以下初中英語語法:直接引語變間接引語的五點(diǎn)變化由整理發(fā)布,歡迎閱讀參考!更多相關(guān)訊息請關(guān)注!
1. 時態(tài)的變化
直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,若主句為過去時態(tài),變?yōu)殚g接引語的賓語從句通常要將時態(tài)往后推一個,即:一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時,一般將來時變?yōu)檫^去將來時,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時,現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時,一般過去時也變?yōu)檫^去完成時,等等(若直接引語為過去完成時,變?yōu)殚g接引語可以不變)。另外,若直接引語中有情態(tài)動詞can, may等,也應(yīng)變成過去式could, might等(情態(tài)動詞must可以變?yōu)閔ad to,也可不變,should, ought to, had better 等可以不變):
“I want to stay here.” he said. 他說:“我想留在這兒?!?BR> →He said that he wanted to stay there. 他說他想留在那兒。
She said, “It’s raining very hard.” 他說:“雨下得很大?!?BR> →He said that it was raining very hard. 他說雨下得很大。
Jim said, “I can speak Chinese.” 吉姆說:“我會講漢語?!?BR> →Jim said that he could speak Chinese. 吉姆說他會講漢語
(1) 若直接引語為客觀真理,則變?yōu)殚g接引語時時態(tài)不變:
He said, “The sun rises in the east.” 他說:“太陽從東方升起?!?BR> →He said that the sun rises in the east. 他說太陽從東方升起。
(2) 有時由于直接引語有特定的過去時間狀語,變?yōu)殚g接引語時時態(tài)也可不變:
He said, “ was born in 1988.” 說:“我是1988年生的?!?BR> →He said that he was born in 1988. 他說他是1988年生的。
2. 時間狀語的變化
直接引語變間接引語時,有些時間狀語根據(jù)情況也要相應(yīng)的改動:如將now改為then,將today 改為that day,將tonight改為that night,將yesterday改為the day before,將this month改為that month,將last week改為the week before,將three years ago改為three years before,將tomorrow改為the next day,將next year改為the next year,等等:
He said, “I’m very busy now.” 他說:“我現(xiàn)在很忙?!?BR> →He said that he was very busy then. 他說他當(dāng)時很忙。
He said, “I want to leave today.” 他說:“他想今天離開。”
→He said that he wanted to leave that day. 他說他想那天就離開。
He said, “She left yesterday.” 他說:“她昨天離開了?!?BR> →He said that she had left the day before. 他說她前一天就離開了。
She said, “I’ll tell you tomorrow.” 她說:“我明天告訴你。”
→She said that she would tell me the next day. 她說她第二天告訴我。
以上變化有時應(yīng)視情況而定,若在當(dāng)時轉(zhuǎn)述,now不必改為then;若在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述,today, yesterday, tomorrow等不必改為that day, the day before, the next day等;若在當(dāng)周轉(zhuǎn)述,this week, last week 不必改為that week, the last week;若在當(dāng)年轉(zhuǎn)述,this year, last year 不必改為that year, the last year等。
3. 代詞的變化
在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,有些代詞也要作相應(yīng)的變化,如指示代詞this和these通常變?yōu)閠hat和those。同時人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞等也要根據(jù)具體情況作出合理的調(diào)整:
He said, “This is my seat.” 他說:“這是我的座位。”
→He said that that was his seat. 他說那是他的座位。
“I can look after myself.” she said. 她說:“我能照顧自己。”
→She said that she could look after herself. 她說他能照顧自己。
若場所和地點(diǎn)不發(fā)生改變,this和that也可以不變。
4. 地點(diǎn)狀語的變化
主要涉及的地點(diǎn)狀語是here,它在間接引語中通常要變?yōu)閠here:
“I live here now.” he said. 他說:“我現(xiàn)在住在這里?!?BR> →He said that he lived there then. 他說他當(dāng)時住在那兒。
若在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述,則here也可不必改為there。
5. 動詞的變化
直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,有個別動詞也可能需要改變,如come改為go,bring改為take等:
“He will come today.” she said. 她說:“他今天會來?!?BR> →She said that he would go that day. 她說他那天會去。
若地點(diǎn)和場所未發(fā)生改變,come和bring等也可不變。
1. 時態(tài)的變化
直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,若主句為過去時態(tài),變?yōu)殚g接引語的賓語從句通常要將時態(tài)往后推一個,即:一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時,一般將來時變?yōu)檫^去將來時,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時,現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時,一般過去時也變?yōu)檫^去完成時,等等(若直接引語為過去完成時,變?yōu)殚g接引語可以不變)。另外,若直接引語中有情態(tài)動詞can, may等,也應(yīng)變成過去式could, might等(情態(tài)動詞must可以變?yōu)閔ad to,也可不變,should, ought to, had better 等可以不變):
“I want to stay here.” he said. 他說:“我想留在這兒?!?BR> →He said that he wanted to stay there. 他說他想留在那兒。
She said, “It’s raining very hard.” 他說:“雨下得很大?!?BR> →He said that it was raining very hard. 他說雨下得很大。
Jim said, “I can speak Chinese.” 吉姆說:“我會講漢語?!?BR> →Jim said that he could speak Chinese. 吉姆說他會講漢語
(1) 若直接引語為客觀真理,則變?yōu)殚g接引語時時態(tài)不變:
He said, “The sun rises in the east.” 他說:“太陽從東方升起?!?BR> →He said that the sun rises in the east. 他說太陽從東方升起。
(2) 有時由于直接引語有特定的過去時間狀語,變?yōu)殚g接引語時時態(tài)也可不變:
He said, “ was born in 1988.” 說:“我是1988年生的?!?BR> →He said that he was born in 1988. 他說他是1988年生的。
2. 時間狀語的變化
直接引語變間接引語時,有些時間狀語根據(jù)情況也要相應(yīng)的改動:如將now改為then,將today 改為that day,將tonight改為that night,將yesterday改為the day before,將this month改為that month,將last week改為the week before,將three years ago改為three years before,將tomorrow改為the next day,將next year改為the next year,等等:
He said, “I’m very busy now.” 他說:“我現(xiàn)在很忙?!?BR> →He said that he was very busy then. 他說他當(dāng)時很忙。
He said, “I want to leave today.” 他說:“他想今天離開。”
→He said that he wanted to leave that day. 他說他想那天就離開。
He said, “She left yesterday.” 他說:“她昨天離開了?!?BR> →He said that she had left the day before. 他說她前一天就離開了。
She said, “I’ll tell you tomorrow.” 她說:“我明天告訴你。”
→She said that she would tell me the next day. 她說她第二天告訴我。
以上變化有時應(yīng)視情況而定,若在當(dāng)時轉(zhuǎn)述,now不必改為then;若在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述,today, yesterday, tomorrow等不必改為that day, the day before, the next day等;若在當(dāng)周轉(zhuǎn)述,this week, last week 不必改為that week, the last week;若在當(dāng)年轉(zhuǎn)述,this year, last year 不必改為that year, the last year等。
3. 代詞的變化
在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,有些代詞也要作相應(yīng)的變化,如指示代詞this和these通常變?yōu)閠hat和those。同時人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞等也要根據(jù)具體情況作出合理的調(diào)整:
He said, “This is my seat.” 他說:“這是我的座位。”
→He said that that was his seat. 他說那是他的座位。
“I can look after myself.” she said. 她說:“我能照顧自己。”
→She said that she could look after herself. 她說他能照顧自己。
若場所和地點(diǎn)不發(fā)生改變,this和that也可以不變。
4. 地點(diǎn)狀語的變化
主要涉及的地點(diǎn)狀語是here,它在間接引語中通常要變?yōu)閠here:
“I live here now.” he said. 他說:“我現(xiàn)在住在這里?!?BR> →He said that he lived there then. 他說他當(dāng)時住在那兒。
若在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述,則here也可不必改為there。
5. 動詞的變化
直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,有個別動詞也可能需要改變,如come改為go,bring改為take等:
“He will come today.” she said. 她說:“他今天會來?!?BR> →She said that he would go that day. 她說他那天會去。
若地點(diǎn)和場所未發(fā)生改變,come和bring等也可不變。