新概念英語(yǔ)作為一套世界聞名的英語(yǔ)教程，以其全新的教學(xué)理念，有趣的課文內(nèi)容和全面的技能訓(xùn)練，深受廣大英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的歡迎和喜愛。為了方便同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)，為大家整理了全面的新概念第四冊(cè)課文翻譯及學(xué)習(xí)筆記，希望為大家的新概念英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)提供幫助!
Lesson4
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
How did Vera discover she had this gift of second sight?
Several cases have been reported in Russia recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers, and even see through solid doors and walls. One case concerns an eleven-year-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls. This ability was first noticed by her father. One day she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe. Suddenly she asked her father why he kept so many old newspapers locked away there, and even described the way they were done up in bundles.
Vera's curious talent was brought to the notice of a scientific research institute in the town of Ulyanovsk, near where she lives, and in April she was given a series of tests by a special commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic. During these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and, stranger still, by moving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours printed on it; and, in another instance, wearing stockings and slippers, to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet. Other experiments showed that her knees and shoulders had a similar sensitivity. During all these tests Vera was blindfold; and, indeed, except when blindfold she lacked the ability to perceive things with her skin. It was also found that although she could perceive things with her fingers this ability ceased the moment her hands were wet.
ERIC DE MAUNY Seeing hands from The Listener
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)】
solid adj. 堅(jiān)實(shí)的
safe n. 保險(xiǎn)柜
ulyanovsk n. 烏里揚(yáng)諾夫斯克
commission n. 委員會(huì)
opaque adj. 不透明的
lotto n. 一種有編號(hào)的紙牌
slipper n. 拖鞋
blindfold adj.& adv. 被蒙上眼睛的
【課文注釋】
1. of people who can read...,這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)cases，由于太長(zhǎng)，因此被移至謂語(yǔ)之后。
2. through solid walls與with different parts of her skin并列，作perceive的狀語(yǔ)。
3. perceive things辨認(rèn)東西。
perceive表示注意到、觀察到、辨認(rèn)出某事物。
例句：I perceived a change in his behaviour/that his behaviour had changed.
我發(fā)覺(jué)他的行為有些變化。
percieve sth as sth表示理解或領(lǐng)悟某事物。
例句：I perceived his comment as a challenge.
我認(rèn)為他的批評(píng)是對(duì)我的激勵(lì)。
4. lock something away，把某物鎖起來(lái)。
lock up(給門窗)上鎖;
lock...in...把……鎖在……;
lock onto sth追蹤目標(biāo)
5. do up，捆，包，也表示收拾。
例句：At camp, the boys have to do up their own cabins.
在營(yíng)地，男孩們不得不自己打掃小屋。
6. bring...to the notice of，引起某人注意。
例句：It was Susan who brought the problem to our notice.
是蘇珊提醒我們注意那個(gè)問(wèn)題的。
take notice of表示注意，留心。
例句：Please take notice of my announcement.
請(qǐng)注意聽我的通知。
7. except when blindfold，其中when之后省略了she was。
8. the moment her hands were wet，這是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，the moment有“一……就……”的意思，省略了when。
例句：The meoment when I got home, it started to rain.
我剛到家，外面就開始下雨了。
【參考譯文】
俄羅斯近報(bào)導(dǎo)了幾個(gè)事例，有人能用手指看書識(shí)字和辨認(rèn)顏色，甚至能透過(guò)厚實(shí)的門和墻看到東西。 其中有一例談到有一個(gè)名叫維拉.彼托洛娃的11歲學(xué)生。她的視力與常人一樣，但她還能用皮膚的不同部位辨認(rèn)東西，甚至看穿堅(jiān)實(shí)的墻壁。是她父親首先發(fā)現(xiàn)她這一功能的。一天，維拉走進(jìn)父親的辦公室，偶然把手放在一個(gè)鎖著的保險(xiǎn)柜的門上，她突然問(wèn)父親為什么把這么多的舊報(bào)紙鎖在柜子里，還說(shuō)了報(bào)紙捆扎的情況。
維拉的特異功能引起了她家附近烏里揚(yáng)諾夫斯克城一個(gè)科研單位的注意。4月里，俄羅斯衛(wèi)生部一個(gè)特別委員會(huì)對(duì)她進(jìn)行了一系列的測(cè)試。在這些測(cè)試中，她能隔著不透明的屏幕讀報(bào)紙。更為奇怪的是，她把肘部在兒童玩的“羅托”紙牌上移動(dòng)一下，便能說(shuō)出印在紙牌上的數(shù)字和顏色。還有，她穿著長(zhǎng)筒襪子和拖鞋，能用腳步識(shí)別出藏在地毯下面的一幅畫的輪廓和顏色。其他實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，她的膝蓋和雙肩有類似的感覺(jué)能力，在所有這些實(shí)驗(yàn)中，維拉的雙眼都是蒙著的。如果不蒙上雙眼她的皮膚就不再具有識(shí)別物體的能力。這是千真萬(wàn)確的。同時(shí)還發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管她能用手指識(shí)別東西，但她的手一旦弄濕，這種功能便會(huì)立即消失。
Lesson5
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
How does the writer like to treat young people?
People are always talking about 'the problem of youth'. If there is one--which I take leave to doubt -- then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings--people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.
When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain--that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking.
I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. He may be conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary cliches about respect for elders -- as if mere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong.
FIELDEN HUGHES from Out of the Air, The Listene
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)】
leave n. 允許
fundamentals n. 基本原則
glorious adj. 光輝燦爛的
splendid adj. 燦爛的
rub n. 難題
identity n. 身份
dreary adj. 沉郁的
commitment n. 信奉
mean adj. 吝嗇，小氣
social climber 追求更高社會(huì)地位的，向上爬的人
devotion n. 熱愛
cosmic adj. 宇宙的
suburban adj. 見識(shí)不廣的，偏狹的
conceited adj. 自高自大的
presumptuous adj. 自以為是的，放肆的
fatuous adj. 愚蠢的
cliche n. 陳詞濫調(diào)
【課文注釋】
1. which I take leave to doubt，這是一個(gè)插入成分，用兩個(gè)破折號(hào)與句子的主要部分分開。
take leave to do sth.是“擅自做”、“冒昧去做”的意思。
2. get down to，認(rèn)真處理，認(rèn)真研究;開始做某事。
例句：He got down to his work after the holidays.
度假之后他開始專心工作。
3....that is where the rub is. There's the rub.= That's the problem.這就是問(wèn)題所在。
①rub作動(dòng)詞，擦，磨，揉，搓。
例句：He rubbed his chin thoughtfully.
他撫摩著下巴, 陷入沉思。
②rub salt into the wound/sb's wounds在某人的傷口上撒鹽，給某人雪上加霜。
例句：Don't rub salt into her wounds, she's already so miserable.
別在往她傷口上撒鹽了，她已經(jīng)夠慘了。
③rub shoulders with sb與某人作社交上或職業(yè)上的來(lái)往。
例句：In his job he's rubbing shoulders with film stars all the time.
他在工作中一直與電影明星有來(lái)往。
4.for one thing，首先。
相同意思的詞組還有： to begin/start with, first of all, first and foremost, in the first place
5. air of freedom，無(wú)拘無(wú)束。
6. in some sense，在某種意義上。
to some extent，從某種程度上來(lái)說(shuō)。
7. turn to...for...，為……而求助于……。
例句：I tried to stand on my own two feet rather than turned to my parents for money.
我設(shè)法自立而不為錢求助于我的父母。
【參考譯文】
人們總是在談?wù)摗扒嗄陠?wèn)題”。如果這個(gè)問(wèn)題存在的話 -- 請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我對(duì)此持懷疑態(tài)度 -- 那么，這個(gè)問(wèn)題是由老年人而不是青年人造成的。讓我們來(lái)認(rèn)真研究一些基本事實(shí)：承認(rèn)青年人和他們的長(zhǎng)輩一樣也是人。老年人和青年人只有一個(gè)區(qū)別：青年人有光輝燦爛的前景，而老年人的輝煌已成為過(guò)去。 問(wèn)題的癥結(jié)恐怕就在這里。
我十幾歲時(shí)，總感到自己年輕，有些事拿不準(zhǔn) -- 我是一所大學(xué)里的一名新生，如果我當(dāng)時(shí)真的被看成像一個(gè)問(wèn)題那樣有趣，我會(huì)感到很得意的。因?yàn)檫@至少使我得到了某種承認(rèn)，這正是年輕人所熱衷追求的。
我覺(jué)得年輕人令人振奮，無(wú)拘無(wú)束。他們既不追逐卑鄙的名利，也不貪圖生活的舒適。他們不熱衷于向上爬，也不一味追求物質(zhì)享受。在我看來(lái)，所有這些使他們與生命和萬(wàn)物之源聯(lián)系在了一起。從某種意義上講，他們似乎是宇宙人，同我們這些凡夫俗子形成了強(qiáng)烈而鮮明的對(duì)照。每逢我遇到年輕人，腦子里就想到這些年輕人也許狂妄自負(fù)，舉止無(wú)理，傲慢放肆，愚昧無(wú)知，但我不會(huì)用應(yīng)當(dāng)尊重長(zhǎng)者這一套陳詞濫調(diào)來(lái)為我自己辨護(hù)，似乎年長(zhǎng)就是受人尊敬的理由。我認(rèn)為我和他們是平等的。如果我認(rèn)為他們錯(cuò)了，我就以平等的身份和他們爭(zhēng)個(gè)明白。
Lesson6
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
How does the writer describe sport at the international level?
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.
Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.
GEORGE ORWELL The sporting spirit
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)】
goodwill n. 友好
cricket n. 板球
inclination n. 意愿
contest n. 比賽
orgy n. 無(wú)節(jié)制的，放蕩
deduce v. 推斷
competitive adj. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的
patriotism n. 地方觀念，愛國(guó)主義
disgrace v. 使丟臉
savage adj. 野性的
combative adj. 好斗的
mimic warfare 模擬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
behaviour n. 行動(dòng)，舉止
absurd adj. 荒唐的
【課文注釋】
1.create goodwill創(chuàng)造友誼
Goodwill is a friendly or helpful attitude towards other people, countries, or organizations.好意、善意、友善。
show goodwill to/towards sb 對(duì)某人表示善意。
例句：Given goodwill on both sides, I'm sure we can reach agreement.
若雙方均有誠(chéng)意，我確信我們能達(dá)成一致意見。
2.if only the common peoples of the world...，這里if only引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)非真實(shí)條件句，if only作“要是……就好了”講。
例句：If only one had an unlimited supply of money!
要是財(cái)源不斷就好了!
3.have no inclination to do，無(wú)意做……，不想做。
A.inclination是incline的名詞形式，incline to do sth表示有做某事的意愿、傾向。
例句：I'm inclined to believe him innocent.
我傾向于相信他的無(wú)辜。
B.have inclination to do sth
①愿意做、傾向做。
例句：I have little inclination to listen to you all evening.
我可不愿意一晚上都聽你說(shuō)話.
②經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事、趨勢(shì)。
例句：The car has an inclination to stall on cold mornings.
這輛汽車天冷時(shí)早晨常常熄火。
4.deduce...from...，從……推斷出……。
例句：From the presence of so many people at the party, we can deduce that it is a welcomed one.
從參加聚會(huì)的人數(shù)之多我們可以看出，這次聚會(huì)是受人歡迎的。
其形容詞形式為deducible，表示課推知的。
例句：There is no deducible connection between these two cases.
這兩個(gè)案件之間沒(méi)有任何可推論的關(guān)系。
5.you play to win.句中的you是泛指人，可譯作“人們”。
6.pick up
①become better; improve 好轉(zhuǎn)、改善。
例句：The market always picks up in the spring.
一到春天市場(chǎng)就活躍了。
②start again; continue 重新開始、繼續(xù)。
例句：We'll pick up where we finished yesterday.
我們從昨天停止的地方繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。
③give sb a lift in a car用汽車搭載某人或接某人
例句：I'll pick you up at 7 o'clock.
7點(diǎn)鐘我開車來(lái)接你.
7.arise & arouse辨析
①arise：If a situation or problem arises, it begins to exist or people start to become aware of it.呈現(xiàn)、出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生(形勢(shì)/問(wèn)題等)，常用主動(dòng)態(tài)。
例句：A new difficulty has arisen.
出現(xiàn)了新困難。
②arouse：If something arouses a particular reaction or attitude in people, it causes them to have that reaction or attitude.引起(某事物)、激發(fā)。
例句：Her strange behaviour aroused our suspicions.
她不尋常的舉動(dòng)引起我們的猜疑。
8.and, behind the spectators, of the nations，在of the nations前面省略了the attitude。
【參考譯文】
當(dāng)我聽人們說(shuō)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)可創(chuàng)造國(guó)家之間的友誼，還說(shuō)各國(guó)民眾若在足球場(chǎng)或板球場(chǎng)上交鋒，就不愿在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上殘殺的時(shí)候，我總是驚愕不已。一個(gè)人即使不能從具體的事例(例如1936年的奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì))了解到國(guó)際運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽會(huì)導(dǎo)致瘋狂的仇恨，也可以從常理中推斷出結(jié)論。
現(xiàn)在開展的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)幾乎都是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的。參加比賽就是為了取勝。如果不拚命去贏，比賽就沒(méi)有什么意義了。 在鄉(xiāng)間的草坪上，當(dāng)你隨意組成兩個(gè)隊(duì)，并且不涉及任何地方情緒時(shí)，那才可能是單純的為了娛樂(lè)和鍛煉而進(jìn)行比賽?？墒且涣可婕暗綐s譽(yù)問(wèn)題，一旦你想到你和某一團(tuán)體會(huì)因?yàn)槟爿敹鴣G臉時(shí)，那么野蠻的爭(zhēng)斗天性便會(huì)激發(fā)起來(lái)。即使是僅僅參加過(guò)學(xué)校足球賽的人也有種體會(huì)。在國(guó)際比賽中，體育簡(jiǎn)直是一場(chǎng)模擬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。但是，要緊的還不是運(yùn)動(dòng)員的行為，而是觀眾的態(tài)度，以及觀眾身后各個(gè)國(guó)家的態(tài)度。面對(duì)著這些荒唐的比賽，參賽的各個(gè)國(guó)家會(huì)如癡如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信 -- 至少在短期內(nèi)如此 -- 跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是對(duì)一個(gè)民族品德素質(zhì)的檢驗(yàn)。
Lesson4
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
How did Vera discover she had this gift of second sight?
Several cases have been reported in Russia recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers, and even see through solid doors and walls. One case concerns an eleven-year-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls. This ability was first noticed by her father. One day she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe. Suddenly she asked her father why he kept so many old newspapers locked away there, and even described the way they were done up in bundles.
Vera's curious talent was brought to the notice of a scientific research institute in the town of Ulyanovsk, near where she lives, and in April she was given a series of tests by a special commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic. During these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and, stranger still, by moving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours printed on it; and, in another instance, wearing stockings and slippers, to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet. Other experiments showed that her knees and shoulders had a similar sensitivity. During all these tests Vera was blindfold; and, indeed, except when blindfold she lacked the ability to perceive things with her skin. It was also found that although she could perceive things with her fingers this ability ceased the moment her hands were wet.
ERIC DE MAUNY Seeing hands from The Listener
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)】
solid adj. 堅(jiān)實(shí)的
safe n. 保險(xiǎn)柜
ulyanovsk n. 烏里揚(yáng)諾夫斯克
commission n. 委員會(huì)
opaque adj. 不透明的
lotto n. 一種有編號(hào)的紙牌
slipper n. 拖鞋
blindfold adj.& adv. 被蒙上眼睛的
【課文注釋】
1. of people who can read...,這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)cases，由于太長(zhǎng)，因此被移至謂語(yǔ)之后。
2. through solid walls與with different parts of her skin并列，作perceive的狀語(yǔ)。
3. perceive things辨認(rèn)東西。
perceive表示注意到、觀察到、辨認(rèn)出某事物。
例句：I perceived a change in his behaviour/that his behaviour had changed.
我發(fā)覺(jué)他的行為有些變化。
percieve sth as sth表示理解或領(lǐng)悟某事物。
例句：I perceived his comment as a challenge.
我認(rèn)為他的批評(píng)是對(duì)我的激勵(lì)。
4. lock something away，把某物鎖起來(lái)。
lock up(給門窗)上鎖;
lock...in...把……鎖在……;
lock onto sth追蹤目標(biāo)
5. do up，捆，包，也表示收拾。
例句：At camp, the boys have to do up their own cabins.
在營(yíng)地，男孩們不得不自己打掃小屋。
6. bring...to the notice of，引起某人注意。
例句：It was Susan who brought the problem to our notice.
是蘇珊提醒我們注意那個(gè)問(wèn)題的。
take notice of表示注意，留心。
例句：Please take notice of my announcement.
請(qǐng)注意聽我的通知。
7. except when blindfold，其中when之后省略了she was。
8. the moment her hands were wet，這是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，the moment有“一……就……”的意思，省略了when。
例句：The meoment when I got home, it started to rain.
我剛到家，外面就開始下雨了。
【參考譯文】
俄羅斯近報(bào)導(dǎo)了幾個(gè)事例，有人能用手指看書識(shí)字和辨認(rèn)顏色，甚至能透過(guò)厚實(shí)的門和墻看到東西。 其中有一例談到有一個(gè)名叫維拉.彼托洛娃的11歲學(xué)生。她的視力與常人一樣，但她還能用皮膚的不同部位辨認(rèn)東西，甚至看穿堅(jiān)實(shí)的墻壁。是她父親首先發(fā)現(xiàn)她這一功能的。一天，維拉走進(jìn)父親的辦公室，偶然把手放在一個(gè)鎖著的保險(xiǎn)柜的門上，她突然問(wèn)父親為什么把這么多的舊報(bào)紙鎖在柜子里，還說(shuō)了報(bào)紙捆扎的情況。
維拉的特異功能引起了她家附近烏里揚(yáng)諾夫斯克城一個(gè)科研單位的注意。4月里，俄羅斯衛(wèi)生部一個(gè)特別委員會(huì)對(duì)她進(jìn)行了一系列的測(cè)試。在這些測(cè)試中，她能隔著不透明的屏幕讀報(bào)紙。更為奇怪的是，她把肘部在兒童玩的“羅托”紙牌上移動(dòng)一下，便能說(shuō)出印在紙牌上的數(shù)字和顏色。還有，她穿著長(zhǎng)筒襪子和拖鞋，能用腳步識(shí)別出藏在地毯下面的一幅畫的輪廓和顏色。其他實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，她的膝蓋和雙肩有類似的感覺(jué)能力，在所有這些實(shí)驗(yàn)中，維拉的雙眼都是蒙著的。如果不蒙上雙眼她的皮膚就不再具有識(shí)別物體的能力。這是千真萬(wàn)確的。同時(shí)還發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管她能用手指識(shí)別東西，但她的手一旦弄濕，這種功能便會(huì)立即消失。
Lesson5
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
How does the writer like to treat young people?
People are always talking about 'the problem of youth'. If there is one--which I take leave to doubt -- then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings--people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.
When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain--that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking.
I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. He may be conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary cliches about respect for elders -- as if mere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong.
FIELDEN HUGHES from Out of the Air, The Listene
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)】
leave n. 允許
fundamentals n. 基本原則
glorious adj. 光輝燦爛的
splendid adj. 燦爛的
rub n. 難題
identity n. 身份
dreary adj. 沉郁的
commitment n. 信奉
mean adj. 吝嗇，小氣
social climber 追求更高社會(huì)地位的，向上爬的人
devotion n. 熱愛
cosmic adj. 宇宙的
suburban adj. 見識(shí)不廣的，偏狹的
conceited adj. 自高自大的
presumptuous adj. 自以為是的，放肆的
fatuous adj. 愚蠢的
cliche n. 陳詞濫調(diào)
【課文注釋】
1. which I take leave to doubt，這是一個(gè)插入成分，用兩個(gè)破折號(hào)與句子的主要部分分開。
take leave to do sth.是“擅自做”、“冒昧去做”的意思。
2. get down to，認(rèn)真處理，認(rèn)真研究;開始做某事。
例句：He got down to his work after the holidays.
度假之后他開始專心工作。
3....that is where the rub is. There's the rub.= That's the problem.這就是問(wèn)題所在。
①rub作動(dòng)詞，擦，磨，揉，搓。
例句：He rubbed his chin thoughtfully.
他撫摩著下巴, 陷入沉思。
②rub salt into the wound/sb's wounds在某人的傷口上撒鹽，給某人雪上加霜。
例句：Don't rub salt into her wounds, she's already so miserable.
別在往她傷口上撒鹽了，她已經(jīng)夠慘了。
③rub shoulders with sb與某人作社交上或職業(yè)上的來(lái)往。
例句：In his job he's rubbing shoulders with film stars all the time.
他在工作中一直與電影明星有來(lái)往。
4.for one thing，首先。
相同意思的詞組還有： to begin/start with, first of all, first and foremost, in the first place
5. air of freedom，無(wú)拘無(wú)束。
6. in some sense，在某種意義上。
to some extent，從某種程度上來(lái)說(shuō)。
7. turn to...for...，為……而求助于……。
例句：I tried to stand on my own two feet rather than turned to my parents for money.
我設(shè)法自立而不為錢求助于我的父母。
【參考譯文】
人們總是在談?wù)摗扒嗄陠?wèn)題”。如果這個(gè)問(wèn)題存在的話 -- 請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我對(duì)此持懷疑態(tài)度 -- 那么，這個(gè)問(wèn)題是由老年人而不是青年人造成的。讓我們來(lái)認(rèn)真研究一些基本事實(shí)：承認(rèn)青年人和他們的長(zhǎng)輩一樣也是人。老年人和青年人只有一個(gè)區(qū)別：青年人有光輝燦爛的前景，而老年人的輝煌已成為過(guò)去。 問(wèn)題的癥結(jié)恐怕就在這里。
我十幾歲時(shí)，總感到自己年輕，有些事拿不準(zhǔn) -- 我是一所大學(xué)里的一名新生，如果我當(dāng)時(shí)真的被看成像一個(gè)問(wèn)題那樣有趣，我會(huì)感到很得意的。因?yàn)檫@至少使我得到了某種承認(rèn)，這正是年輕人所熱衷追求的。
我覺(jué)得年輕人令人振奮，無(wú)拘無(wú)束。他們既不追逐卑鄙的名利，也不貪圖生活的舒適。他們不熱衷于向上爬，也不一味追求物質(zhì)享受。在我看來(lái)，所有這些使他們與生命和萬(wàn)物之源聯(lián)系在了一起。從某種意義上講，他們似乎是宇宙人，同我們這些凡夫俗子形成了強(qiáng)烈而鮮明的對(duì)照。每逢我遇到年輕人，腦子里就想到這些年輕人也許狂妄自負(fù)，舉止無(wú)理，傲慢放肆，愚昧無(wú)知，但我不會(huì)用應(yīng)當(dāng)尊重長(zhǎng)者這一套陳詞濫調(diào)來(lái)為我自己辨護(hù)，似乎年長(zhǎng)就是受人尊敬的理由。我認(rèn)為我和他們是平等的。如果我認(rèn)為他們錯(cuò)了，我就以平等的身份和他們爭(zhēng)個(gè)明白。
Lesson6
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
How does the writer describe sport at the international level?
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.
Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.
GEORGE ORWELL The sporting spirit
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)】
goodwill n. 友好
cricket n. 板球
inclination n. 意愿
contest n. 比賽
orgy n. 無(wú)節(jié)制的，放蕩
deduce v. 推斷
competitive adj. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的
patriotism n. 地方觀念，愛國(guó)主義
disgrace v. 使丟臉
savage adj. 野性的
combative adj. 好斗的
mimic warfare 模擬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
behaviour n. 行動(dòng)，舉止
absurd adj. 荒唐的
【課文注釋】
1.create goodwill創(chuàng)造友誼
Goodwill is a friendly or helpful attitude towards other people, countries, or organizations.好意、善意、友善。
show goodwill to/towards sb 對(duì)某人表示善意。
例句：Given goodwill on both sides, I'm sure we can reach agreement.
若雙方均有誠(chéng)意，我確信我們能達(dá)成一致意見。
2.if only the common peoples of the world...，這里if only引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)非真實(shí)條件句，if only作“要是……就好了”講。
例句：If only one had an unlimited supply of money!
要是財(cái)源不斷就好了!
3.have no inclination to do，無(wú)意做……，不想做。
A.inclination是incline的名詞形式，incline to do sth表示有做某事的意愿、傾向。
例句：I'm inclined to believe him innocent.
我傾向于相信他的無(wú)辜。
B.have inclination to do sth
①愿意做、傾向做。
例句：I have little inclination to listen to you all evening.
我可不愿意一晚上都聽你說(shuō)話.
②經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事、趨勢(shì)。
例句：The car has an inclination to stall on cold mornings.
這輛汽車天冷時(shí)早晨常常熄火。
4.deduce...from...，從……推斷出……。
例句：From the presence of so many people at the party, we can deduce that it is a welcomed one.
從參加聚會(huì)的人數(shù)之多我們可以看出，這次聚會(huì)是受人歡迎的。
其形容詞形式為deducible，表示課推知的。
例句：There is no deducible connection between these two cases.
這兩個(gè)案件之間沒(méi)有任何可推論的關(guān)系。
5.you play to win.句中的you是泛指人，可譯作“人們”。
6.pick up
①become better; improve 好轉(zhuǎn)、改善。
例句：The market always picks up in the spring.
一到春天市場(chǎng)就活躍了。
②start again; continue 重新開始、繼續(xù)。
例句：We'll pick up where we finished yesterday.
我們從昨天停止的地方繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。
③give sb a lift in a car用汽車搭載某人或接某人
例句：I'll pick you up at 7 o'clock.
7點(diǎn)鐘我開車來(lái)接你.
7.arise & arouse辨析
①arise：If a situation or problem arises, it begins to exist or people start to become aware of it.呈現(xiàn)、出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生(形勢(shì)/問(wèn)題等)，常用主動(dòng)態(tài)。
例句：A new difficulty has arisen.
出現(xiàn)了新困難。
②arouse：If something arouses a particular reaction or attitude in people, it causes them to have that reaction or attitude.引起(某事物)、激發(fā)。
例句：Her strange behaviour aroused our suspicions.
她不尋常的舉動(dòng)引起我們的猜疑。
8.and, behind the spectators, of the nations，在of the nations前面省略了the attitude。
【參考譯文】
當(dāng)我聽人們說(shuō)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)可創(chuàng)造國(guó)家之間的友誼，還說(shuō)各國(guó)民眾若在足球場(chǎng)或板球場(chǎng)上交鋒，就不愿在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上殘殺的時(shí)候，我總是驚愕不已。一個(gè)人即使不能從具體的事例(例如1936年的奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì))了解到國(guó)際運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽會(huì)導(dǎo)致瘋狂的仇恨，也可以從常理中推斷出結(jié)論。
現(xiàn)在開展的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)幾乎都是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的。參加比賽就是為了取勝。如果不拚命去贏，比賽就沒(méi)有什么意義了。 在鄉(xiāng)間的草坪上，當(dāng)你隨意組成兩個(gè)隊(duì)，并且不涉及任何地方情緒時(shí)，那才可能是單純的為了娛樂(lè)和鍛煉而進(jìn)行比賽?？墒且涣可婕暗綐s譽(yù)問(wèn)題，一旦你想到你和某一團(tuán)體會(huì)因?yàn)槟爿敹鴣G臉時(shí)，那么野蠻的爭(zhēng)斗天性便會(huì)激發(fā)起來(lái)。即使是僅僅參加過(guò)學(xué)校足球賽的人也有種體會(huì)。在國(guó)際比賽中，體育簡(jiǎn)直是一場(chǎng)模擬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。但是，要緊的還不是運(yùn)動(dòng)員的行為，而是觀眾的態(tài)度，以及觀眾身后各個(gè)國(guó)家的態(tài)度。面對(duì)著這些荒唐的比賽，參賽的各個(gè)國(guó)家會(huì)如癡如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信 -- 至少在短期內(nèi)如此 -- 跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是對(duì)一個(gè)民族品德素質(zhì)的檢驗(yàn)。