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在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一些初學(xué)者常碰到大量易混淆的同義詞，下面就幾組常用的動(dòng)詞加以比較。
1. rise，raise，arise，arouse
“rise” 是不及物動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式為rose，過(guò)去分詞為risen，其基本詞義“上升，上漲”。
● The sun rises in the east.
● A good idea rose in my mind. “raise” 是及物規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，“舉起，提高”。
● He raised his voice to make himself heard.
● The boy can raise the heavy stone.
“arise”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式為arose，過(guò)去分詞arisen，其語(yǔ)義為“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生” 。
● His curiosity arose due to the question his mother asked.
“arouse”是及物動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為aroused，其語(yǔ)義為“喚醒，引起”
arouse somebody from sleep 把某人喚醒
arouse suspicion 引起懷疑
2. lay，lie，lie
“l(fā)ay”及物動(dòng)詞，“放置，生蛋”，過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞為 “l(fā)aid”
I've laid the book on the self.
The hen lays an egg every day.
“l(fā)ie”不及物動(dòng)詞“位于，平躺”，過(guò)去式為“l(fā)ay”過(guò)去分詞 “l(fā)ain”
He lay on the floor and slept soundly.
Beijing lies in the north of China.
“l(fā)ie”及物動(dòng)詞“說(shuō)謊”，它是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。
He lied to his teacher.
3. sit，seat
“sit”不及物動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞均為 “sat”。
He sat in the classroom reading newspaper.
“seat”及物動(dòng)詞，“使就坐”“容納”。
He seats himself here.
He is seated there.
He seats the baby on his knees.
The hall will seat 5000 people.
4. affect，effect
“affect” 及物動(dòng)詞，“對(duì)……有影響，感動(dòng)，觸及”
The relations between then will be affected.
“effect” 及物動(dòng)詞， “導(dǎo)致，造成，帶來(lái)(變化)，產(chǎn)生”
The changes in methods effected some improvement in his study.
5. hang (hanged, hanged) / (hung, hung)
當(dāng) hang過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞為 “hanged”，其含義是“絞死”;而當(dāng)hang的過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞為“hung”時(shí)，其含義是“懸掛”。
The man was hanged for murder. He hung his coat on the hook.
6. borrow，lend “borrow”借入 “borrow sth. from ...”
“l(fā)end”(lent, lent) 借出 “l(fā)end sb. sth” 或 “l(fā)end sth. To sb.”
7. take，bring，fetch
“take”(took, taken) 及物動(dòng)詞“拿走”
在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一些初學(xué)者常碰到大量易混淆的同義詞，下面就幾組常用的動(dòng)詞加以比較。
1. rise，raise，arise，arouse
“rise” 是不及物動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式為rose，過(guò)去分詞為risen，其基本詞義“上升，上漲”。
● The sun rises in the east.
● A good idea rose in my mind. “raise” 是及物規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，“舉起，提高”。
● He raised his voice to make himself heard.
● The boy can raise the heavy stone.
“arise”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式為arose，過(guò)去分詞arisen，其語(yǔ)義為“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生” 。
● His curiosity arose due to the question his mother asked.
“arouse”是及物動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為aroused，其語(yǔ)義為“喚醒，引起”
arouse somebody from sleep 把某人喚醒
arouse suspicion 引起懷疑
2. lay，lie，lie
“l(fā)ay”及物動(dòng)詞，“放置，生蛋”，過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞為 “l(fā)aid”
I've laid the book on the self.
The hen lays an egg every day.
“l(fā)ie”不及物動(dòng)詞“位于，平躺”，過(guò)去式為“l(fā)ay”過(guò)去分詞 “l(fā)ain”
He lay on the floor and slept soundly.
Beijing lies in the north of China.
“l(fā)ie”及物動(dòng)詞“說(shuō)謊”，它是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。
He lied to his teacher.
3. sit，seat
“sit”不及物動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞均為 “sat”。
He sat in the classroom reading newspaper.
“seat”及物動(dòng)詞，“使就坐”“容納”。
He seats himself here.
He is seated there.
He seats the baby on his knees.
The hall will seat 5000 people.
4. affect，effect
“affect” 及物動(dòng)詞，“對(duì)……有影響，感動(dòng)，觸及”
The relations between then will be affected.
“effect” 及物動(dòng)詞， “導(dǎo)致，造成，帶來(lái)(變化)，產(chǎn)生”
The changes in methods effected some improvement in his study.
5. hang (hanged, hanged) / (hung, hung)
當(dāng) hang過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞為 “hanged”，其含義是“絞死”;而當(dāng)hang的過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞為“hung”時(shí)，其含義是“懸掛”。
The man was hanged for murder. He hung his coat on the hook.
6. borrow，lend “borrow”借入 “borrow sth. from ...”
“l(fā)end”(lent, lent) 借出 “l(fā)end sb. sth” 或 “l(fā)end sth. To sb.”
7. take，bring，fetch
“take”(took, taken) 及物動(dòng)詞“拿走”