新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè):第57課課文詳解及語(yǔ)法解析

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    課文詳注 Further notes on the text
    1.The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.接待她的售貨員不喜歡她的那副打扮。
    the way在這里表示“方式”、“樣式”,she was dressed為關(guān)系從句,修飾the way。dress表示“穿著”、“打扮”時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):
    Why is your aunt dressed in black?
    你姑姑為什么穿黑色衣服?
    2.…h(huán)e told her that the dress was sold.……告訴她那件衣服已經(jīng)賣出去了。
    被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在這里含有動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成的意忠,即表示目前的狀態(tài)。
    3.She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.第2天上午,她又來(lái)到這家商店,穿了一件裘皮大衣,一只手拎著一只手提包,另一只手拿著一把長(zhǎng)柄傘。
    dressed引導(dǎo)的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),表示伴隨狀態(tài)。它也可以變換位置,放在句首,其意義不變:Dressed in a fur coat, she returned…with帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ):handbag和unbrella。with引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)也作狀語(yǔ),表示伴隨狀態(tài):
    He walked in the park with a dog behind him.
    他在公園里散步,身后跟了一條狗。
    4.After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress.
    找到那個(gè)無(wú)禮的售貨員后,她還要看昨天的那件衣服。
    (1)現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)代替時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句后,保留了連詞after。類似的情況如:
    Since phoning you this morning, I've changed my plans.
    自從今天早上給你打了電話以后,我已改變了計(jì)劃。
    While trying to open the bottle, I cut my hand.
    在試圖打開(kāi)瓶子時(shí),我劃破了手。
    (2)seek out為固定短語(yǔ),表示“找出”、“搜尋出”:
    He sought out the thief in the crowd.
    他在人群中找出了那個(gè)小偷。
    Seek him out quickly. I want to speak to him.
    快把他找出來(lái)。我想和他談一談。
    (3)ask for表示“要”、“要求”:
    I asked for a cup of coffee, but you gave me a cup of tea.
    我要的是一杯咖啡,但你卻給了我一杯茶。
    5.Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. 那個(gè)售貨員沒(méi)有認(rèn)出她是誰(shuí),這一回接待她的態(tài)度非常殷勤。
    (1)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)代替一個(gè)分句位于句首時(shí),其否定形式是在它前面加上not, without或never等否定詞。這些詞有時(shí)可互換,有時(shí)則不可:
    Not/Without/Never hesitating for a moment, he ran after the thief.
    他沒(méi)有一絲猶豫便追趕那小偷。
    Not being able to open the door, I asked my neighbour for help.
    由于開(kāi)不了門,我便向鄰居求援。
    (2)像eager, glad, pleased, sorry等描述感覺(jué)的形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)后面往往跟不定式:
    They are all eager to come.
    他們都急于來(lái)。
    I'm pleased to work with you.
    我很高興能與你一起工作。
    6.With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. 費(fèi)了好大勁兒,他爬進(jìn)櫥窗去取那件衣服。
    with在這里表示行為方式:
    With care, she put the vase on the shelf.
    她小心翼翼地把花瓶放在架子上。
    He lifted the box with ease/difficulty.
    他很輕松地/費(fèi)勁地舉起那箱子。
    7.She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.她開(kāi)心地迫使那位售貨員把櫥窗里幾乎所有的東西都拿了出來(lái),后才買下了她先要看的那一件。
    (1)enjoy oneself doing sth.表示“從……中得到樂(lè)趣”:
    He enjoyed himself making the dog run after beggars.
    他讓那條狗追逐乞丐,并從中取樂(lè)。
    (2)make后面的動(dòng)詞不定式不加to(cf.本課詞匯學(xué)習(xí))
    (3)代替時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)帶有連詞before。
    語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
    用于表示地點(diǎn)和位置的介詞和副詞in, at和off;用于描寫(xiě)人的介詞in和with
    在第9課的語(yǔ)法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的介詞in, on, at, during, till和until;在第33課的語(yǔ)法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了表示方向和目的地的介詞和副詞,如on, off, from, to, towards, in, into, out of, at, under, over等。
    (1)在表示地點(diǎn)和位置時(shí),說(shuō)話人的個(gè)人角度會(huì)影響對(duì)介詞的選擇。at通常用于表示居住地點(diǎn)和某個(gè)停留地點(diǎn)、工作地點(diǎn)等,而in則表示里面或包圍的含義:
    I stopped at London on the way to New York.
    去紐約的途中我曾在倫敦停留。(倫敦是途中的一個(gè)點(diǎn))
    I live in London.
    我住在倫敦。(倫敦“包圍著”他)
    We met at the cinema this afternoon. He waited for me near the ticket
    office.
    我們今天下午在電*見(jiàn)了面。他在售票處附近等我。
    We swam in the river while Jane sat in the car.
    我們?cè)诤永镉斡緯r(shí)簡(jiǎn)坐在汽車?yán)铩?BR>    (2)off常與動(dòng)詞連用,表示位置的變化,即“與……分離”,可譯為“脫掉”、“脫落”等,其反義詞為on:
    The handle of my suitcase has come off.
    我手提箱的提手掉下來(lái)了。
    He took the cup off the shelf.
    他把杯子從架上拿了下來(lái)。
    (3)描寫(xiě)人時(shí),in通常用于表示穿著,with則表示身上的某個(gè)具體特征或隨身帶著什么:
    Yesterday she was (dressed) in jeans. Today she is (dressed) in a fur coat.
    昨天她穿著牛仔褲。今天她穿了一件裘皮大衣。
    John looks very handsome in that uniform, doesn't he?
    約翰穿那套制服時(shí)看上去非常英俊,是不是?
    He looks handsome in anything!
    他穿任何衣服看上去都很英俊!
    The man with a beard over there is Sam.
    那邊那個(gè)留著胡子的人是薩姆。
    The police say the woman they're looking for has a red handbag/red hair.
    警方說(shuō)他們正在尋找的那位婦女有一個(gè)紅色的手提包/一頭紅發(fā)。
    There's a woman with a red handbag/red hair over there!
    那邊就有一位帶著紅色手提包/長(zhǎng)著一頭紅發(fā)的婦女!
    A child came along with a brown dog.
    一位帶著一條棕色的狗的小孩走了過(guò)來(lái)。