+to do”、“動(dòng)詞+賓語+to do”和“動(dòng)詞+（賓語）+to do”。
一、動(dòng)詞+to do
英語中，有些動(dòng)詞只能接不定式，構(gòu)成“動(dòng)詞+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)。這類動(dòng)詞有：agree, aim, apply, choose, decide, demand, desire, determine, endeavor, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pledge, prepare, pretend, profess, promise, refuse, resolve, seek等等。
We hope to finish this task as soon as possible. 我們希望盡快完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
These players desired to win the game. 這些運(yùn)動(dòng)員渴望贏得這場(chǎng)比賽。
She refused to come to the party. 她拒絕參加聚會(huì)。
二、動(dòng)詞+賓語+to do
有些動(dòng)詞后不能直接加to do，必須先接賓語，再接to do。這類動(dòng)詞有consider, declare, prove, think, believe discover等表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，其后一般用to be 形式。
I believe my friend to be reliable. 我相信我朋友是值得信賴的。
We all consider him to be a good teacher. 我們一致認(rèn)為他是一位好老師。
They have proved him to be wrong.他們已經(jīng)證明他是錯(cuò)的。
三、動(dòng)詞+（賓語）+to do
有些動(dòng)詞后面，既可以直接帶不定式，也可以帶賓語+不定式，例如ask, can’t bear, hate, intend, like, prefer等。
She asked to give these children more presents. 她要求給孩子們更多的禮物。
She asked me to give these children more presents. 她要求我給孩子們更多的禮物。
The teacher intends to give more time. 老師打算給更多時(shí)間。
The teacher intends students to give more time. 老師打算讓孩子們多給一些時(shí)間。
注：這一類動(dòng)詞，同樣可以用于that-分句，例如：
She asked that I should give these children more presents. 她要求我給孩子們更多的禮物。
The teacher intends that students should give more time. 老師打算讓孩子們多給一些時(shí)間。