德國的海德堡大學創(chuàng)立于1386年，是德國最古老的一所大學，每年都吸引著大批的外國學生前來求學，跟著出國留學網一起來了解下德國海德堡大學基本概況吧，歡迎閱讀。
一、關于海德堡大學
Founded in 1386, Heidelberg University, a state university of BadenWürttemberg, is Germany’s oldest university. In continuing its timehonoured tradition as a research university of international standing the Ruprecht-Karls-University’s mission is guided by the following principles:
Firmly rooted in its history, the University is committed to expanding and disseminating our knowledge about all aspects of humanity and nature through research and education. The University upholds the principle of freedom of research and education, acknowledging its responsibility to humanity, society, and nature.According to its motto ?Semper apertus? (?Always open?) Heidelberg University, in a spirit of open-mindedness and tolerance towardindividuals and ideas, aspires to generate and harness knowledge and skills for the benefit of today’s and future generations.Heidelberg University’s identity as a comprehensive university has grown out of its academic history, its commitment to the present, and its role in shaping the future. The research and educational efforts of the university are devoted to pursuing the central questionsconfronting humanity, concentrating on fundamental research and its application, and empowering Heidelberg’s students to participatein this scientific and academic endeavour at an early stage.The disciplines taught at Heidelberg University encompass the humanities, the social sciences, law, natural sciences, and the life sciences, including medicine.
The tasks of a comprehensive university are to advance outstanding individual disciplines, cross-linking them and addressing issues at the highest scholarly level;to create and safeguard the conditions for comprehensive, interdisciplinary collaboration that will make possible essential contributions toward the solution of major issues facing humanity, society, and government in an increasingly changing world;to make research results available to society and encourage their utilisation in all sectors of public life.Students, researchers, teachers, technical staff, and administrative personnel form an integral part of the university. Heidelberg University is a self-governing institution committed to the principles of good academic practice.Heidelberg University connects the knowledge and expertise of its members across generations. It is dedicated to systematically advancing the careers of young scholars and scientists, offers established academics ample opportunity for independent research, and assures the continued presence of outstanding emeriti by conferring on them the rank of senior professors. This alliance of knowledge provides an excellent foundation for the identification and dedicated pursuit of new research questions. The University is thus ideally positioned to meet future challenges with an appropriate degree of flexibility.
The intricate connection between research and teaching provides for an education that is academic, practical, and continuous.Heidelberg University is committed to providing equal opportunity for men and women, to ensuring the compatibility of professional work and family, and to upholding the principle of diversity and equality both within and outside the bounds of the University.Heidelberg University will strengthen and extend its cooperation with non-university research institutions.Heidelberg University intends to further cultivate its contacts with former students and graduates, friends and supporters, as well as its partners in business and industry to attract additional encouragement and support.Heidelberg University’s international orientation is a long-standing tradition. Occupying a leading position in Germany and in Europe, the University is committed to providing its global competitiveness. It will continue to increase its attractiveness for outstanding international scholars and students and to expand its international networks in order to provide both junior researchers and senior faculty with the best possible opportunities for further qualification and advancement.
德國最古老的大學成立于1386年，是巴登符騰堡州立大學海德堡大學。魯伯勒 - 卡爾斯大學的使命是繼續(xù)作為國際知名研究型大學繼續(xù)悠閑的傳統(tǒng)，遵循以下原則：
大學堅持扎根于歷史，致力于通過研究和教育擴大和傳播我們關于人性和自然的各個方面的知識。大學堅持研究和教育自由原則，承認對人類，社會和自然的責任。根據(jù)其座右銘“Semper apertus”(“始終開放”)海德堡大學本著對個人和思想的開放思想和寬容的精神，渴望產生和利用知識和技能，造福于今世后代。海德堡大學作為一所綜合性大學的身份已經脫離了學術史，其對現(xiàn)在的承諾及其在塑造未來的作用。大學的研究和教育工作致力于追求人性化的核心問題，著眼于基礎研究及其應用，賦予海德堡學生早日參與科學和學術工作的能力。海德堡大學教授的學科包括人文科學，社會科學，法律，自然科學和生命科學，包括醫(yī)學。
綜合性大學的任務是，推進優(yōu)秀個人紀律，交叉關系，以最高學術水平解決問題;創(chuàng)造和維護全面，跨學科合作的條件，為解決人類，社會和政府在日益變化的世界中面臨的重大問題做出重要貢獻;為社會提供研究成果，鼓勵他們在公共生活的各個領域得到應用。學生，研究人員，教師，技術人員和行政人員是大學的組成部分。海德堡大學是一個致力于良好學術實踐原則的自治機構。海德堡大學將其成員的知識和專業(yè)知識連接起來。致力于系統(tǒng)地推進青年學者和科學家的職業(yè)發(fā)展，為學術界提供了獨立研究的充足機會，并通過授予高級教授等級，保證了優(yōu)秀人才的持續(xù)存在。這種知識聯(lián)盟為識別和追求新的研究問題提供了良好的基礎。因此，大學理想地適應未來的挑戰(zhàn)，并具有適度的靈活性。研究與教學之間的復雜聯(lián)系提供了一種學術，實踐和持續(xù)的教育。海德堡大學致力于為男女提供平等機會，確保專業(yè)工作與家庭的兼容，堅持大學內外的多樣性和平等原則。海德堡大學將加強和擴大與非大學研究機構的合作。海德堡大學打算進一步培養(yǎng)與前學生，畢業(yè)生，朋友和支持者及其在商業(yè)和工業(yè)界的合作伙伴的聯(lián)系，以吸引更多的鼓勵和支持。海德堡大學的國際導向是一個長期的傳統(tǒng)。該大學在德國和歐洲處于領先地位，致力于提供全球競爭力。將繼續(xù)提高優(yōu)秀國際學者和學生的吸引力，擴大國際網絡，為初中研究人員和高級教師提供進一步資格和進步的最佳機會。
二、歷史沿革
1385/1386 – Founding：On 23 October 1385, Pope Urban VI approves the founding of the university in Heidelberg by Elector Palatine Rupert I. Instruction begins a year later on 18 October 1386 in three faculties: theology, jurisprudence and philosophy. Medicine follows two years later in 1388. The first rector is Marsilius von Inghen of the Netherlands; the first professors come from Paris and Prague.
1556-1617 – First Golden Age：After assuming power in 1556, Elector Palatine Otto Henry converts the university into a reformed protestant institution and in 1558 establishes new statutes that remain largely in force until 1786. The university enjoys a period of great prosperity. Esteemed as a centre of the European sciences and culture, the university's international appeal draws professors and students from all over Europe.
1618-1652 – Destruction and Reopening：The university is hit hard by the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648). Teaching is suspended several times. In 1623, the Bibliotheca Palatina, one of the most valuable collections of German manuscripts of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age, is carted to Rome in reparation for the war. The university reopens in 1652.
1688-1800 – Decline：The university’s arduous comeback after the Thirty Years’ War shatters with the complete destruction of Heidelberg by the troops of King Louis XIV in the Palatine War of Succession (1688-1697). The university remains closed until 1703. Finally, in 1712, the cornerstone is laid for a new university building, today's Old University. For numerous reasons, not the least of which is financial mismanagement, the university experiences a period of decline through the end of the century.
1803-1900 – Second Golden Age：In 1803 the university is acquired by Baden and reorganised as a state-financed academy following an edict of Charles Frederick of Baden (pictured). In 1805 it is named Ruperto Carola – a combination of the name of the university’s founder Rupert and Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden. As a cosmopolitan and liberal university, Heidelberg enjoys its second golden age during the 19th century. Through the work of Robert Bunsen, Gustav Kirchhoff and Hermann Helmholtz, the natural sciences in particular reach a zenith.
1900-1923 – Women Admitted to Heidelberg University：Around the turn of the century, the Baden state government permits women to enter the university for the first time. In April of 1900, Georgine Sexauer from Karlsruhe is the first female student to enter her name in the Matriculation Register of Ruperto Carola. Finally, in the year 1923, Gertrud von Ubisch (pictured) is the first woman to receive her professorship in Heidelberg.
1933-1945 – Decline during the National Socialist Era：With the rise to power of the National Socialists, 59 of 214 Heidelberg academics are expelled and disenfranchised for “racial” or “political” reasons. In a move that symbolises the malevolence of the period, the sculpture of Athena and the inscription “Dem lebendigen Geist” (To the Living Spirit) are removed from above the portal of the New University in 1936. They are replaced with an oversized eagle and the words “Dem deutschen Geist” (To the German Spirit).
1946-1967 – Reopening and Expansion：After the end of the war, instruction resumes gradually. The first rector of the post-war period is the surgeon Karl Heinrich Bauer. The university now begins to spread out over three campuses: in the Old Town (humanities), in Bergheim (medicine), and, beginning in the 1960s, in Neuenheimer Feld (natural sciences, medicine).
1968-1974 – Overcrowded University and Student Riots：This period is characterised by increasing student numbers and a progressive differentiation of the disciplines. After the student riots that marked this era, the university is given a new basic order in 1969. The five faculties are temporarily divided into sixteen (the number is reduced to twelve in 2002).
Since 2006 – University of Excellence：Heidelberg University is successful with all six proposals in both funding phases of the Excellence Initiative 2006/2007 and 2012. It receives funding for three graduate schools, two Clusters of Excellence and its Institutional Strategy "Heidelberg: Realising the Potential of a Comprehensive University".
海德堡大學：625年 - 簡要年表
1385/1386 - 成立：1385年10月23日，教皇城市VI批準了由選民帕拉丁·魯珀特一世在海德堡成立大學。指導在一年后的1386年10月18日開始，在三個學院：神學院，判例學院和哲學學院。醫(yī)學在1388年兩年后出現(xiàn)。第一位校長是荷蘭的Marsilius von Inghen; 第一位教授來自巴黎和布拉格。
1556-1617 - 第一個黃金時代：在1556年執(zhí)政后，選民帕特琳·奧托·亨利將大學改造成為一個改革的新教徒機構，1558年制定了新的法規(guī)，直到1786年才有效。大學享有繁榮昌盛的時期。作為歐洲科學和文化的中心，大學的國際魅力吸引了來自歐洲各地的教授和學生。
1618-1652 - 破壞和重新打開：三十年來，這所大學受到打擊(1618-1648)。教學暫停多次。1623年，作為中世紀和早期現(xiàn)代時代德國手稿最有價值的收藏品之一的書本布列塔尼被提供給羅馬，為戰(zhàn)爭作出賠償。大學在1652年重新開放。
1688-1800 - 衰退：三十年戰(zhàn)爭后，大學的艱巨復蘇打破了路易十四國王繼承巴勒斯坦繼承之戰(zhàn)(1688-1697)徹底破壞海得堡的局面。大學直到1703年才關閉。最后，在1712年，今天的舊大學建立了一座新的大學建筑。由于無數(shù)理由，其中最不重要的是財務管理不善，到本世紀末，大學經歷了一段衰落時期。
1803-1900 - 第二個黃金時代：在1803年，大學被巴登收購，并按照巴登的查爾斯·弗雷德里克(Charles Frederick)的法令重組為國家資助的學院。在1805年，它被命名為魯珀羅卡羅拉 - 大學的創(chuàng)始人魯珀特和查爾斯·弗雷德里克，巴登大公的名稱的組合。海德堡作為一個國際化和自由的大學，在十九世紀享有第二個黃金時代。通過Robert Bunsen，Gustav Kirchhoff和Hermann Helmholtz的工作，自然科學尤其達到頂峰。
1900-1923 - 海德堡大學開始接受女性進入大學就讀：在世紀之交，巴登州政府首次允許女性進入大學。1900年4月，卡爾斯魯厄的Georgine Sexauer是第一位在魯珀托·卡羅拉(Ruperto Carola)入學登記冊中輸入她名字的女學生。最后，在1923年，Gertrud von Ubisch(圖)是在海德堡接受教授的第一個女性。
1933 - 1945年 - 國家社會主義時代的衰落：隨著國家社會黨人力量的興起，海德堡的214位學者中有59人因“種族”或“政治”原因被驅逐和剝奪了權利。在象征這個時期的惡毒的舉動中，雅典娜的雕塑和題為“Dem lebendigen Geist”(生活精神)的文字從1936年的新大學門戶上除去。他們被一只超大的老鷹和“德意志帝國”(德國精神)所奪取。
1946-1967 - 重新開放和擴張：戰(zhàn)爭結束后，指令逐漸恢復。戰(zhàn)后時期的第一位負責人是外科醫(yī)生Karl Heinrich Bauer。大學現(xiàn)在開始分布在三個校區(qū)：老城區(qū)(人文學科)，Bergheim(醫(yī)學)，從1960年代開始，在Neuenheimer Feld(自然科學，醫(yī)學))。
1968-1974 - 擁擠的大學和學生騷亂：這個時期的特點是學生人數(shù)增加，學科逐漸分化。在這個時代的學生騷亂之后，大學在1969年獲得了新的基本命令。五個學院暫時分為十六個(2002年減少到十二個)。
2006年以來 - 卓越大學：海德堡大學在2006/2007和2012年卓越計劃的兩個籌資階段都獲得了成功的六項建議。它獲得了三個研究生院的資助，兩個卓越團隊及其體制戰(zhàn)略“海德堡：實現(xiàn)綜合大學的潛力”。
三、教研優(yōu)勢
Excellence Initiative：Three Graduate Schools,,Graduate School of Fundamental Physics,Heidelberg Graduate School of Mathematical and Computational Methods for the Sciences,The Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology.
Two Clusters of Excellence:CellNetworks: From Molecular Mechanisms to Quantitative Understanding of Complex FunctionsAsia and Europe in a Global Context: The Dynamics of Transculturality,Institutional Strategy;Heidelberg: Realising the Potential of a Comprehensive University.
1.卓越計劃
三個研究生院:基礎物理研究科、海德堡科學數(shù)學和計算方法研究生院、Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling國際分子和細胞生物學研究生院。
兩個卓越團隊CellNetworks：從分子機制到定量理解復雜函數(shù);亞洲和歐洲在全球背景下：跨文化的動態(tài)。制度戰(zhàn)略：海德堡，實現(xiàn)綜合大學的潛力。
EU Joint Research Projects：EIT Health，Human Brain Project.
2.歐盟聯(lián)合研究項目：EIT健康、人腦工程。
DFG funded Research Projects (currently running)：22Collaborative Research Cen tres (DFG),10Research Training Groups (DFG),14Research Units (DFG).
3.DFG資助研究項目(目前正在運行)：22合作研究中心、10研究培訓組、14研究單位。
11 Nobel Laureates：The Nobel Prize has been awarded since 1901 for achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and peace. 11 Professors of Heidelberg University have been awarded a Nobel Prize since the award has been established.
19 Leibniz Award Laureates：The Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize of the German Research Foundation is the most prestigious research award in Germany. Nineteen of the recipients were, or still are, researchers at Heidelberg University at the time the prize was awarded.
48 ERC Grants：The European Research Council (ERC) supports out standing scientists in order to advance frontier research and visionary projects and to open up new inter dis ci plin ary fields of knowledge. Among its lines of funding are the ERC Starting Grant, the ERC Consolidator Grant and the ERC Advanced Grant.
3.研究成果
諾貝爾獎得主11人：自1901年以來，諾貝爾獎獲得了物質，化學，醫(yī)學，文學和和平的成就。自從該獎項成立以來，海德堡大學11名教授獲得了諾貝爾獎。
萊布尼茲獎19名獲獎者：德國研究基金會Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz獎是德國最負盛名的研究獎。有19位在獲獎的時候是海德堡大學的研究人員仍然是研究人員。
48 ERC撥款：歐洲研究理事會(ERC)支持杰出的科學家，以推進前沿研究和有遠見的項目，并開辟新的跨學科領域的知識。其資金來源是ERC啟動撥款，ERC合并授權和ERC高級授權。
四、校園環(huán)境
The library;The university library has more than 3 million volumes, including a 14th-century handwritten book.
Accommodation services：For hundreds of years, the university of Heidelberg has grown, and the schoolhouse is all over the city.
Foreign language learning：The university of Heidelberg hopes that the foreign students can reach a certain level of German, so they arrange various seminars for them and cooperate with excellent teachers and teaching equipment.The courses are fully systematic, including German grammar, idiom, writing, discussion, and brief history of Germany, which are popular with foreign students.
Student life：Students enjoy a variety of sports activities in the university, except for ball, track and field events and water sports, and other activities such as skiing, equestrian, western sword, and gymnastics.In addition, the university also has drama, symphony orchestra, choir, media, bridge art, chess...Wait for student clubs.There are 34 fraternity brothers in Heidelberg, most of which were founded in the 19th century. In formal occasions, members wear ribbons and hats, and some fraternities require a sword.From the 19th century to the early 20th century, the brotherhood played an important role in student life, but today students are not popular with clubs.
圖書館：大學圖書館藏書超過300萬冊，其中包括十四世紀出版的一本書。
住宿服務：幾百年來，海德堡大學已經長大，校舍遍布全市的各個角落。
外語學習：海德堡大學希望外國學生可以達到一定的德語水平，所以他們?yōu)樗麄儼才鸥鞣N研討會和優(yōu)秀教師和教學設備的合作。課程全面系統(tǒng)，包括德語語法、成語、寫作、討論和德國的簡要歷史，這些內容都很受國外的學生歡迎。
學生生活：學生享有的各種各樣的大學體育活動，除了球、田徑、水上運動和其他活動，如滑雪、騎馬、西洋劍，和體操。此外，大學也有戲劇，交響樂團、合唱團、藝術媒體、橋梁、象棋…等學生社團。海德堡有34個兄弟會，其中大部分是成立于十九世紀。在正式場合，成員佩戴綬帶和帽子，和一些兄弟會需要一把劍。從第十九世紀到第二十世紀初，兄弟會在學生生活的一個重要的角色，但是今天的學生似乎不太喜歡這樣的形式。
五、知名校友(因為篇幅有限，無法逐一呈現(xiàn)，排名不分先后)
海德堡大學在各學科領域內均有大量杰出校友，例如：神經外科專家卡爾.馮.巴赫曼(Karl von Bachmen)，物理化學學科奠基人吉布斯 (Josiah Willard Gibbs);化學家亥姆赫茲(Hermann von Helmholtz)，本生(Robert Wilhelm Bunsen)，基?；舴?Gustav Robert Kirchhoff)及門捷列夫 (Dmitri Mendeleev);音樂家舒曼(Robert Alexander Schumann);哲學家費爾巴哈(Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach)，黑格爾 (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel);詩人艾興多爾夫(Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff)。作家施皮特勒(Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler);社會學家韋伯 (Maximilian Karl Emil Weber)。
12位在海德堡大學任教期間獲得諾貝爾獎 的教授：
菲力浦·雷納爾德(Philipp Lenard)，因提出電子論和陰極輻射現(xiàn)象榮獲1905年諾貝爾物理學獎。
阿爾布萊希特·考索爾(Albrecht Kossel)，在蛋白質和核酸研究中取得巨大成果獲1910年諾貝爾 生理學醫(yī)學獎。
奧托-弗里茨-麥耶豪夫(Atto Fritz Meyerhof)，研究生物反應鏈取得成果，獲1922年諾貝爾生理學醫(yī)學獎。
里查·柯恩(Richard Kuhn)，研究維他命取得成果，獲1938年諾貝爾化學獎 。
瓦爾特·波特(Walther Bothe)，他發(fā)展了物理學上的重合方法，發(fā)現(xiàn)了電子在光子放射時獲得沖量的方法，和宇宙射線中粒子運動以及核反應時核運動的數(shù)據(jù)，從而獲得1954年諾貝爾物理學獎。
漢斯·丹尼爾·杰生(Hans Daniel Jensen)，因對原子核 核層結構的研究而榮獲1963年諾貝爾物理學獎。
喬治·維蒂希(Georg Witting)，因對自然材料再造研究所取得的成果獲得1979年諾貝爾化學獎。
恩斯特· 彼特斯曼(Ernst Ulrich Petersmann),著名國際經濟法學家，歐洲國際法學會副會長，世界貿易組織法律顧問。海德堡大學法學博士學位，現(xiàn)于歐洲大學研究院任教
伯特·薩克曼(Bert Sakmann),1991年，他與厄溫·內爾一同奪得諾貝爾生理學或醫(yī)學獎。
卡爾·齊格勒(Karl Waldemar Ziegler)在聚合反應催化劑研究方面有很大貢獻，并因此與意大利化學家居里奧·納塔共同獲得1963年諾貝爾化學獎。
哈拉爾德·楚爾·豪森(Harald zur Hausen)，2008年獲諾貝爾生理學或醫(yī)學獎 。
斯特凡·黑爾(Stefan Hell)，2014年，因“研制出超分辨率熒光顯微鏡”，與埃里克·貝齊格、威廉·莫納共同獲得諾貝爾化學獎。
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