學(xué)習(xí)，是每個(gè)學(xué)生每天都在做的事情，學(xué)生們從學(xué)習(xí)中獲得大量的知識(shí)，但是，如果問(wèn)起他們?yōu)槭裁匆獙W(xué)習(xí)？為誰(shuí)而學(xué)習(xí)？估計(jì)大多數(shù)學(xué)生都不知怎么回答，當(dāng)你問(wèn)一個(gè)高材生為什么讓讀書(shū)時(shí)，他也許會(huì)說(shuō)為了不讓別人看不起；當(dāng)你問(wèn)起一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)一般的學(xué)生，他也許會(huì)說(shuō)為了不被父母責(zé)罵，也有可能會(huì)說(shuō)為了不讓父母失望；當(dāng)你問(wèn)起一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)不理想的學(xué)生，他有可能會(huì)說(shuō)考得好可以得到父母的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)…… 祝你學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)步！以下是為您整理的《初三上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納總結(jié)》，供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考。
1.初三上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納總結(jié) 篇一
1、垂懸分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)，如：
Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen.
這句子里的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)(present participial phrase)修飾主語(yǔ)“several boars”是錯(cuò)的;改正方法有二：
(a)確定是邏輯主語(yǔ)，使句子變成“Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw several boars.”
(b)把現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)擴(kuò)大為副詞分句(也稱(chēng)狀語(yǔ)從句)：“When the explorers climbed up the hill, they saw several boars/ several boars were seen.”
2、垂懸副詞短語(yǔ)，如：
After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.
這句的副詞短語(yǔ)(adverb phrase)和主語(yǔ)“the fish”有什么邏輯關(guān)系呢?真正的'邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才對(duì)。改正方法和例①同：
(a) After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fisherman found that the fish began to bite.
(b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.
3、垂懸不定式動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，如：
To write well, a lot of practice is needed.
To be a loyal employee, a sense of belonging is a must.
這兩個(gè)句子的不定式動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(infinitive phrases)并不能修飾“practice”和“a sense of belonging”，真正的主語(yǔ)必須是“ 人”，如：
(a) To write well, one needs a lot of practice/a person has to practise a lot.
(b) To be a loyal employee, he or she must have a sense of belonging.
上述三類(lèi)垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一類(lèi)發(fā)生的頻率，必須注意。但是在下列三種情況下，分詞短語(yǔ)是對(duì)的，它們并非垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)：
第一，獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)(The Absolute Construction，見(jiàn)3月7日《中英合談》)中的分詞短語(yǔ)有自己的主語(yǔ)，所以不是垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
Such being the case, we can go home now./……it is not wrong to call it a day.
第二，當(dāng)分詞含有介詞或連詞性質(zhì)時(shí)，它不需要邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以沒(méi)有垂懸問(wèn)題存在。例如：
Owing to a lack of funds, the project has to be discontinued.
Provided that there is sufficient time, everyone can do the job better.
第三，當(dāng)分詞短語(yǔ)是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)者的態(tài)度或意見(jiàn)時(shí)，也不需要邏輯主語(yǔ)，因此也不存在著垂懸問(wèn)題。例如：
Judging from his facial look, the news must have been terrible.
Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong with the logic behind that idea.
2.初三上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納總結(jié) 篇二
不定冠詞的用法
冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨(dú)使用，也沒(méi)有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。英語(yǔ)中的冠詞有三種，一種是定冠詞（the Definite Article），另一種是不定冠詞（the Indefinite Article），還有一種是零冠詞（Zero Article）。
不定冠詞a (an)與數(shù)詞one 同源，是"一個(gè)"的意思。a用于輔音音素前，一般讀作[e]，而an則用于元音音素前，一般讀做[en]。
1) 表示"一個(gè)"，意為one；指某人或某物，意為a certain。
A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 2) 代表一類(lèi)人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer.
3) 詞組或成語(yǔ)。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden
定冠詞的用法
定冠詞the與指示代詞this，that同源，有"那（這）個(gè)"的意思，但較弱，可以和一個(gè)名詞連用，來(lái)表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。
1）特指雙方都明白的人或物：Take the medicine. 把藥吃了。
2）上文提到過(guò)的人或事： He bought a house. I've been to the house.
他買(mǎi)了幢房子。我去過(guò)那幢房子。
3）指世上獨(dú)一物二的事物：the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth
4）單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類(lèi)事物，如：the dollar 美元;
the fox 狐貍；或與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類(lèi)人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。
5）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞級(jí)，及形容詞only， very， same等前面：
Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二層。
That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的東西。
3.初三上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納總結(jié) 篇三
形容詞的位置
(1)形容詞作定語(yǔ)一般要放在名詞前面，但當(dāng)形容詞修飾不定代詞something，nothing，anything時(shí)要放在所修飾的不定代詞之后。如：something important，nothing serious。
(2)當(dāng)形容詞帶有表示度量的詞或詞組作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)要后置。如：
We have dug a hole two meters deep.
The hole is about two metres deep.
形容詞的比較等級(jí)
單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，在詞尾加—(e)r，—(e)st來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和級(jí)。其他雙音節(jié)
詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more，most來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和級(jí)。如：
popular———more popular———most popular
important—more important—most important
副詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成
(1) 單音節(jié)副詞和個(gè)別雙音節(jié)副詞通過(guò)加-er，-est來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和級(jí)。
(2) 絕大多數(shù)副詞借助more，most來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和級(jí)。
(3) 少數(shù)副詞的不規(guī)則變化：
原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 級(jí)
well —— better —— best
badly —— worse —— worst
much —— more —— most
little —— less —— least
far —— farther —— farthest
farthest furthest
late —— later —— latest
(4) 副詞的級(jí)前面可以不加定冠詞the。
(5) 常用句型有l(wèi)ike A better than B和like A(the)best of(in)…
其余變化和形容詞類(lèi)似。
4.初三上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納總結(jié) 篇四
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法
1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻腮度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： every?, sometimes, at?, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客觀(guān)真理，客觀(guān)存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái) ?BR> 注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。
I don’t want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀(guān)狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法
1）在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now?
2）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3）句型：
It is time for sb. to do sth "到??時(shí)間了" "該??了"
It is time sb. did sth. "時(shí)間已遲了" "早該??了"
It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺(jué)了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺(jué)了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示’寧愿某人做某事’
I’d rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過(guò)去時(shí)，作試探性的詢(xún)問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等。
I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較：
一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
5.初三上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納總結(jié) 篇五
“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)有何功用呢?其主要功用有下列五種：
⑴當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，如：
When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
Where to live is a problem.
How to cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussion topic.
⑵當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，如：
We must know what to say at a meeting.
He could not tell whom to trust.
Do you know how to play bridge?
⑶當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如：
The problem is where to find the financial aid.
The question is who to elect.
⑷當(dāng)名詞同位語(yǔ)，如：
Tom had no idea which book to read first.
Do you have a rough impression how to do it?
⑸當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如：
Jim is not sure whose to choose.
Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not.
適用于“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式動(dòng)詞”的動(dòng)詞包括：“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder, understand”等。
有點(diǎn)值得特別注意的是：當(dāng)這結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的作用等于名詞分句，例如：
I could not decide which dictonary to buy. / I could not decide which dictionary I should buy.
Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher.
有些動(dòng)詞，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等，可以先有個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，然后才接著加上適當(dāng)?shù)摹耙蓡?wèn)詞+不定式動(dòng)詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
The chief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the machine.
Have you told him where to get the application form?