一、概述
選擇題考察詞語(yǔ)用法和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)(PartⅡVocabulary and Structure),共30題,考試時(shí)間25分鐘。題目中50%為詞和短語(yǔ)的用法,50%為語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。要求考生從每題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)答案。
詞語(yǔ)用法和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)部分主要考核學(xué)生運(yùn)用詞匯、短語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。考試范圍包括全日制文理科教學(xué)大綱中詞匯表及語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)表一至三級(jí)的主要內(nèi)容。
挑錯(cuò)(Part Ⅲ Identification),共10題,考試時(shí)間10分鐘。挑錯(cuò)題
由10個(gè)單句組成。每個(gè)句子含有標(biāo)著A、B、C、D的四個(gè)劃線部分,其中有一處是錯(cuò)誤的,要求考生從上個(gè)劃線部分中挑出其錯(cuò)誤的部分。
挑錯(cuò)部分是詞語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)部分的延伸,目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生掌握詞匯、短語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的熟練程度,其重點(diǎn)是固定搭配和句型。
二、常見詞匯辨析題
1.She _____ us that every would be all right.
A. assured B. ensured C. insure D. secure
答案:A
解析:assure、ensure、insure、secure都有“保證”這個(gè)意思,但它們有著細(xì)微的。assure強(qiáng)調(diào)消除疑慮,題干的意思是“她向我們保證會(huì)一切順利”,因此應(yīng)該用assure.ensure強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)實(shí)在在的保障,如“The letter ensured an interview.”暗含了有了這封信就一定可以參加面試的意思。Insure則強(qiáng)調(diào)事先準(zhǔn)備以保證。最后secure則表示采取措施排除負(fù)面因素從而保證。
2.She asked me to ______ her at 7.
A. awake B. awaken C. waken D. The three answers are all right
答案:D
解析:awake,形容詞,“醒著的”,動(dòng)詞,“喚醒、醒來(lái)”。作為動(dòng)詞,它的用法與wake(up)相似,既可是及物動(dòng)詞,如“My interest awoke when I saw the chance for profit.”(看到有機(jī)會(huì)盈利我就有了興趣)和“The project awoke his interest.”awaken和waken一樣,也可作及物和不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“喚醒”和“醒來(lái)”的意思。
3.The meeting will begin at 9:00 according to the ______.
A. calendar B. schedule C. column D. diagram
答案:B
解析:四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是calendar,日歷,schedule,日程安排,column,專欄,diagram,圖解。Schedule還可以作動(dòng)詞,意思是“安排”,如“the flight is scheduled at six”。詞組on schedule意為“準(zhǔn)時(shí)地”。此外還要掌握column一詞也可指“體積”。
4.He spoke so quickly; I didn't ______ what he said.
A. receive B. accept C. listen D. catch
答案:D
解析:catch是一個(gè)意項(xiàng)很多的詞,可以表示“抓住”“捕獲”“趕上車”“感染”等??捎胏atch sb. doing ,意為當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住某人做某事,如:“She caught me cheating on the test.”。這里catch指“理解”“懂得”。
5.It is said that he ____ murder.
A. committed B. conducted C. executed D. emitted
答案:A
解析:commit,動(dòng)詞,意為“干、犯(壞事)”。與之相關(guān)的詞有commitment和committee,“委員會(huì)”。Conduct ,動(dòng)詞,“指揮、引導(dǎo)”。如“He conducts himself quite well these days in school.(他這些天在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不錯(cuò)。)”,“Being the only son, he had to conduct the family business after his father's death.”。另外,作為動(dòng)詞它還有“傳熱、傳導(dǎo)”的意項(xiàng)。它也可以作名詞,意思是“行為、品行”。與之相關(guān)的詞有conductor,“領(lǐng)隊(duì)、樂(lè)隊(duì)指揮”、“售票員、列車員”“導(dǎo)體”。Execute,動(dòng)詞,意為“執(zhí)行”、“處死”,如“to execute a plan”。Executive,形容詞,“實(shí)行的”,名詞,“管理人員”。Emit,動(dòng)詞,“發(fā)射、發(fā)出”。
6.The door is shut _____ and clocked.
A. fast B. tight C. firm D. sound
答案:A
解析:fast要這里是作副詞,意思是“緊緊地”。除此之外,它還可以表示“完全地”,與sound相似。Tight和firm如果換成它們的副詞形式tightly和firmly在這里也是適合的。Sound也可以作副詞,意思是“完全地、徹底地”,如“He's sound asleep”。
7.Many crops were grown on the____ land.
A. barren B. bare C. fertile D. deserted
答案:C
解析:barren,形容詞,“貧瘠的”,與fertile構(gòu)成反義詞。Bare,形容詞,“赤**的、光禿的”,如“bare feet(光腳)”。Deserted,由動(dòng)詞desert(拋棄、荒廢)的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成的形容詞,意為“荒廢的”。
8.He_____ our doubts with a clear explanation.
A. set B. settled C. fixed D. established
答案:B
解析:這四個(gè)詞都有“放在合適的位置”的意思,但各有強(qiáng)調(diào)之處。Set強(qiáng)調(diào)放置在確定的位置上,如“set food on the table” ;settle表示放置在穩(wěn)定、安全的位置上,如“ They settled gradually in their new home ”,也可表示調(diào)整先前混亂的情況,本題取的就是這個(gè)意項(xiàng);fix更強(qiáng)調(diào)永久性、穩(wěn)固性,如“fix a pole in the ground ”;而establish可以表示在將某物放入位置之后加固的進(jìn)程,如“Don't remove the tree when it is established”.
9.The dream of a world without war is yet to be_____.
A. recognized B. filled C. fulfilled D. flourished
答案:C
解析:recognize,動(dòng)詞一,“認(rèn)出、認(rèn)識(shí)到”。Fulfill,動(dòng)詞,“完成、履行”,通常搭配使用的名詞有duty、dream、need等。Flourish,動(dòng)詞,“繁榮、興旺”,如“The business is flourishing”
10.The_____ will be used to help young writers to publish their works.
A. fee B. capital C. fund D. investment
答案:C
解析:fee,名詞,“費(fèi)用”,指接受他人的服務(wù)后應(yīng)付的費(fèi)用。Capital,名詞,“資本”。Fund,名詞,“基金、資金”,指為某項(xiàng)事業(yè)而籌集的錢。Investment,名詞,“投資”,如foreign investment.
11.My salary is enough to _____the family.
A. retain B. obtain C. maintain D. remain
答案:C
解析:retain,動(dòng)詞,“保持”,如“The clothing retains its color. (這衣服不掉色。)”。Obtain,動(dòng)詞,“得到、獲取”,如“ I haven't been able to obtain that album anywhere. ” .Maintain,動(dòng)詞,“保持、維持”,指持續(xù)擁有,如“ They maintained their friendship for over forty years. ”。這里maintain 指“供養(yǎng)”。Remain,動(dòng)詞,“保持”,指處于某種狀態(tài)不變,如“ She remained unknown until her death.”。
12.The little boy ____ to tie his shoelaces but failed.
A. hesitated B. attempted C. managed D. meant
答案:B
解析:hesitate,動(dòng)詞,“猶豫”。Attempt,動(dòng)詞,“試圖”,常用attempt to do,多用于表示沒(méi)有成功的嘗試,也可作名詞。 Manage,動(dòng)詞,“應(yīng)付、處理”,如“ I can manage it myself.”,manage to do指“做成某事”,如“I managed to find what I was looking for.”名詞management指“管理”, manager 指“經(jīng)理”。mean to的意思是“意欲、打算”,如“ I didn't mean to imply(暗示) that you were dishonest”。
13.I didn't expect ()the examination to be so____.
A. slight B. minute C. tiny D. minor
答案:B
解析:minute,形容詞,“微小的”、“詳細(xì)的”,這里取其第二個(gè)意項(xiàng)。Slight,形容詞,“微小的”、“不重要的”。Tiny,形容詞,“微小的”。Minor,形容詞,“較小的、較低的、次要的”,反義詞是major.
14.A fact-finding_____ was sent to Caribbean.
A. parliament B. congress C. mission D. minister
答案:C
解析:mission,名詞,“使命、代表團(tuán)”。Parliament,名詞,“(英國(guó))議會(huì)”。Congress,名詞,“(美國(guó))國(guó)會(huì)”。Minister,名詞,“部長(zhǎng)”,the Prime Minister就是“首相”。
15.I don't feel like _____,I'm not in the ______.
A. dancing——mood B. dancing——mode C. to dance ——mood D. to dance——mode
答案:A
解析:feel like doing,口語(yǔ)中常用的表達(dá)“想做——”的方法。Mood,名詞,“情緒”,表示處于某種情緒一,用介詞in.mode,名詞,“方式、模式”,如“You'd better choose the automatic(自動(dòng)的) mode.”。
16.He was one of the _____ computers to teach.
A. pilots to use B . pilots in using C. pioneers to use D. pioneers in using
答案:D
解析:pioneer,名詞,“先驅(qū)”,表示“在某方面的先驅(qū)”用介詞in.它也可作形容詞,如“a pioneer AIDS researcher(研究者)”。Pilot,名詞,“飛行員”,也可作動(dòng)詞,意為“駕駛(飛機(jī))”。
17.This____ item(條款)of the contract(合同、協(xié)議)is problematic(有問(wèn)題的).
A. peculiar B. curious C. particular D. special
答案:C
解析:particular,形容詞,“個(gè)別的”、“尤其的”,題中取其第一個(gè)意項(xiàng),又如“This particular sentence puzzles me.”,particular表示“這個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子”。“ This book is of no particular importance.”這句中 particular則是“尤其”的意思。它的副詞是 particularly. Peculiar,形容詞,“獨(dú)特的、古怪的”,常用 peculiar to,意為“獨(dú)屬的”,如“ This style of cooking is peculiar to the south-west of the country.”。名詞是 peculiarity,可數(shù)或不可數(shù)。 curious ,形容詞,“好奇的”,常用be curious about:“奇怪的”。名詞是curiosity .special,形容詞,“特別的” ,如“This is a special case.”名詞是speciality,意為“特長(zhǎng)、特別之處”,specialist指在某方面有特別興趣或精通的人。
18.It really_____ me when she stopped breathing.
A. irritated B. scared C. puzzled D. touched
答案:B
解析:scare,動(dòng)詞,“驚嚇、使害怕”。Irritate,動(dòng)詞,“激怒”。Puzzle,動(dòng)詞,“使——迷惑”。也可作名詞,意思是“迷、迷語(yǔ)”。Touch在這里表示“觸動(dòng)、感動(dòng)”。
19.There are no simple ______ to the unemployment problem.
A. methods B. ways C. solutions D. measures
答案:C
解析:solution,名詞,“解決問(wèn)題的方法”,常用solution to.Method,名詞,“方法”;measure,名詞,“措施”A、B、D選項(xiàng)雖然意義符合,但沒(méi)有后直接接介賓結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。另外,measure還可作動(dòng)詞,意為“測(cè)量”。
20.How can we best____ our limited resources?
A. employ B. utilize C. enforce D. enlarge
答案:B
解析:utilize,動(dòng)詞,“利用”,尤指有效利用。Employ,動(dòng)詞,“雇傭”、“采用”,如“to employ the new technology(技術(shù))”。 Enforce,動(dòng)詞,“強(qiáng)迫”、“強(qiáng)制實(shí)施”,如“to enforce the new law”。注意不要與reinforce(加強(qiáng))混淆。 Enlarge,動(dòng)詞,“變大”,如“to enlarge a photograph”。
三、考試常用搭配
1.Tom asked____ you, but I told him nothing.
A. for B. after C. of D. /
答案:B
解析:ask for最常用的意項(xiàng)是是“要求”。它也可以表示“要求和某人說(shuō)話”的意思。 ask after則表示“問(wèn)某人的情況、問(wèn)候”的意思。這里選 ask after貼切。
2.As soon as I got _____, I felt sick.
A. on board the ship B. on the board of the ship
B. C. onto board the ship D. onto the board of the ship
答案:A
解析:on board 是一個(gè)固定的詞組,相當(dāng)于副詞aboard,表示“在船上、車上、飛機(jī)上等”,不可以拆開使用。另外,它還可以表示“作為某隊(duì)或組織的成員出席或工作”,如“ The mew trainee was welcomed on board.(新教練被歡迎上任。)” board一詞可以作名詞,意為“板”、“委員會(huì)”,作動(dòng)詞意為“上船”等。
3.He doesn't care_____ what people think of him.
A. about B. of C. for D. to
答案:A
解析:care的意思是“關(guān)心”。常用詞組有care about,“關(guān)心、看得重要”; care for,“想要”。例如“ Would you care for tea ?”,用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中,“照料”,與take care of相近,如“ She cared for the old women for years.” Care后可接不定式,常用在禮貌的建議中,如“ Would you care to wait here ?”。
4.This cake_____ sugar, butter and flour.
A. constitutes B. consists C. composes D. contains
答案:D
解析:A、B、C選項(xiàng)都有“構(gòu)成”的意項(xiàng),但用法不一樣。Constitute是動(dòng)詞,用法與form相似,如“50 states constitute the USA.”。consist是動(dòng)詞,常用詞組 consist of 意思是“由——組成”,如“This cake consists mainly of sugar, butter and flour.”。另外,consist in表示“由于、存在于”,如“ The charm of Paris does not consist only in its beauty.”。 Compose 常用be composed of,意思是“由——組成”,如“The cake is composed mainly of sugar, butter and flour.”。 contain的意思是“包含”,后面直接接賓語(yǔ)。
5.I looked everywhere for my bicycle but had to go home without it______.
A. on end B. in the end C. at the end D. by the end
答案:B 解析有:on end ,“倒立”,如“to stand on end ”:“連續(xù)地”,如“They talked for hours on end. ”。In the end,“最后、終于”。
6.We are late,_____, we are lost.
A. however B. as a matter of fact C. nevertheless D. moreover
答案:D
解析:moreover ,副詞,“而且”。as a matter of fact 是固定搭配,意為“事實(shí)上”,如“As a matter of fact, I don't care.”。nevertheless,副詞,“然而”。
7.The great bridge was named_____ its designer.
A. of B. with C. after D. from
答案:C
解析:name是動(dòng)詞,“取名”。name after意為“以——命名”。
8.The train_____ about three hours late.
A. pulled B. pulled down C. pulled on D. pulled out
答案:D
解析:pull,動(dòng)詞,“拖、拉”,與push(推)是一組反義詞,在門的兩邊寫的就是這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞。pull down,“拆毀、拉倒”; pull on,“穿上”; pull out,“(車、船等)駛出”。
9.You will never guess whom I ____ on the street yesterday.
A. ran over B. ran out of C. ran into D. ran up to
答案:C
解析:run over ,“壓過(guò)、碾過(guò)”。run out of,“用盡”,如“ We have run out of petrol(汽油)” run into ,“撞見、偶然遇見”。run up to,“徑直走到、跑到”。
10.I think I turned off the light but I'll go back and _____.
A. be sure B. make sure C. feel sure D. be certain
答案:B
解析:sure,形容詞,“確信”,用法較多。 be sure常用于句首引導(dǎo)一個(gè)祈使句,意思是“別忘了”,如“ Be sure to set the alarm clock ”。make sure的意思是“檢驗(yàn)”,“確?!?,下面就第二個(gè)意項(xiàng)舉例:“ Make sure you get here before 8.”。 certain也可表示“確信、肯定的”意思,與sure的區(qū)別在于:可以有“He's certain/sure to come. ”、“I'm certain/sure he'll come. ”,但只能是“It is certain that he'll come.”。
11.______ the birth-control policy, the growth of population has slowed down.
A. Thank B. Thanking C. With thanks to D. Thanks to
答案:D
解析:thanks to,“由于”,相當(dāng)于because of或 due to.有時(shí)帶有諷刺的意味,如“We lost the game thanks to your stupidity(愚蠢).”
12.I wouldn't trust ______ that.
A. him in doing B. to him in doing C. him to do D. to him to do
答案:C
解析:trust,動(dòng)詞,“信任、委托”,常用trust+ obj.、trust in/to+ obj.、trust+that、trust+ obj.+ to do,如“She trusted to luck instead of studying for the test.”。也可作名詞,不可數(shù)。
13.Her speech touched _____ the issue of employee benefits.
A. / B. with C. on D. up
答案:C
解析:touch on,“涉及”、“提到”。
14.It_____ that the mysterious visitor was an old friend of my grandmother.
A. turned up B. turned off C. turned on D. turned out
答案:D
解析:turn up,“出現(xiàn)”,如“ Did the lost ring ever turn up? .Turn off,”關(guān)閉“、”拐彎“,如” to turn off the highway and take the local road “。turn on:”打開“。 turn out,”原來(lái)“,表示以前不知道后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)是,常用 turn out to和題中的句型,如” He turned out to be a friend.“。
15.Please give me five pounds'______ of this chocolate.
A. worth B. worthy C. worthwhile D. value
答案:A
解析:worth,名詞,“價(jià)值”。也可作介詞,常用be worth doing/be worth+ obj..worthy ,形容詞,“有價(jià)值的”,常用worthy of +obj.,如“ an effort worthy of praise”。 Worthwhile,形容詞,“值得的”。
16.I ______ the telephone and wrote down the message.
A. hanged up B. hung up C. hanged D. hung
答案:B
解析:hang有兩種過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去分詞形式,當(dāng)表示“絞死”的意思時(shí),過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去分詞為 hanged、 hanged,當(dāng)表示其它意項(xiàng)時(shí)會(huì)別是hung、hung.hang up的意思是“掛斷電話”,所以這里選B.
17.The government will not _____ the severest measures against the terrorists.
A. hesitate taking B. hesitate to take C. hesitate in taking D. hesitate take
答案:B
解析:hesitate,動(dòng)詞,意為“猶豫”,不及物,通常用hesitate to do.如“ If you need any help, don't hesitate to ask me .”其名詞形式是hesitation ,另有hesitatingly,副詞。
18.Too many people are indifferent _____ others' troubles.
A. with B. to C. of D. about
答案:B
解析:indifferent,形容詞,“漠然的、冷淡的”,常用indifferent to.
19.This brand(品牌)of dog food is a bit expensive, but it is really_____ the others.
A. superior to B. inferior to C. superior with D. inferior with
答案:A
解析:superior,形容詞,“高級(jí)的”、“高層的”、“優(yōu)越的”,也看作名詞,指“上級(jí)”。名詞形式是superiority.其反義詞是 inferior,名詞是inferiority.
20.If you cheat, you will be found out _______.
A. by and by B. step by step C. sooner or later D. off and on
答案:C
解析:by and by和 step and step都表示“逐漸”的意思,其中后者更強(qiáng)調(diào)“一步一步地”。 sooner or later的意思是“遲早”。 off and on也可寫成 on and off ,意思是“不時(shí)地、斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地”,如“The light was flashing on and off.”。
四、??季湫汀?BR> (1)主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞
說(shuō)明:1.本句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由不及物動(dòng)詞充當(dāng),分詞作狀語(yǔ)。
2.現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)通常表示主語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行的另一個(gè)動(dòng)作,起陪襯或修飾作用。
3.過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),主要修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景與情況。
4.現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子是一致的。
例:a)They sat facing each other.他們面對(duì)面地坐著。
b)He lay on the grass enjoying the sunshine.他躺在草地上享受陽(yáng)光。
c)Frustrated, he went back to his home village.他大失所望,回到家鄉(xiāng)去。
d)Supported by the people, our troops struck back with guns and grenades.在人民的支持下,我軍以步槍和手榴彈進(jìn)行了反擊。
(2)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式
說(shuō)明:1.本句型中賓語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)。
2.本句型中的動(dòng)詞不定式可用被動(dòng)式和完成式。
3.本句型中的動(dòng)詞不定式可在to前加not或never表示否定。
4.可接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有:expect, hope, want, wish, apply, ask, manage, arrage, prepare, agree, promise, trouble, hilp, decline, choose, fail等。
例:a)He would admire to be a pilot.他喜歡當(dāng)飛行員。
b)The scientist claims to have discovered a new planet.這位科學(xué)家宣稱發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆新的行星。
c)They pretended not to see us.他們佯裝沒(méi)有看見我們。
(3)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)名詞
說(shuō)明:1.本句型中的賓語(yǔ)由動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)。
2.動(dòng)名詞因?yàn)榫哂袆?dòng)詞特征,故可帶有自己的賓語(yǔ)。
3.動(dòng)名詞可用于否定式和完成式
4.只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓詞的動(dòng)詞主要有:avoid, escape, miss, advise, suggest, forbid, prevent, delay, postpone, admit, deny, recall, report, dislike, enjoy等。
例:a)At last she accepted marryinhg him.她最后同意和他結(jié)婚了。
b)I can't afford going to visit my sick sister.我抽不出時(shí)間去看望我生病的姐姐。
c)I would advise not buying the house.我建議不要買這幢房子。
(4)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞+不帶的to的動(dòng)詞不定式
說(shuō)明:用于本句型的動(dòng)詞不定式有兩類:一是感官動(dòng)詞see, find, hear, notice, watch, smell, observe, look at, listen to等;二是某些使役動(dòng)詞,如let, make, have等。
例:a)I've never known him tell lies.我從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽說(shuō)他說(shuō)謊。
b)Mother let me go to camp.母親讓我去參加露營(yíng)。
(5)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
說(shuō)明:1.現(xiàn)在分詞表示一是正在進(jìn)行的延續(xù)性動(dòng)作或可以不斷地反復(fù)進(jìn)行的短暫性動(dòng)作;二是開始進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2.本句型的賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)具有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
3.常用于本句型的及物動(dòng)詞有:discover, feel, find, hear, keep, look at, leave, observe, paint, see, send, show, start, take等。
例:a)The bell brought people gathering on the square.鈴聲使人們?cè)趶V場(chǎng)上集結(jié)。
b)She heard the wind blowing and the rain pattering against the windows.她聽到了刮風(fēng)和雨點(diǎn)打在窗子上的聲音。
(6)That+句子
說(shuō)明:1.本句型用于表示沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。
2.That后的句子要用虛擬式。
3.that在本句型中是連詞,可視為“I wish that——”,“I regard that——”,“I wonder that——”等的省略。
例:a)That I had never met him.我希望從來(lái)沒(méi)見過(guò)他。
b)That he should do such a thing! 他竟會(huì)干出這種事情來(lái)!
(7)Not until+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)/從句+did +主語(yǔ)+其他
說(shuō)明:1.本句型主要是為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣而將主句中的not移至until之前,主句采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。
2.本句型有變體“It is not until+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)/從句+that+主語(yǔ)從句”,主要是為了強(qiáng)調(diào),通常譯作“直到——才”。
例:a)Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.直到孩子入睡后,母親才離開房間。
b)It was not until the next day that I learned the truth.直到第二天我才明白真相。
(8)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)——+so+形容詞/副詞+that+結(jié)果從句
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)——+such+(形容詞+名詞+)that+結(jié)果從句
說(shuō)明:1.句型中的so, such是表示“如此”的意思。
2.第一句型有變體“主語(yǔ)+be+ so+過(guò)去分詞+that+結(jié)果從句”
3.第二句型一般用法是“such+形容詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞+that從句”或是“such+ a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句”,表示“這樣——(一個(gè))——以至于——”。例:a)The meat was so tough that I simply couldn't get it down.這肉太老了,我簡(jiǎn)直咽不下去。
b)He spoke so rapidly that we could not clearly understand him.他說(shuō)得太快了,使我們不能了解他的意思。
c)He told such funny stories that we all laughed.他是這樣滑稽的故事,把我們都逗笑了。
d)He was such a selfish man that nobody would help him. 他是這樣一個(gè)自私的人,所以沒(méi)有人幫助他。
(9)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+形容詞/副詞/名詞+enough+(for+邏輯主語(yǔ)+)+動(dòng)詞不定式
說(shuō)明:enough如修飾名詞,也可置于名詞前。
例:a)The clothes cupboard is big enough for you to walk in.這衣柜大得可容你進(jìn)去。
b).There is enough food for eight people食物足夠八個(gè)人吃。
(10)主語(yǔ)+would/had+ rather+動(dòng)詞原形+than+動(dòng)詞原形
說(shuō)明:本句型表示主觀上的決擇,常譯作“寧可——”“與其——寧愿——”等。例:
a) She would rather spend than save.她有錢寧愿花掉,不肯積蓄。
b) He insisted on staying rather than go.她堅(jiān)持要留下來(lái),而不愿去。
(11)It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+who/that+其他部分
說(shuō)明:1.當(dāng)所強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)是指人的名詞或代詞時(shí),須使用who,其余情況均用that.
2.強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(從句)時(shí)不可用when,須用that;強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(從句)時(shí)不可用where,也須用that.
例:a)It is on Tuesday that she will come.她星期二來(lái)。
b) I shall remember the day(that )we met the first time.我將永遠(yuǎn)記住我們第一次見面的日子。
(12)否定詞語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
說(shuō)明:1.否定詞語(yǔ)置于句首是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)否定,可引起部分倒裝。
2.本句型中常用的否定詞語(yǔ):at no point, hardly, in vain, little, never, not, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, seldom.
例:a) Hardly did I think it possible.我?guī)缀跽J(rèn)為這是不可能的。
b) Nowhere have I seen your bike.我從未見過(guò)你的自行車。
c) Rarely did I meet Mr. Eldon.我很少遇上埃爾登先生。
(13)部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式表達(dá)
說(shuō)明:表示要求、建議、命令、假設(shè)等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬形式來(lái)表達(dá),也就是該從句動(dòng)詞用原形。這些動(dòng)詞有:advise, ask, beg, demand, deserve, desire, determine, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, suppose, urge
例:a) I advise that he go at once. 我勸他馬上走。
b) She demanded that we attack at once. 她要求我們立即進(jìn)攻。
選擇題考察詞語(yǔ)用法和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)(PartⅡVocabulary and Structure),共30題,考試時(shí)間25分鐘。題目中50%為詞和短語(yǔ)的用法,50%為語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。要求考生從每題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)答案。
詞語(yǔ)用法和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)部分主要考核學(xué)生運(yùn)用詞匯、短語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。考試范圍包括全日制文理科教學(xué)大綱中詞匯表及語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)表一至三級(jí)的主要內(nèi)容。
挑錯(cuò)(Part Ⅲ Identification),共10題,考試時(shí)間10分鐘。挑錯(cuò)題
由10個(gè)單句組成。每個(gè)句子含有標(biāo)著A、B、C、D的四個(gè)劃線部分,其中有一處是錯(cuò)誤的,要求考生從上個(gè)劃線部分中挑出其錯(cuò)誤的部分。
挑錯(cuò)部分是詞語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)部分的延伸,目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生掌握詞匯、短語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的熟練程度,其重點(diǎn)是固定搭配和句型。
二、常見詞匯辨析題
1.She _____ us that every would be all right.
A. assured B. ensured C. insure D. secure
答案:A
解析:assure、ensure、insure、secure都有“保證”這個(gè)意思,但它們有著細(xì)微的。assure強(qiáng)調(diào)消除疑慮,題干的意思是“她向我們保證會(huì)一切順利”,因此應(yīng)該用assure.ensure強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)實(shí)在在的保障,如“The letter ensured an interview.”暗含了有了這封信就一定可以參加面試的意思。Insure則強(qiáng)調(diào)事先準(zhǔn)備以保證。最后secure則表示采取措施排除負(fù)面因素從而保證。
2.She asked me to ______ her at 7.
A. awake B. awaken C. waken D. The three answers are all right
答案:D
解析:awake,形容詞,“醒著的”,動(dòng)詞,“喚醒、醒來(lái)”。作為動(dòng)詞,它的用法與wake(up)相似,既可是及物動(dòng)詞,如“My interest awoke when I saw the chance for profit.”(看到有機(jī)會(huì)盈利我就有了興趣)和“The project awoke his interest.”awaken和waken一樣,也可作及物和不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“喚醒”和“醒來(lái)”的意思。
3.The meeting will begin at 9:00 according to the ______.
A. calendar B. schedule C. column D. diagram
答案:B
解析:四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是calendar,日歷,schedule,日程安排,column,專欄,diagram,圖解。Schedule還可以作動(dòng)詞,意思是“安排”,如“the flight is scheduled at six”。詞組on schedule意為“準(zhǔn)時(shí)地”。此外還要掌握column一詞也可指“體積”。
4.He spoke so quickly; I didn't ______ what he said.
A. receive B. accept C. listen D. catch
答案:D
解析:catch是一個(gè)意項(xiàng)很多的詞,可以表示“抓住”“捕獲”“趕上車”“感染”等??捎胏atch sb. doing ,意為當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住某人做某事,如:“She caught me cheating on the test.”。這里catch指“理解”“懂得”。
5.It is said that he ____ murder.
A. committed B. conducted C. executed D. emitted
答案:A
解析:commit,動(dòng)詞,意為“干、犯(壞事)”。與之相關(guān)的詞有commitment和committee,“委員會(huì)”。Conduct ,動(dòng)詞,“指揮、引導(dǎo)”。如“He conducts himself quite well these days in school.(他這些天在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不錯(cuò)。)”,“Being the only son, he had to conduct the family business after his father's death.”。另外,作為動(dòng)詞它還有“傳熱、傳導(dǎo)”的意項(xiàng)。它也可以作名詞,意思是“行為、品行”。與之相關(guān)的詞有conductor,“領(lǐng)隊(duì)、樂(lè)隊(duì)指揮”、“售票員、列車員”“導(dǎo)體”。Execute,動(dòng)詞,意為“執(zhí)行”、“處死”,如“to execute a plan”。Executive,形容詞,“實(shí)行的”,名詞,“管理人員”。Emit,動(dòng)詞,“發(fā)射、發(fā)出”。
6.The door is shut _____ and clocked.
A. fast B. tight C. firm D. sound
答案:A
解析:fast要這里是作副詞,意思是“緊緊地”。除此之外,它還可以表示“完全地”,與sound相似。Tight和firm如果換成它們的副詞形式tightly和firmly在這里也是適合的。Sound也可以作副詞,意思是“完全地、徹底地”,如“He's sound asleep”。
7.Many crops were grown on the____ land.
A. barren B. bare C. fertile D. deserted
答案:C
解析:barren,形容詞,“貧瘠的”,與fertile構(gòu)成反義詞。Bare,形容詞,“赤**的、光禿的”,如“bare feet(光腳)”。Deserted,由動(dòng)詞desert(拋棄、荒廢)的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成的形容詞,意為“荒廢的”。
8.He_____ our doubts with a clear explanation.
A. set B. settled C. fixed D. established
答案:B
解析:這四個(gè)詞都有“放在合適的位置”的意思,但各有強(qiáng)調(diào)之處。Set強(qiáng)調(diào)放置在確定的位置上,如“set food on the table” ;settle表示放置在穩(wěn)定、安全的位置上,如“ They settled gradually in their new home ”,也可表示調(diào)整先前混亂的情況,本題取的就是這個(gè)意項(xiàng);fix更強(qiáng)調(diào)永久性、穩(wěn)固性,如“fix a pole in the ground ”;而establish可以表示在將某物放入位置之后加固的進(jìn)程,如“Don't remove the tree when it is established”.
9.The dream of a world without war is yet to be_____.
A. recognized B. filled C. fulfilled D. flourished
答案:C
解析:recognize,動(dòng)詞一,“認(rèn)出、認(rèn)識(shí)到”。Fulfill,動(dòng)詞,“完成、履行”,通常搭配使用的名詞有duty、dream、need等。Flourish,動(dòng)詞,“繁榮、興旺”,如“The business is flourishing”
10.The_____ will be used to help young writers to publish their works.
A. fee B. capital C. fund D. investment
答案:C
解析:fee,名詞,“費(fèi)用”,指接受他人的服務(wù)后應(yīng)付的費(fèi)用。Capital,名詞,“資本”。Fund,名詞,“基金、資金”,指為某項(xiàng)事業(yè)而籌集的錢。Investment,名詞,“投資”,如foreign investment.
11.My salary is enough to _____the family.
A. retain B. obtain C. maintain D. remain
答案:C
解析:retain,動(dòng)詞,“保持”,如“The clothing retains its color. (這衣服不掉色。)”。Obtain,動(dòng)詞,“得到、獲取”,如“ I haven't been able to obtain that album anywhere. ” .Maintain,動(dòng)詞,“保持、維持”,指持續(xù)擁有,如“ They maintained their friendship for over forty years. ”。這里maintain 指“供養(yǎng)”。Remain,動(dòng)詞,“保持”,指處于某種狀態(tài)不變,如“ She remained unknown until her death.”。
12.The little boy ____ to tie his shoelaces but failed.
A. hesitated B. attempted C. managed D. meant
答案:B
解析:hesitate,動(dòng)詞,“猶豫”。Attempt,動(dòng)詞,“試圖”,常用attempt to do,多用于表示沒(méi)有成功的嘗試,也可作名詞。 Manage,動(dòng)詞,“應(yīng)付、處理”,如“ I can manage it myself.”,manage to do指“做成某事”,如“I managed to find what I was looking for.”名詞management指“管理”, manager 指“經(jīng)理”。mean to的意思是“意欲、打算”,如“ I didn't mean to imply(暗示) that you were dishonest”。
13.I didn't expect ()the examination to be so____.
A. slight B. minute C. tiny D. minor
答案:B
解析:minute,形容詞,“微小的”、“詳細(xì)的”,這里取其第二個(gè)意項(xiàng)。Slight,形容詞,“微小的”、“不重要的”。Tiny,形容詞,“微小的”。Minor,形容詞,“較小的、較低的、次要的”,反義詞是major.
14.A fact-finding_____ was sent to Caribbean.
A. parliament B. congress C. mission D. minister
答案:C
解析:mission,名詞,“使命、代表團(tuán)”。Parliament,名詞,“(英國(guó))議會(huì)”。Congress,名詞,“(美國(guó))國(guó)會(huì)”。Minister,名詞,“部長(zhǎng)”,the Prime Minister就是“首相”。
15.I don't feel like _____,I'm not in the ______.
A. dancing——mood B. dancing——mode C. to dance ——mood D. to dance——mode
答案:A
解析:feel like doing,口語(yǔ)中常用的表達(dá)“想做——”的方法。Mood,名詞,“情緒”,表示處于某種情緒一,用介詞in.mode,名詞,“方式、模式”,如“You'd better choose the automatic(自動(dòng)的) mode.”。
16.He was one of the _____ computers to teach.
A. pilots to use B . pilots in using C. pioneers to use D. pioneers in using
答案:D
解析:pioneer,名詞,“先驅(qū)”,表示“在某方面的先驅(qū)”用介詞in.它也可作形容詞,如“a pioneer AIDS researcher(研究者)”。Pilot,名詞,“飛行員”,也可作動(dòng)詞,意為“駕駛(飛機(jī))”。
17.This____ item(條款)of the contract(合同、協(xié)議)is problematic(有問(wèn)題的).
A. peculiar B. curious C. particular D. special
答案:C
解析:particular,形容詞,“個(gè)別的”、“尤其的”,題中取其第一個(gè)意項(xiàng),又如“This particular sentence puzzles me.”,particular表示“這個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子”。“ This book is of no particular importance.”這句中 particular則是“尤其”的意思。它的副詞是 particularly. Peculiar,形容詞,“獨(dú)特的、古怪的”,常用 peculiar to,意為“獨(dú)屬的”,如“ This style of cooking is peculiar to the south-west of the country.”。名詞是 peculiarity,可數(shù)或不可數(shù)。 curious ,形容詞,“好奇的”,常用be curious about:“奇怪的”。名詞是curiosity .special,形容詞,“特別的” ,如“This is a special case.”名詞是speciality,意為“特長(zhǎng)、特別之處”,specialist指在某方面有特別興趣或精通的人。
18.It really_____ me when she stopped breathing.
A. irritated B. scared C. puzzled D. touched
答案:B
解析:scare,動(dòng)詞,“驚嚇、使害怕”。Irritate,動(dòng)詞,“激怒”。Puzzle,動(dòng)詞,“使——迷惑”。也可作名詞,意思是“迷、迷語(yǔ)”。Touch在這里表示“觸動(dòng)、感動(dòng)”。
19.There are no simple ______ to the unemployment problem.
A. methods B. ways C. solutions D. measures
答案:C
解析:solution,名詞,“解決問(wèn)題的方法”,常用solution to.Method,名詞,“方法”;measure,名詞,“措施”A、B、D選項(xiàng)雖然意義符合,但沒(méi)有后直接接介賓結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。另外,measure還可作動(dòng)詞,意為“測(cè)量”。
20.How can we best____ our limited resources?
A. employ B. utilize C. enforce D. enlarge
答案:B
解析:utilize,動(dòng)詞,“利用”,尤指有效利用。Employ,動(dòng)詞,“雇傭”、“采用”,如“to employ the new technology(技術(shù))”。 Enforce,動(dòng)詞,“強(qiáng)迫”、“強(qiáng)制實(shí)施”,如“to enforce the new law”。注意不要與reinforce(加強(qiáng))混淆。 Enlarge,動(dòng)詞,“變大”,如“to enlarge a photograph”。
三、考試常用搭配
1.Tom asked____ you, but I told him nothing.
A. for B. after C. of D. /
答案:B
解析:ask for最常用的意項(xiàng)是是“要求”。它也可以表示“要求和某人說(shuō)話”的意思。 ask after則表示“問(wèn)某人的情況、問(wèn)候”的意思。這里選 ask after貼切。
2.As soon as I got _____, I felt sick.
A. on board the ship B. on the board of the ship
B. C. onto board the ship D. onto the board of the ship
答案:A
解析:on board 是一個(gè)固定的詞組,相當(dāng)于副詞aboard,表示“在船上、車上、飛機(jī)上等”,不可以拆開使用。另外,它還可以表示“作為某隊(duì)或組織的成員出席或工作”,如“ The mew trainee was welcomed on board.(新教練被歡迎上任。)” board一詞可以作名詞,意為“板”、“委員會(huì)”,作動(dòng)詞意為“上船”等。
3.He doesn't care_____ what people think of him.
A. about B. of C. for D. to
答案:A
解析:care的意思是“關(guān)心”。常用詞組有care about,“關(guān)心、看得重要”; care for,“想要”。例如“ Would you care for tea ?”,用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中,“照料”,與take care of相近,如“ She cared for the old women for years.” Care后可接不定式,常用在禮貌的建議中,如“ Would you care to wait here ?”。
4.This cake_____ sugar, butter and flour.
A. constitutes B. consists C. composes D. contains
答案:D
解析:A、B、C選項(xiàng)都有“構(gòu)成”的意項(xiàng),但用法不一樣。Constitute是動(dòng)詞,用法與form相似,如“50 states constitute the USA.”。consist是動(dòng)詞,常用詞組 consist of 意思是“由——組成”,如“This cake consists mainly of sugar, butter and flour.”。另外,consist in表示“由于、存在于”,如“ The charm of Paris does not consist only in its beauty.”。 Compose 常用be composed of,意思是“由——組成”,如“The cake is composed mainly of sugar, butter and flour.”。 contain的意思是“包含”,后面直接接賓語(yǔ)。
5.I looked everywhere for my bicycle but had to go home without it______.
A. on end B. in the end C. at the end D. by the end
答案:B 解析有:on end ,“倒立”,如“to stand on end ”:“連續(xù)地”,如“They talked for hours on end. ”。In the end,“最后、終于”。
6.We are late,_____, we are lost.
A. however B. as a matter of fact C. nevertheless D. moreover
答案:D
解析:moreover ,副詞,“而且”。as a matter of fact 是固定搭配,意為“事實(shí)上”,如“As a matter of fact, I don't care.”。nevertheless,副詞,“然而”。
7.The great bridge was named_____ its designer.
A. of B. with C. after D. from
答案:C
解析:name是動(dòng)詞,“取名”。name after意為“以——命名”。
8.The train_____ about three hours late.
A. pulled B. pulled down C. pulled on D. pulled out
答案:D
解析:pull,動(dòng)詞,“拖、拉”,與push(推)是一組反義詞,在門的兩邊寫的就是這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞。pull down,“拆毀、拉倒”; pull on,“穿上”; pull out,“(車、船等)駛出”。
9.You will never guess whom I ____ on the street yesterday.
A. ran over B. ran out of C. ran into D. ran up to
答案:C
解析:run over ,“壓過(guò)、碾過(guò)”。run out of,“用盡”,如“ We have run out of petrol(汽油)” run into ,“撞見、偶然遇見”。run up to,“徑直走到、跑到”。
10.I think I turned off the light but I'll go back and _____.
A. be sure B. make sure C. feel sure D. be certain
答案:B
解析:sure,形容詞,“確信”,用法較多。 be sure常用于句首引導(dǎo)一個(gè)祈使句,意思是“別忘了”,如“ Be sure to set the alarm clock ”。make sure的意思是“檢驗(yàn)”,“確?!?,下面就第二個(gè)意項(xiàng)舉例:“ Make sure you get here before 8.”。 certain也可表示“確信、肯定的”意思,與sure的區(qū)別在于:可以有“He's certain/sure to come. ”、“I'm certain/sure he'll come. ”,但只能是“It is certain that he'll come.”。
11.______ the birth-control policy, the growth of population has slowed down.
A. Thank B. Thanking C. With thanks to D. Thanks to
答案:D
解析:thanks to,“由于”,相當(dāng)于because of或 due to.有時(shí)帶有諷刺的意味,如“We lost the game thanks to your stupidity(愚蠢).”
12.I wouldn't trust ______ that.
A. him in doing B. to him in doing C. him to do D. to him to do
答案:C
解析:trust,動(dòng)詞,“信任、委托”,常用trust+ obj.、trust in/to+ obj.、trust+that、trust+ obj.+ to do,如“She trusted to luck instead of studying for the test.”。也可作名詞,不可數(shù)。
13.Her speech touched _____ the issue of employee benefits.
A. / B. with C. on D. up
答案:C
解析:touch on,“涉及”、“提到”。
14.It_____ that the mysterious visitor was an old friend of my grandmother.
A. turned up B. turned off C. turned on D. turned out
答案:D
解析:turn up,“出現(xiàn)”,如“ Did the lost ring ever turn up? .Turn off,”關(guān)閉“、”拐彎“,如” to turn off the highway and take the local road “。turn on:”打開“。 turn out,”原來(lái)“,表示以前不知道后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)是,常用 turn out to和題中的句型,如” He turned out to be a friend.“。
15.Please give me five pounds'______ of this chocolate.
A. worth B. worthy C. worthwhile D. value
答案:A
解析:worth,名詞,“價(jià)值”。也可作介詞,常用be worth doing/be worth+ obj..worthy ,形容詞,“有價(jià)值的”,常用worthy of +obj.,如“ an effort worthy of praise”。 Worthwhile,形容詞,“值得的”。
16.I ______ the telephone and wrote down the message.
A. hanged up B. hung up C. hanged D. hung
答案:B
解析:hang有兩種過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去分詞形式,當(dāng)表示“絞死”的意思時(shí),過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去分詞為 hanged、 hanged,當(dāng)表示其它意項(xiàng)時(shí)會(huì)別是hung、hung.hang up的意思是“掛斷電話”,所以這里選B.
17.The government will not _____ the severest measures against the terrorists.
A. hesitate taking B. hesitate to take C. hesitate in taking D. hesitate take
答案:B
解析:hesitate,動(dòng)詞,意為“猶豫”,不及物,通常用hesitate to do.如“ If you need any help, don't hesitate to ask me .”其名詞形式是hesitation ,另有hesitatingly,副詞。
18.Too many people are indifferent _____ others' troubles.
A. with B. to C. of D. about
答案:B
解析:indifferent,形容詞,“漠然的、冷淡的”,常用indifferent to.
19.This brand(品牌)of dog food is a bit expensive, but it is really_____ the others.
A. superior to B. inferior to C. superior with D. inferior with
答案:A
解析:superior,形容詞,“高級(jí)的”、“高層的”、“優(yōu)越的”,也看作名詞,指“上級(jí)”。名詞形式是superiority.其反義詞是 inferior,名詞是inferiority.
20.If you cheat, you will be found out _______.
A. by and by B. step by step C. sooner or later D. off and on
答案:C
解析:by and by和 step and step都表示“逐漸”的意思,其中后者更強(qiáng)調(diào)“一步一步地”。 sooner or later的意思是“遲早”。 off and on也可寫成 on and off ,意思是“不時(shí)地、斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地”,如“The light was flashing on and off.”。
四、??季湫汀?BR> (1)主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞
說(shuō)明:1.本句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由不及物動(dòng)詞充當(dāng),分詞作狀語(yǔ)。
2.現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)通常表示主語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行的另一個(gè)動(dòng)作,起陪襯或修飾作用。
3.過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),主要修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景與情況。
4.現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子是一致的。
例:a)They sat facing each other.他們面對(duì)面地坐著。
b)He lay on the grass enjoying the sunshine.他躺在草地上享受陽(yáng)光。
c)Frustrated, he went back to his home village.他大失所望,回到家鄉(xiāng)去。
d)Supported by the people, our troops struck back with guns and grenades.在人民的支持下,我軍以步槍和手榴彈進(jìn)行了反擊。
(2)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式
說(shuō)明:1.本句型中賓語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)。
2.本句型中的動(dòng)詞不定式可用被動(dòng)式和完成式。
3.本句型中的動(dòng)詞不定式可在to前加not或never表示否定。
4.可接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有:expect, hope, want, wish, apply, ask, manage, arrage, prepare, agree, promise, trouble, hilp, decline, choose, fail等。
例:a)He would admire to be a pilot.他喜歡當(dāng)飛行員。
b)The scientist claims to have discovered a new planet.這位科學(xué)家宣稱發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆新的行星。
c)They pretended not to see us.他們佯裝沒(méi)有看見我們。
(3)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)名詞
說(shuō)明:1.本句型中的賓語(yǔ)由動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)。
2.動(dòng)名詞因?yàn)榫哂袆?dòng)詞特征,故可帶有自己的賓語(yǔ)。
3.動(dòng)名詞可用于否定式和完成式
4.只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓詞的動(dòng)詞主要有:avoid, escape, miss, advise, suggest, forbid, prevent, delay, postpone, admit, deny, recall, report, dislike, enjoy等。
例:a)At last she accepted marryinhg him.她最后同意和他結(jié)婚了。
b)I can't afford going to visit my sick sister.我抽不出時(shí)間去看望我生病的姐姐。
c)I would advise not buying the house.我建議不要買這幢房子。
(4)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞+不帶的to的動(dòng)詞不定式
說(shuō)明:用于本句型的動(dòng)詞不定式有兩類:一是感官動(dòng)詞see, find, hear, notice, watch, smell, observe, look at, listen to等;二是某些使役動(dòng)詞,如let, make, have等。
例:a)I've never known him tell lies.我從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽說(shuō)他說(shuō)謊。
b)Mother let me go to camp.母親讓我去參加露營(yíng)。
(5)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
說(shuō)明:1.現(xiàn)在分詞表示一是正在進(jìn)行的延續(xù)性動(dòng)作或可以不斷地反復(fù)進(jìn)行的短暫性動(dòng)作;二是開始進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2.本句型的賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)具有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
3.常用于本句型的及物動(dòng)詞有:discover, feel, find, hear, keep, look at, leave, observe, paint, see, send, show, start, take等。
例:a)The bell brought people gathering on the square.鈴聲使人們?cè)趶V場(chǎng)上集結(jié)。
b)She heard the wind blowing and the rain pattering against the windows.她聽到了刮風(fēng)和雨點(diǎn)打在窗子上的聲音。
(6)That+句子
說(shuō)明:1.本句型用于表示沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。
2.That后的句子要用虛擬式。
3.that在本句型中是連詞,可視為“I wish that——”,“I regard that——”,“I wonder that——”等的省略。
例:a)That I had never met him.我希望從來(lái)沒(méi)見過(guò)他。
b)That he should do such a thing! 他竟會(huì)干出這種事情來(lái)!
(7)Not until+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)/從句+did +主語(yǔ)+其他
說(shuō)明:1.本句型主要是為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣而將主句中的not移至until之前,主句采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。
2.本句型有變體“It is not until+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)/從句+that+主語(yǔ)從句”,主要是為了強(qiáng)調(diào),通常譯作“直到——才”。
例:a)Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.直到孩子入睡后,母親才離開房間。
b)It was not until the next day that I learned the truth.直到第二天我才明白真相。
(8)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)——+so+形容詞/副詞+that+結(jié)果從句
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)——+such+(形容詞+名詞+)that+結(jié)果從句
說(shuō)明:1.句型中的so, such是表示“如此”的意思。
2.第一句型有變體“主語(yǔ)+be+ so+過(guò)去分詞+that+結(jié)果從句”
3.第二句型一般用法是“such+形容詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞+that從句”或是“such+ a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句”,表示“這樣——(一個(gè))——以至于——”。例:a)The meat was so tough that I simply couldn't get it down.這肉太老了,我簡(jiǎn)直咽不下去。
b)He spoke so rapidly that we could not clearly understand him.他說(shuō)得太快了,使我們不能了解他的意思。
c)He told such funny stories that we all laughed.他是這樣滑稽的故事,把我們都逗笑了。
d)He was such a selfish man that nobody would help him. 他是這樣一個(gè)自私的人,所以沒(méi)有人幫助他。
(9)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+形容詞/副詞/名詞+enough+(for+邏輯主語(yǔ)+)+動(dòng)詞不定式
說(shuō)明:enough如修飾名詞,也可置于名詞前。
例:a)The clothes cupboard is big enough for you to walk in.這衣柜大得可容你進(jìn)去。
b).There is enough food for eight people食物足夠八個(gè)人吃。
(10)主語(yǔ)+would/had+ rather+動(dòng)詞原形+than+動(dòng)詞原形
說(shuō)明:本句型表示主觀上的決擇,常譯作“寧可——”“與其——寧愿——”等。例:
a) She would rather spend than save.她有錢寧愿花掉,不肯積蓄。
b) He insisted on staying rather than go.她堅(jiān)持要留下來(lái),而不愿去。
(11)It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+who/that+其他部分
說(shuō)明:1.當(dāng)所強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)是指人的名詞或代詞時(shí),須使用who,其余情況均用that.
2.強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(從句)時(shí)不可用when,須用that;強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(從句)時(shí)不可用where,也須用that.
例:a)It is on Tuesday that she will come.她星期二來(lái)。
b) I shall remember the day(that )we met the first time.我將永遠(yuǎn)記住我們第一次見面的日子。
(12)否定詞語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
說(shuō)明:1.否定詞語(yǔ)置于句首是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)否定,可引起部分倒裝。
2.本句型中常用的否定詞語(yǔ):at no point, hardly, in vain, little, never, not, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, seldom.
例:a) Hardly did I think it possible.我?guī)缀跽J(rèn)為這是不可能的。
b) Nowhere have I seen your bike.我從未見過(guò)你的自行車。
c) Rarely did I meet Mr. Eldon.我很少遇上埃爾登先生。
(13)部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式表達(dá)
說(shuō)明:表示要求、建議、命令、假設(shè)等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬形式來(lái)表達(dá),也就是該從句動(dòng)詞用原形。這些動(dòng)詞有:advise, ask, beg, demand, deserve, desire, determine, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, suppose, urge
例:a) I advise that he go at once. 我勸他馬上走。
b) She demanded that we attack at once. 她要求我們立即進(jìn)攻。

