2014年初中定語(yǔ)從句講解

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這篇關(guān)于2014年最新初中定語(yǔ)從句講解,是特地為大家整理的,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助!
    定語(yǔ)從句在句中做定語(yǔ),修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。
    關(guān)系代詞有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
    一.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
    關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
    1)who, that
     這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。例如:
     Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
     他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
    2)whose 用來(lái)指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物,它還可以同of which互換)。例如:
     They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 
     那人車壞了,大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。
     Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。
    3)which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。例如:
     A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
     農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
     The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
     你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
    四.限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
    1)定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往
     往不明確;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明,去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思,它與主句之間
     通常用逗號(hào)分開。例如:
     This is the house which we bought last month.
     這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。(限制性)
     The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
     這幢房子很漂亮,是我們上個(gè)月買的。(非限制性)
    2)當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí),其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的。例如:
     charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
     查理•史密斯去年退休了,他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。
     My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 
     我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。
     This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
     這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人,我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。
    3)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單
     數(shù)。例如:
     He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
     他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思,這使我心煩。
     Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
     液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?,這就叫做蒸發(fā)
    五.介詞+關(guān)系詞
    1)介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。
    2)that前不能有介詞。
    九.關(guān)系代詞that 的用法
    1)不用that的情況
     a)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例如:
    (錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
     b)介詞后不能用。例如:
    We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我們依賴土地獲得食物。
    We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
    2)只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況
     a)在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
     b)在不定代詞,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞
    時(shí),只用that,不用which。
     c)先行詞有the only, the very修飾時(shí),只用that?!?BR>     d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞級(jí)時(shí),只用that。
     e)先行詞既有人,又有物時(shí)。例如:
    All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油問(wèn)題。
    Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
    那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。