2018年美國(guó)最佳醫(yī)學(xué)院排名已經(jīng)出爐，很多同學(xué)都想了解該排名究竟的排名標(biāo)準(zhǔn)究竟是什么?那么跟著出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)來(lái)一起了解一下2018年QS美國(guó)最佳醫(yī)學(xué)院排名標(biāo)準(zhǔn)介紹吧，歡迎閱讀。
For the U.S. News rankings of the Best Medical Schools for Research, the 140 medical schools fully accredited in 2016 by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education and the 30 schools of osteopathic medicine fully accredited in 2016 by the American Osteopathic Association were surveyed in fall 2016 and early 2017. Of those schools, 118 responded and provided the data needed to calculate the rankings based on the indicators used in the medical school research model.The same 170 medical schools were surveyed at the same time for the primary care rankings, and the same 118 schools provided the data needed to calculate those rankings.
U.S. News最佳研究生醫(yī)學(xué)院排名，是在2016年秋季和2016年初調(diào)查了2016年完全認(rèn)可的140所醫(yī)學(xué)院教育聯(lián)絡(luò)委員會(huì)和骨科醫(yī)學(xué)的30所學(xué)校充分認(rèn)可2016年美國(guó)骨科協(xié)會(huì)之后而得出的相應(yīng)的排名。在我們調(diào)查的學(xué)校中，有118家做出了回應(yīng)，并提供了根據(jù)醫(yī)學(xué)院研究模型所使用的指標(biāo)來(lái)計(jì)算排名所需的數(shù)據(jù)。同時(shí)對(duì)170所醫(yī)學(xué)院進(jìn)行了初級(jí)保健排名的調(diào)查，118所學(xué)校提供了計(jì)算這些排名所需的數(shù)據(jù)。這兩個(gè)排名都是基于一個(gè)加權(quán)平均的指標(biāo)，下面列出。醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究模式基于8個(gè)指標(biāo)，初級(jí)護(hù)理模型基于7個(gè)指標(biāo)。在研究和初級(jí)護(hù)理的排名模型中使用了4個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)指標(biāo)。這些數(shù)據(jù)包括是學(xué)生選擇性入學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)(MCAT,GPA和學(xué)校的錄取率)和教員學(xué)生比率。研究活動(dòng)中的醫(yī)學(xué)院校研究模型因素;醫(yī)學(xué)院初級(jí)護(hù)理模式增加了醫(yī)學(xué)碩士畢業(yè)生進(jìn)入初級(jí)保健專業(yè)的比例。>>>2018年QS美國(guó)最佳醫(yī)學(xué)院排名TOP100
一、質(zhì)量評(píng)估(權(quán)重為0.40)
1.同行評(píng)比分?jǐn)?shù)(研究醫(yī)學(xué)院校模型的0.20分;0.25用于初級(jí)保健醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)校模型)
In fall 2016, medical and osteopathic school deans, deans of academic affairs and heads of internal medicine or directors of admissions were asked to rate programs on a scale from 1 (marginal) to 5 (outstanding). Those individuals who did not know enough about a school to evaluate it fairly were asked to mark "don't know."Respondents were asked to rate program quality for both research and primary care programs separately on a single survey instrument. Thirty-two percent of those surveyed responded.A school's score is the average rating of all the respondents who rated it; average scores were then sorted in descending order. Responses of "don't know" counted neither for nor against a school.
在2016年秋季，醫(yī)學(xué)和骨科學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)、學(xué)術(shù)事務(wù)主任和內(nèi)科主任或招生負(fù)責(zé)人被要求以1(最低分?jǐn)?shù))到5(最高分?jǐn)?shù))的比例對(duì)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行評(píng)級(jí)。那些對(duì)一所學(xué)校不夠了解的人委員會(huì)直接要求其回復(fù)“不知道”。受訪者被要求分別對(duì)一項(xiàng)調(diào)查工具的研究和初級(jí)護(hù)理程序質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評(píng)分。百分之三十二的回應(yīng)了自己的數(shù)據(jù)。學(xué)校的分?jǐn)?shù)是所有評(píng)分者的平均評(píng)分，然后，平均分?jǐn)?shù)按降序排序?！安恢馈钡幕卮鸺炔皇菍?duì)于一所大學(xué)的肯定，也不是否定。
2.住院醫(yī)師評(píng)價(jià)評(píng)分(研究醫(yī)學(xué)院校模型的0.20分;0.15初級(jí)護(hù)理醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)校模型)
In fall 2016, as in previous years, residency program directors were also asked to rate programs using the same five-point scale on two separate survey instruments.One survey dealt with research and was sent to a sample of residency program directors in fields outside primary care, including surgery, psychiatry and radiology. The other survey involved primary care and was sent to residency directors designated by schools as mainly involved in the primary care fields of family practice, pediatrics and internal medicine.Survey recipients were asked to rate programs on a scale from 1 (marginal) to 5 (outstanding). Those individuals who did not know enough about a program to evaluate it fairly were asked to mark "don't know."A school's score is the average rating of all the respondents who rated it in the three most recent years of survey results.
在2016年秋季與往年一樣，居民項(xiàng)目主任也被要求在兩個(gè)不同的測(cè)量?jī)x器上使用相同的五分制進(jìn)行評(píng)分。一項(xiàng)調(diào)查處理了研究，并被送到了初級(jí)保健以外的領(lǐng)域，包括外科、精神病學(xué)和放射學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的住院醫(yī)師項(xiàng)目主任的樣本。另一項(xiàng)調(diào)查涉及初級(jí)保健，并被派往學(xué)校指定的居住主任，主要涉及家庭實(shí)踐、兒科學(xué)和內(nèi)科的初級(jí)保健領(lǐng)域。調(diào)查對(duì)象被要求將項(xiàng)目的比例從1(最低分?jǐn)?shù))到5(最高分?jǐn)?shù))。那些對(duì)某所大學(xué)不夠了解的人會(huì)被要求去評(píng)價(jià)“不知道”。“一所學(xué)校的分?jǐn)?shù)是所有在最近幾年的調(diào)查結(jié)果中打分的所有被調(diào)查者的平均評(píng)分。”“不知道”的回答既不是對(duì)于一所大學(xué)的肯定，也不是否定。醫(yī)學(xué)院自己提供了所有住院醫(yī)生項(xiàng)目主任的名字，這些人都是由住院醫(yī)師項(xiàng)目主任調(diào)查的。益普索公共事務(wù)收集用于該排名的相關(guān)評(píng)估數(shù)據(jù)。
二、研究活動(dòng)
1.總研究活動(dòng)(0.15)
This is measured by the total dollar amount of NIH research grants awarded to the medical school and its affiliated hospitals, averaged for 2015 and 2016. An asterisk next to this data point in the rankings tables on usnews.com indicates that the medical school did not include grants to any affiliated hospitals in its 2016 total.In the rankings of research medical schools, the weighting of the total dollar amount of grants awarded by the National Institutes of Health and of NIH grant funding per faculty member was set so that each accounts for 0.15 of the overall score.
這是由美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院在2015年和2016年平均每年向醫(yī)學(xué)院及其附屬醫(yī)院提供的研究資助總額所衡量的。在usnews.com的排行榜上，這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)旁邊的一個(gè)星號(hào)表明，醫(yī)學(xué)院在2016年的總數(shù)中不包括任何附屬醫(yī)院的撥款。在研究醫(yī)學(xué)院的排名中，美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院和美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院授予每一位教員的撥款總額中所占的總金額的權(quán)重被設(shè)定為0.15的總分。
2.每位教員平均研究活動(dòng)(0.15)
This is measured by the dollar amount of NIH research grants awarded to the medical school and its affiliated hospitals per full-time faculty member, averaged over 2015 and 2016. Both full-time basic sciences and clinical faculty were used in the faculty count. An asterisk next to this data point in the rankings tables indicates that the medical school did not include grants to any affiliated hospitals in its 2016 total.Primary Care Rate (0.30 in the primary care medical school model only; not used in research medical school ranking model).The percentage of a school's M.D. or D.O. graduates entering primary care residencies in the fields of family practice, pediatrics and internal medicine was averaged over 2014, 2015 and 2016.
這是由美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院(NIH)在2015年和2016年平均每年向醫(yī)學(xué)院及其附屬醫(yī)院提供的美國(guó)國(guó)家衛(wèi)生研究院(NIH)研究資助金額衡量的。教員人數(shù)中使用了全日制的基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)和臨床教員。排行榜上的這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)旁邊的一個(gè)星號(hào)表明，醫(yī)學(xué)院在2016年的總數(shù)中不包括任何附屬醫(yī)院的補(bǔ)助金。初級(jí)護(hù)理率(0.30只在初級(jí)保健醫(yī)學(xué)院模式;未在醫(yī)學(xué)院校排名模型中使用。2014年、2015年和2016年，在家庭實(shí)踐、兒科和內(nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，一所學(xué)校的醫(yī)學(xué)博士或D.O.畢業(yè)生進(jìn)入初級(jí)保健實(shí)習(xí)的比例均為平均水平。
三、學(xué)生選擇性(0.20研究醫(yī)學(xué)院校模型;0.15初級(jí)保健醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)校模型
1.MCAT總分(研究醫(yī)學(xué)院校模型的0.13)0.0975在初級(jí)保健醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)校模式
This is the median total Medical College Admission Test score of the 2016 entering class. In this year's rankings, both the new MCAT that was implemented starting in April 2015 and the old MCAT were used in the rankings to compute the MCAT score indicator.For both MCAT measures used in the ranking calculations, the median total scores for both the new and old versions were first converted to a common percentile scale and weighted by the proportion of the fall 2016 entering class who reported each test.On usnews.com, only users with a U.S. News Medical School Compass subscription can view the new and old MCAT scores.
這是2016年就讀總醫(yī)學(xué)院校課堂的入學(xué)考試成績(jī)的中位數(shù)。在今年的排名中，從2015年4月開(kāi)始實(shí)施的新MCAT和舊的MCAT都被用于計(jì)算MCAT得分指標(biāo)。對(duì)于MCAT在排名計(jì)算中使用的兩種方法，新版本和舊版本的中值總得分首先轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)普通百分比，并根據(jù)2016年秋季入學(xué)人數(shù)的比例進(jìn)行加權(quán)。在usnews.com上，只有擁有美國(guó)新聞醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)校Compass訂閱的用戶才能看到最新的的和過(guò)去的MCAT得分。
2.本科GPA(研究醫(yī)學(xué)院校模型的0.06);0.045在初級(jí)保健醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)校模式
This is the median undergraduate grade-point average of the 2016 entering class.
該排名中依據(jù)的是2016年入學(xué)課堂的平均本科階段平均成績(jī)。
3.學(xué)校的錄取率(研究醫(yī)學(xué)院校模型的0.01);0.0075初級(jí)護(hù)理醫(yī)學(xué)院模型
This is the proportion of applicants for the 2016 entering class who were offered admission.Faculty resources (0.10 in the research medical school model; 0.15 in the primary care medical school model): Faculty resources were measured as the ratio of full-time science and full-time clinical faculty to full-time M.D. or D.O. students in 2016.This year, U.S. News used a logarithmic transformation of the original value for the faculty-student ratio since it had a skewed distribution. This logarithmic manipulation rescaled the data and allowed for a more normalized and uniform spread of values across the indicator.After this indicator was normalized using a log value, its indicator z-score was calculated from the log values. In statistics, a z-score is a standardized score that indicates how many standard deviations a data point is from the mean of that variable. This transformation of the data is essential when combining diverse information into a single ranking because it allows for fair comparisons between the different types of data.
報(bào)名參加2016年入學(xué)申請(qǐng)的人數(shù)比例。教師資源(研究醫(yī)學(xué)模式的0.10;0.15在初級(jí)護(hù)理醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)校模型中:教師資源是作為全日制科學(xué)和全日制臨床教員在2016年全職醫(yī)學(xué)博士或D.O.學(xué)生的比率。今年，《U.S. News》使用的是教員學(xué)生比率的原始價(jià)值的對(duì)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換，因?yàn)樗姆植际遣粚?duì)稱的。這個(gè)對(duì)數(shù)操作重新調(diào)整了數(shù)據(jù)，并允許在整個(gè)指示器上實(shí)現(xiàn)更規(guī)范化、更均勻的值分布。在使用日志值對(duì)該指示器進(jìn)行規(guī)范化之后，它的指示器z分?jǐn)?shù)是從日志值中計(jì)算出來(lái)的。在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)中，z分?jǐn)?shù)是一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的分?jǐn)?shù)，表示一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)從這個(gè)變量的平均值中有多少個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差。當(dāng)將不同的信息組合成一個(gè)排序時(shí)，數(shù)據(jù)的這種轉(zhuǎn)換非常重要，因?yàn)樗试S對(duì)不同類型的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行公平的比較。
四、其他內(nèi)容
Overall Rank;Indicators were standardized about their means, and standardized scores were weighted, totaled and rescaled so that the top school received 100; other schools received their percentage of the top score. Medical schools were then numerically ranked in descending order based on their scores.
綜合排名;指標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化得分加權(quán)、綜合、重點(diǎn)學(xué)院使頂尖學(xué)校獲得100分;其他學(xué)校也獲得了最高分。然后，根據(jù)他們的分?jǐn)?shù)，醫(yī)學(xué)院被按順序升降排列。
Specialty Rankings:These rankings, which include rural medicine and women's health, are based solely on ratings by medical school deans and senior faculty from the list of schools surveyed. They each identified up to 10 schools offering the best programs in each specialty area.Those schools receiving the most votes in each specialty are numerically ranked in descending order based on the number of nominations they received, as long as the school or program received seven or more nominations in that specialty area. This means that schools ranked at the bottom of each specialty ranking have received at least seven nominations.
專業(yè)排名:這些排名，包括農(nóng)村醫(yī)學(xué)和婦女健康，都是基于醫(yī)學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)和高級(jí)教師在被調(diào)查學(xué)校名單上的排名。他們分別列出了10所提供每個(gè)專業(yè)領(lǐng)域最佳項(xiàng)目的學(xué)校。在每一專業(yè)中獲得最多選票的學(xué)校根據(jù)所獲提名的數(shù)量，按順序按降序排列，只要學(xué)?；蝽?xiàng)目在該專業(yè)領(lǐng)域獲得7項(xiàng)或更多的提名。這意味著各專業(yè)排名墊底的學(xué)校至少獲得了七項(xiàng)提名。
Rank Not Published:For both research medical schools and primary care medical schools, we have numerically ranked the top three-fourths of the schools. The bottom quarter of the research medical schools and primary care medical schools are listed as Rank Not Published.Rank Not Published means that U.S. News calculated a numerical rank for that school but decided for editorial reasons not to publish it. U.S. News will supply schools listed as Rank Not Published with their numerical ranks if they submit a request following the procedures listed in the Information for School Officials.Schools marked as Ranked Not Published are listed alphabetically.
未公布的排名:無(wú)論是研究醫(yī)學(xué)院還是初級(jí)保健醫(yī)學(xué)院，我們都在數(shù)字上排名前四分之三的學(xué)校。研究醫(yī)學(xué)院校和初級(jí)保健醫(yī)學(xué)院的下四分之一被列為未發(fā)表的排名。排名沒(méi)有公布意味著U.S. News 為該學(xué)校計(jì)算了一個(gè)數(shù)字排名，但決定不公布它的編輯理由。U.S. News 將向被列為排名沒(méi)有公布的學(xué)校提供排名，如果他們按照學(xué)校官員信息中列出的程序提交申請(qǐng)。未公布的學(xué)校按字母順序排列。
Unranked:If a school is marked as Unranked, that means that U.S. News did not calculate a numerical rank because the school did not supply enough key statistical data to be numerically ranked. Unranked schools are listed alphabetically below those marked as Rank Not Published.
不排名:如果一所學(xué)校被標(biāo)記為未排名，那就意味著U.S. News 拍種種沒(méi)有計(jì)算出一個(gè)數(shù)字排名，因?yàn)閷W(xué)校沒(méi)有提供足夠的關(guān)鍵統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行數(shù)字排名。未排名的學(xué)校按字母順序排列位于在未公布具體排名大學(xué)的下方。
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