英語(yǔ)零基礎(chǔ)學(xué)好新概念:關(guān)系代詞篇

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    世界上最遙遠(yuǎn)的距離不是生與死,而是你說(shuō)英語(yǔ)我卻聽(tīng)不懂!看到別人可以與外國(guó)友人輕松愉快的交流,你不羨慕嗎?心動(dòng)不如行動(dòng)!一起加入學(xué)習(xí)的陣營(yíng)中吧!為您整理了以下內(nèi)容,僅供參考。希望可以幫助到您!如果您想要了解更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容,歡迎關(guān)注!
    一、定義
    所謂關(guān)系代詞,就是指用于引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的代詞。我們之所以把這類代詞叫做關(guān)系代詞,是因?yàn)樗鼈兙哂嘘P(guān)聯(lián)作用,能把所引導(dǎo)的從句與從句所修飾的詞語(yǔ)(即先行詞)聯(lián)系起來(lái)。
    英語(yǔ)中常用的關(guān)系代詞有:which、that、who、whom、whose。根據(jù)這些代詞在句中的句法功能,可以把它們分為主格、賓格和所有格三類,即:
    主格:which、that、who
    賓格:which、that、who、whom
    所有格:whose
    二、用法例解
    (一)which
    which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在從句中既可以作主語(yǔ),也可以做賓語(yǔ)。如:
    Yesterday I lost the book which my English teacher had given me as a birthday gift. (作賓語(yǔ))
    Yesterday I lost the book which had been given to me by my English teacher as a birthday gift. (作主語(yǔ))
    【注意】
    1、當(dāng)which在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可以省略。如:
    Yesterday I lost the book my English teacher had given me as a birthday gift.2、which也可以用來(lái)連接非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。如:
    Yesterday I left Alice Springs, which is a small town in the center of Australia.3、which可以與介詞一起使用,在從句中作狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞。如:
    Yesterday I left Alice Springs, in which there is a big desert park.句中的in which就相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞where,可以用where來(lái)替換。
    (二)that
    that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在從句中既可以作主語(yǔ),也可以作賓語(yǔ)。如:
    This is the dictionary that has helped me a lot in my English study. (作主語(yǔ))
    This is the dictionary that you are looking for. (作賓語(yǔ))【注意】
    1、當(dāng)that在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),經(jīng)??梢杂脀hich來(lái)替換。如:
    This is the dictionary which has helped me a lot in my English study.但也有很多情況只能用that,之后我會(huì)在專門(mén)分享定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候再跟大家詳細(xì)梳理。
    2、當(dāng)that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),也可以用which來(lái)替換,而且經(jīng)常會(huì)省略。如:
    This is the dictionary you are looking for.不過(guò),跟that作主語(yǔ)的情況一樣,也有很多情況下,關(guān)系代詞只能that,不能用which的下次再作詳細(xì)分享。
    3、that不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。如:
    錯(cuò)誤:This is the dictionary, that cost me five dollars.句中的that要改為which。
    (三)who
    who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在從句中一般作主語(yǔ)。如:
    He is the man who called me four times yesterday.【注意】
    1、who有時(shí)也會(huì)在從句中作賓語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于whom。如:
    He is the man who you talked about yesterday.句中的who其實(shí)是作about的賓語(yǔ),可以省略。
    但是,如果在介詞后面,則必須用whom。我們之后再分享定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容時(shí),會(huì)再詳細(xì)講解,在此不做贅述。
    2、who也能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。如:
    His brother, who is a teacher, is always kind to others.
    (四)whom
    whom是who的賓格形式,在定語(yǔ)從句中只能作賓語(yǔ)。如:
    She is the woman whom I served just now.
    句中的whom因?yàn)槭亲髻e語(yǔ)的,所以可以省略。
    【注意】
    1、如果whom緊跟在介詞后面,則不能省略。如:
    She is the woman to whom I talked just now.2、whom也可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。如:
    The doctor, whom you admire, will visit our hospital tomorrow.
    (五)whose
    因?yàn)閣hose是所有格形式,表示所屬關(guān)系,所以在實(shí)際使用中,whose后面會(huì)緊跟一個(gè)名詞,才能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如:
    She lives in a room whose window opens to the north.【注意】
    “whose+名詞”也可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。如:
    The driver, whose back was badly injured, was sent to the hospital nearby at once.