新概念英語第二冊:第31課課文詳解及語法解析

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新概念英語文章短小精悍,語句幽默詼諧,語法全面系統(tǒng)。適合各個階層的人群學(xué)習(xí)參考。相信有了新概念英語,你也可以成為“大神”級別的人物!還在等什么?快來加入學(xué)習(xí)吧!小編與您一起學(xué)習(xí)進步!
    課文詳注 Further notes on the text
    1.Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company,
    but as a boy he used to work in a small shop.
    在退休前,弗蘭克是一家非常大的商業(yè)公司的經(jīng)理,但他小時侯卻在一家小鋪里做工。
    (1)head在此處的意思不是人或動物的“頭部”,而是“首領(lǐng)”、“頭目”,一般出現(xiàn)在“the head of +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中:
    John is the head of the family.
    約翰是一家之主。
    Frank is the head of that firm.
    弗蘭克是那家公司的總裁。
    (2) as在這里為介詞,表不“當(dāng)……時”,as a boy相當(dāng)于 as he was a boy。
    2.It was his job to repair bicycles…他那時的工作是修理自行車……
    it為“先行主語”,句子的真正主語為to repair bicycles。
    3.He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his
    own. 他靠多年積蓄,于1958年買下了自己的一個小鋪子。
    (1)for years表示“許多年”。
    (2)of one's own為固定短語,表示“自己的”、“屬于自己的”,own為代詞:
    He wanted a room of his own.
    他想要一個自己的房間。
    Do you have a house of your own?
    你有自己的房子嗎?
    4.in one's twenties,(在某人)二十多歲的時候。
    one's
    twenties/thirties/forties…,二十多歲/三十多歲/四十多歲……10的倍數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用于表達近似的、非確定的數(shù)量,與所有格形容詞(my等)連用時表示大約的年齡:
    My aunt Jennifer is in her late thirties/early forties, but she often
    appears on the stage as a young girl.
    我的姑媽詹妮弗已接近四十歲/四十出頭,但她卻常在舞臺上扮演小姑娘。
    5.Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to
    success. 弗蘭克回想著他早年的艱難經(jīng)歷和走過的漫長的成功之路,微笑了。
    (1)hard意思很多,在這里指“艱難的”、“困苦的”:
    She lived a hard life in those years.
    那些年她的生活很艱難。
    (2)one's early years指某人的早年(生活),意義相近的表達方式為early in one's life。
    (3) the long road to
    success是一種比喻的說法,因為success是抽象名詞。to在這里表示方向、目的地,意義為“朝”、“往”、“向”等,這個短語的字面意義為“通向成功的漫漫長路”。
    語法 Grammar in use
    1.過去進行時與一般過去時
    在第7課的語法中我們學(xué)習(xí)了過去進行時。它主要表示過去某個時刻或某段時間正在進行的動作,和一般過去時經(jīng)常在一個句子里使用。與一般過去時相比,它更強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性,一般過去時則表示比較短暫的動作或事件。在敘述故事時,過去進行時往往用來表示背景:
    Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a
    young man.
    昨天下午弗蘭克·霍金斯向我講述了他年輕時的經(jīng)歷。
    He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
    他正笑著的時候門開了,他的妻子走了進來。
    Last Sunday, I went and sat on the river bank as usual.
    Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people
    rowing on the river.
    上星期天,我和往常一樣,又去河邊坐著。河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍,河面上有些人正在劃船。(過去進行時描述背景)
    比較典型的表示過去正在進行的動作的表達方式如:
    What were you doing at two o'clock?I was looking for you everywhere.
    兩點鐘時你在干什么?我到處找你。
    I was fishing.
    我那時在釣魚。
    2.used to do
    我們用used to do表示過去有過但現(xiàn)在已不存在的習(xí)慣,以便將過去與現(xiàn)在形成對照。它后面經(jīng)常用由but now…,but not…any
    more/any longer等構(gòu)成的、用了一般現(xiàn)在時的句子以強調(diào)過去和現(xiàn)在的不同之處。
    I used to smoke, but I don't any more/any longer.我過去常吸煙,但現(xiàn)在已不吸了。
    He used to be a lazy boy, but now he is very
    hard-working.他過去是個懶孩子,但現(xiàn)在他很勤奮。
    used to僅用于一般過去時。它的疑問句和否定句形式可以不用助動詞do而用used本身:
    Used he to smoke?
    他過去吸煙嗎?
    He usedn't / used not to smoke.
    他從前并不吸煙。
    但比較常用的形式是did和didn't:
    Did he use to smoke?
    他過去吸煙嗎?
    He didn't use to smoke.
    他從前不吸煙。
    在針對used to提間時,一般也用did:
    I used to be a good swimmer.
    我過去是個游泳好手。
    Did you really?I didn't even know you could swim.
    真約嗎?我以前甚至不知道你會游泳。